常用口語(yǔ)及習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)總結(jié)[1]

1、常用口語(yǔ)及習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)總結(jié)be tied up with / have ones hands full of =be busy with忙于做某事a green handa big headache=having difficulty in doing sth讓人頭痛的事情beyond one s ability沒有能力做到pull one s leg / put sb on拿某人開玩笑feel like=be fond of =be ones cup of tea喜歡做某事be familiar withbe familiar tofeel at homein熟悉于做某事on the tip o

2、f ones tongue=slip ones mind 忘記了catch / follow me / grab / understand理解attentioneye-catchingbe fed up with厭倦cannot bear / cannot stand忍受不了stand the test of timeput up with忍受feel blue 心情不好ask for the moon異想天開make a living謀生make the best / most use of充分利用cry in one s beer借酒消愁cost sb. an arm and leg代價(jià)巨

3、大at the cost ofdoesn thold water沒有道理，講不通hold onthis room can hold 50 people.be eager to do sth.be dying to渴望做某事die dead deathI cannot agree more /better我完全同意。You are the last man I want to see你是我最不想見的人。You ve got me 你把我難倒了。You lose the point你弄錯(cuò)了。there is no point in doing sth.I cannot complain我感覺好些了

4、。back up 支持ahead of schedule提前behind schedule遲到了bring sb. up to date=help sb. catch up讓某人知道 最近的進(jìn)展keep pace with跟 齊步前進(jìn)rain cats and dogs=rain heavilyleave alone不管，不理會(huì)give sb. a hand with幫助某人做某事give sb. a big hand為某人鼓掌ahead of time=schedule提前around the clock夜以繼日stay up to late熬夜第1頁(yè)共10頁(yè)1run out of oil沒

5、有油了agree with同意put up with忍受 bear standpick sb. up用車接某人put sb. up給某人提供住宿make it成功做到come tocome up with an idea提出想法make sense of = understand理解出my treat我請(qǐng)客go Dutch各付各自帳單 AAcount on = cry on ones shoulder 依靠某人shake all over全身顫抖，害怕flat tyre車胎漏氣spare tyre備用胎sell out賣光top best sellersout of print（書等）絕版ou

6、t of stock脫銷keep an eyes on注意某事或某人keep ones ears open提高警惕used to do過去常常做get used to sth. or doing sth.習(xí)慣做常見習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)（二）正誤辨析誤 - What can I do for you?- Yes， please help me正 - What can I do for you?- I'd like to buy a sweater析 What can I do for you?這一問語(yǔ)實(shí)際上用于的情景很多，要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為：您想要點(diǎn)什么 ?在其他場(chǎng)合

7、也可以被譯為：我能為您做些什么 ?它的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是 直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。誤 - Which color do you like?- Sorry， I don't like正 - Which color do you like?- I prefer blue析由 which來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如Yes ， I like it誤 Do you like to come with us tonight?正 Would you like to come with us tonight析Do you like 問的是對(duì)方的習(xí)慣，如：Do you likes

8、wimming? Do you likecollectingstamps?而 would you like 則是一次性的邀請(qǐng)、提議。邀請(qǐng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法還有如下幾種：Shall we go?我們走吧 !Let's go?讓我們走吧 !How about having a cup of tea?喝杯茶如何 ?What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?第2頁(yè)共10頁(yè)2Why not buy it?為什么不買呢 ?其肯定答語(yǔ)一般為Certainly， Yes， OAll right， With pleasure誤 Sorry ， I've kept you wai

9、ting.Not at all.正 Sorry ， I've kept you waiting.Never mind.析 " 介意不介意 " 這一問法與答語(yǔ)在中英文中有所不同。如：- Do you mind my smoking here?-Yes， do it pleaseNo， of course notYes， take it pleaseNo， you can't take it這時(shí)正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為：不介意，當(dāng)然不。而A 選項(xiàng)則自相矛盾了，它應(yīng)譯為：是的我介意，請(qǐng)抽吧。而D 選項(xiàng)是：不介意，你不能抽。當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ綘?zhēng)求意見時(shí)，可以有以下問法：Do

