高中英語：Working_the_land—Grammar課件(新人教版必修4)

1、Unit 2 Working the landGrammarWhy ? developed super hybrid rice But he leads a simple life Find and underline the sentences in the passage that use ing forms as either the subject or the object . He enjoys listening to violin music , playing mah-jong , swimming and reading . Spending money on himsel

2、f or leading acomfortable life also means very little to him . object subject Since then , finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal . As a young man , he saw the great need for increasing the rice output . Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area o

3、f the fields . Just dreaming for things , however , costs nothing . However, he doesnt care about being famous, Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people . subject object object subject object object 一一. 動名詞做主語的用法動名詞做主語的用法 動名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動動

4、名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作作, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty. Working with you is a pleasure. V-ing vs. infinitive as Subject 1. _ English is not so easy. _ English well this year is not so possible. (A.To learn/ B.Learning) 2._ chess is fun.(A.To play/ B.playing)A/ BAB1）作主

5、語時，不定式與動名詞一般可以通用。2）表示一種普遍性的事情或一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)和體會，一般用動名詞作主語：3）表示具體動作（指句中有具體的時間、頻率、地點(diǎn)、方式狀語）或?qū)淼膭幼鞑欢ㄊ阶髦髡Z。動名詞做主語和不定式做主語一樣，也可以用動名詞做主語和不定式做主語一樣，也可以用it作形式主語。如：作形式主語。如： To learn English well isnt very easy . Helping her is my duty. Working with you is a pleasure. It is my duty helping her. It is a pleasure working wit

6、h you . It isnt very easy to learn English well. 不定式做主語往往表示具體的特別是不定式做主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動作。如：將來的動作。如： Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。覆水難收。 He realized that to go on like this was wrong.（指抽象動作）（指抽象動作）（指具體動作）（指具體動作）【考例】 What do you think made Mary so upset？ _ her new bicycle（1997上海高考題）上海高考題） A. A

7、s she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 解析：解析：losing her new bicycle是句子的是句子的主語，謂語主語，謂語made her so upset被省略，被省略，losing 在此表示具體的動作。在此表示具體的動作。 It isnt worth _ that program. A. to watch B. watched C. watching D. being watching It is/was worth doing此外還有一些相似的句型：此外還有一些相似的句型： It is a waste of time

8、doing It is a waste of time arguing about it. Its no good/use/need doing . 做做 是沒益處是沒益處/ /沒用沒用/ / 沒必要的沒必要的 Its no use waiting here. * It is no need telling her the news. There is no need _ her the news. There is no need to do sth 干沒必要，to do 不可換為doing.特別注意一些只能用特別注意一些只能用V-V-inging做的句型做的句型to tell3. 3. 在

9、在there be no+ there be no+ v-ingv-ing結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語 這事不是開玩笑的。這事不是開玩笑的。There is no joking about the matter.其他其他常見類似句型：常見類似句型： V- ing 做賓語做賓語There is no sense in doing sth. 做做沒有道理沒有道理There is no point （in） doing sth 做做沒有意義沒有意義There is no good/use in doing sth. 做做沒有好處沒有好處/用處用處There is nothing worse than d

10、oing sth沒有比沒有比更糟糕的更糟糕的沒有比考試不及格更糟糕的事情了。沒有比考試不及格更糟糕的事情了。There is nothing worse than _.考試作弊沒有任何意義?？荚囎鞅讻]有任何意義。There is no point _ in the exam.failing in the examin cheating二二. 動名詞作賓語的用法動名詞作賓語的用法 1可接動名詞作賓語的常見動詞可用下面的可接動名詞作賓語的常見動詞可用下面的口訣記住。口訣記住。避免錯過少延期（避免錯過少延期（ avoid, miss, postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)（建議完成多練習(xí)（advise,

11、 finish, practice)喜歡想象禁不?。ㄏ矚g想象禁不住（enjoy, imagine, cant help)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒 （admit, deny, envy)逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒（逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒（escape, risk, excuse)忍受保持不介意（忍受保持不介意（stand, keep, mind)有些動詞或短語動詞后常用動名詞作賓語。如有些動詞或短語動詞后常用動名詞作賓語。如feel like, appreciate, forgive, cant stand（不能忍（不能忍受）受）, consider，get down to, give up, insist o

12、n, keep (on), look forward to, devote to, pay attention to, stick to(堅(jiān)持）堅(jiān)持）, mention, miss（錯過）（錯過）put off(推遲，阻止推遲，阻止), get used to, suggest, object to (反對），反對）， be good at, lead to 等等。等等。 【考例考例】 I cant imagine _ that with them（MET 1986） A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing She looks forward every s

13、pring to _ the flower-lined garden（1995上海高考題上海高考題） A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 解析：解析：考查短語動詞考查短語動詞 look forward to 后跟動名詞作賓語的用法。后跟動名詞作賓語的用法。 動詞-ing形式作賓語 在有些動詞的后面，如：start，begin, continue等既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。 He continued working/ to work as if nothing had happened.在love, ha

14、te, prefer, like 等動詞后接動名形式作賓語指經(jīng)常性的情況，用不定式作賓語指具體的動作。I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.I preferred staying at home when it rained.動名詞做主語/賓語要注意的事項(xiàng): 1.有些動詞或詞組后跟動名詞或不定式都可以但有些動詞或詞組后跟動名詞或不定式都可以但是意思不同。是意思不同。 forget regret remember to do doing 已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作將要發(fā)生的動作將要發(fā)生的動作be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事不敢做某事

15、be afraid of doing sth. 害怕發(fā)生害怕發(fā)生go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事繼續(xù)做原來做的事go on to do 接著做另一件事接著做另一件事 mean doing 意味著要做某事意味著要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下來去做別的事停下來去做別的事try doing 試著做某事試著做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事習(xí)慣于做某事 be used to do 被用來做某事被用來做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事

16、禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能幫助做某事不能幫助做某事_both to do and doing manage expect decide seem offer imagine suggest avoid admit practise hate love prefer remem-ber regret promise , enjoy , fail , try , finish , hope , stop , begin , afford , forget , like , mind , miss , start , plan , keep to do doing promis

17、e fail hope afford plan enjoyfinishmindmisskeep trystopbegin forgetlike start 【考例】 Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet（MET 1985） A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 解析：解析：stop studying意為意為“停止學(xué)習(xí)停止學(xué)習(xí)”。 Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me th

18、e story yesterday？（？（1999上海高上海高考題）考題） A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 解析解析: remember telling me意為意為“記得曾經(jīng)告訴過我記得曾經(jīng)告訴過我”。 2. 當(dāng)當(dāng) need, want, require, worth, deserve +doing表示被動表示被動(= to be done)。 Your hair wants cutting.=Your hair wants to be cut. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。你的頭發(fā)該理了。The floor requires washing.

19、 地板需要沖洗。地板需要沖洗。動詞-ing形式的否定形式 動詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not， 帶有邏輯主語時not 應(yīng)放在動詞-ing 形式之前。 Excuse me for my not coming on time. Im sorry for not having kept my promise. Not cleaning her teeth made her smell bad. Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried.動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格 做 v

20、-ing 的邏輯主語 主語； sbs + V ing 表示某人的某個行為，狀況等 Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried. It s a waste of time your talking to him.賓語： Would you mind my opening the window我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。 _ made we worried.My sisters being ill1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish

21、_ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedExcersice2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing3. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning4. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A