2019年12月六級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀練習(xí)題(2)

1、2019 年 12 月六級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀練習(xí)題 (2) Section B Directions ： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than onc

2、e Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 Daylight Saving Time (DST) How and When Did Daylight Saving Time Start? A Benjamin Franklin-of early to bed and early to rise fame-was apparently the first person to suggest the concep

3、t of daylight savings While serving as U S ambassador to France in Pads, Franklin wrote of being awakened at 6 a m and realizing, to his surprise, that the sun would rise far earlier than he usually did Imagine the resources that might be saved if he and others rose before noon and burned less midni

4、ght oil, Franklin, tongue half in cheek, wrote to a newspaper B It wasnt until World War I that daylight savings were realized on a grand scale Germany was the first state to adopt the time changes, to reduce artificial lighting and thereby save coal for the war effort Friends and foes soon followed

5、 suit In the U S a federal law standardized the yearly start and end of daylight saving time in 1918-for the states that chose to observe it C During World War II the US made daylight saving time mandatory（ 強(qiáng)制的） for the whole country, as a way to save wartime resources Between February 9, 1942, and

6、September 30, 1945, the government took it a step further During this period daylight saving time was observed year-round, essentially making it the new standard time, if only for a few years Many years later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was enacted, mandating a controversial month-long extension

7、of daylight saving time, starting in 2007 Daylight Saving Time ： Energy Saver or Just Time Sucker? D In recent years several studies have suggested that daylight saving time doesnt actually save energy-and might even result in a net loss Environmental economist Hendrik Wolff, of the University of Wa

8、shington, co- authored a paper that studied Australian power-use data when parts of the country extended daylight saving time for the 2000 Sydney Olympics and others did not The researchers found that the practice reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening but increased energy use i

9、n the now dark mornings- wiping out the evening gains Thats because the extra hour that daylight saving time adds in the evening is a hotter hour So if people get home an hour earlier in a wanner house, they turn on their air conditioning, the University of Washingtons Wolff said In an E But other s

10、tudies do show energy gains October 2008 daylight saving time report to Congress, mandated by the same 2005 energy act that extended daylight saving time, the U S Department of Energy asserted that springing forward does save energy Extended daylight saving time saved 1 3 terawatt （太瓦 ） hours of ele

11、ctricity That figure suggests that daylight saving time reduces annual U S electricity consumption by 0 03 percent and overall energy consumption by 0 02 percent While those percentages seem small, they could represent significant savings because of the nations enormous total energy use F Whats more

12、, savings in some regions are apparently greater than in others California, for instance, appears to benefit most from daylight saving time-perhaps because its relatively mild weather encourages people to stay outdoors later The Energy Department report found that daylight saving time resulted in an

13、 energy savings of one percent daily in the state G But Wolff, one of many scholars who contributed to the federal report, suggested that the numbers were subject to statistical variability （變化） and shouldnt be taken as hard facts And daylight savings energy gains in the U S largely depend on your l

14、ocation in relation to the Mason-Dixon Line, Wolff saidThe North might be a slight winner, because the North doesnt have as much air conditioning, he said But the South is a definite loser in terms of energy consumption The South has more energy consumption under daylight saving Daylight Saving Time

15、 ： Healthy or Harmful? H For decades advocates of daylight savings have argued that, energy savings or no, daylight saving time boosts health by encouraging active lifestyles-a claim Wolff and colleagues are currently putting to the test In a nationwide American time-use study, were clearly seeing t

16、hat, at the time of daylight saving time extension in the spring, television watching is substantially reduced and outdoor behaviors like jogging, walking, or going to the park are substantially increased, Wolff said Thats remarkable, because of course the total amount of daylight in a given day is

17、the same I But others warn of ill effects Till Roenneberg, a university professor in Munich （慕尼黑 ）, Germany, said his studies show that our circadian （生理節(jié)奏的 ） body clocks- set by light and darkness-never adjust to gaining an extra hour of sunlight to the end of the day during daylight saving time J

18、One reason so many people in the developed world are chronically （ 長(zhǎng)期地 ） overtired, he said, is that they suffer fromsocial jet lag In other words, their optimal circadian sleep periods dont accord with their actual sleep schedules Shifting daylight from morning to evening only increases this lag, h

19、e said Light doesnt do the same things to the body in the morning and the evening More light in the morning would advance the body clock, and that would be good But more light in the evening would even further delay the body clock K Other research hints at even more serious health risks A 2008 study

20、 concluded that, at least in Sweden, heart attack risks go up in the days just after the spring time change The most likely explanation to our findings is disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms, One expert told National Geographic News via email Daylight Savings Lovers and Haters L Wit

21、h verdicts （ 定論） on the benefits, or costs, of daylight savings so split, it may be no surprise that the yearly time changes inspire polarized reactions In the UK, for instance, the Lighter Later movement-part of 10 10,a group advocating cutting carbon emissions-argues for a sort of extreme daylight

22、 savings First, they say,move standard time forward an hour, then keep observing daylight saving time as usual-adding two hours ofevening daylight to what we currently consider standard time The folks behind Standardtime com, on the other hand, want to abolish daylight saving time altogether, callin

23、g energy-efficiency claims unproven M National telephone surveys by Rasmussen Reports from spring 2010 and fall 2009 deliver the same answerMost people just dont think the time change is worth the hassle （ 麻煩的事 ） Forty-seven percent agreedwith that statement, while only 40 percent disagreed But Seiz

24、e the Daylight author David Prerau said his research on daylight saving time suggests most people are fond of it I think if you ask most people if they enjoy having an extra hour of daylight in the evening eight months a year, the response would be pretty positive 46 Daylight savings energy gains mi

25、ght be various due to different climates 47 Disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms may be the best explanation to higher heart attack risks in the days after the spring time change 48 A research indicated that DST might not save energy by increasing energy use in the dark mornings, though it reduce