10、 you mind if I open the door?Would you mind mailing the letter for me其答語(yǔ)如果是同意應(yīng)為：Certainly not， not at all而不同意時(shí)應(yīng)為Yes ， 或 I'm sorry誤 What's that man?He is Mike正 What's that man?He is a teacher正 Who's that man?He is Mike(He is Mike's father)析 由 what提問是問的職業(yè)，由who提問問的是姓名或身份。誤 I'm s

11、orry， but is this the way to the park?正 Excuse me ， but is this the way to the park?析 I'm sorry是對(duì)已經(jīng)做錯(cuò)了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r(shí)的開始語(yǔ)。而Excuse me是在打擾對(duì)方之前表達(dá)歉意的話。誤 - Have a good time tonight!- You are the same正 - Have a good time tonight!- The same to you析 The same to you是表達(dá)我也祝您有個(gè)愉快的夜晚，它是美語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法。誤 - What's the p

12、roblem?- I've got a headache正 What's wrong with you?I've got a headache析 What's wrong with you?是詢問對(duì)方身體狀態(tài)如何，而What's the problem?是問對(duì)方遇到了什么麻煩。誤 - Now ， I'm back.Can I play?- Perhaps.You'd better do your homework first.正 - Now ， I'm back.Can I play?- I'm afraid not.Yo

13、u'd better do your homework first.析 Perhaps是表示對(duì)一種拿不準(zhǔn)的事態(tài)的推論，如：Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not則表達(dá)一種不同意的態(tài)度。be afraid的幾種用法有：I'm afraid that you are right其后直接加賓語(yǔ)從句。- Will you come to my birthday party?第3頁(yè)共10頁(yè)3- I'm afraid not.I have to go to see my father.He is in hospital其后 not ，表示否定

14、。- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog其后名詞，表示對(duì)某人，某物的害怕。Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam其后 of 動(dòng)名詞，表示害怕做某事。Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam其后不定式，表示不敢去做某事。誤 - How soon will you be ready?- Two days正 - How soon will

15、 you be ready?- In two days析此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，要注意的是對(duì)方問了什么，就應(yīng)答什么?；虼鹆耸裁淳蛻?yīng)問什么。 How soon問的是 " 還有多久才能作完" ，這時(shí)要用in two days， 即在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用How long提問，則答語(yǔ)可以用two days。誤 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- I don't mind- Monday and Tuesday of next week正 - Would you mind if I have some time

16、off?- When exactly- Monday and Tuesday of next week析有的對(duì)話是復(fù)雜的，稍有不慎就有可能選錯(cuò)，而且英語(yǔ)中如選錯(cuò)了答案是不容易找出錯(cuò)來的。Idon't mind是可以用來回答Would you mind 這一提問的，但如仔細(xì)看一看則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語(yǔ)來判定要用when exactly?什么時(shí)間，這樣才能與下句中具體的時(shí)間相符合。誤 Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say

17、will probably be "Who are you?"正 Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?"析在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，習(xí)慣用法實(shí)際上在某種情況，或某種意義上講比語(yǔ)法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析，它們可能都是對(duì)的。比如，當(dāng)你拿起電話時(shí)，如果你想知道對(duì)方是誰(shuí)，可以問"Who'sthat(speaking)?&

18、quot;但不要講 "Who are you?" 如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講 "This is×××× speaking"而不要講 "I'm×××× " 也不要講 "My name is ×××××"就語(yǔ)法而論， "Who are you?" "I'm××××""My name i

19、s×××××" 并不錯(cuò)，也是英語(yǔ)中可用的句子，但就打電話這一場(chǎng)合，就不宜用了。誤 - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?- I don't hope so正 - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?- I hope not析由于初學(xué)者對(duì)實(shí)際英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中表達(dá)感情意愿的答語(yǔ)不熟悉，如在肯定答語(yǔ)中I think soI hopesoI believe so是相同的，但在否定句中卻常用I don&

20、#39;t think so但 I don't believe so和 I don't hope so則意為：我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而I believe not和 I hope not則為：我想可能不會(huì)發(fā)生吧 !誤 -Your handwritingis very good! - No， my handwritingis verypoor正 - Your handwritingis very good!- Thank you析中國(guó)人遇到別人稱贊，總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認(rèn)為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎(jiǎng)你或贊美你時(shí)，就應(yīng)說： Thank you 又比如中國(guó)人見面時(shí)常

21、講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet? 而英美人則認(rèn)為你過多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見面時(shí)往往問一些無關(guān)緊要的話，如： Hello! How are you going? (你過得怎樣 ) Morning!等。而 good morning和 How do you do第4頁(yè)共10頁(yè)4則被認(rèn)為是較正規(guī)的問候語(yǔ)，在日常生活中則十分少見。誤 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excus

22、emeI'll go first正 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave youmay say ： "Excuse meI have to go"析這兩句答語(yǔ)都是正確的，其關(guān)鍵不是語(yǔ)法，而是習(xí)慣問題。如果在這樣的場(chǎng)合你講I'llgo first朋友們會(huì)迷惑不解，而I have to go則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去，而你本人則十分不愿做此事。誤 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- I'd l

23、ike to， and I'm too busy正 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?-I'd like to， but I'm too busy析 I'm too busy與 I'd like to在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對(duì)詞義合乎邏輯的表達(dá)能力。所以要強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，更要強(qiáng)調(diào)在語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)上的詞語(yǔ)辨析。（三）例題解析1- Would you like to have some rice?-A. Yes ， I likeB. Yes， please C. of courseD. Ye

24、s， I have答案B.析當(dāng)對(duì)方對(duì)你發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)的問語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果你想接受則講Yes ， please如不想接受則用 No， thanks2- Nice to see you-A. Good morningB. Happy to meet you， tooC. Nice to see you， too D. Pleased to meetyou ， too答案 C. 析 雖然 A、 B、 D 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以作為某種問候語(yǔ)的答語(yǔ)，但英語(yǔ)中問候語(yǔ)的答語(yǔ)多用重復(fù)對(duì)方的話，以表達(dá)同樣的心情。3 - Would you please give me some water? - A. Yes ， I would

25、B. CertainlyC. No， thanksD. Yes， please答案 B.析當(dāng)對(duì)方發(fā)出十分禮貌的請(qǐng)求幫助的問語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般的回答是肯定的。而 Yes， please為 " 是的，您請(qǐng)做某事吧" 。這一含意顯然不對(duì)。4- Thank you very much for helping me-AYou're welcome BIt doesn't matterCNo needDDon't say that答案A.析 You're welcome譯為中文為：不用謝。而It doesn't matter則為：沒關(guān)系。5- Oh ，

26、I am not feeling well.I've got a cold- AFine ， How are you?BNever mindTake careCWell ， I 'm sure to get well soonD.I'm sorry to hear that答案D.析這是美國(guó)、英國(guó)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，而B、 C 則是中國(guó)人常講的答語(yǔ)。6 - Meimei you speak English very well - ANo， I don't think so BThank you very muchCNot good enough DThat's

27、all right答案B.7- Could you look after Polly for me while we're away?第5頁(yè)共10頁(yè)5-A. No ， thanks B. With pleasureC. I'm not afraid D. I'm sure you will答案B.析 With pleasure 是英語(yǔ)中的一句十分客氣的答語(yǔ)，用在當(dāng)對(duì)方因你的幫助或你的許諾向你道謝時(shí)，表達(dá)自己十分樂意為對(duì)方效力的口氣。8- Hello! Could I speak to theheadmaster， please?-AHold on ， please BT

28、hat's the headmaster， please CWho are you ? please DSorryI'm not the headmaster答案 A.析 holdon， please是指請(qǐng)對(duì)方等一等不要將電話放下的用語(yǔ)。如果要講我就是的話不能用that，而要用 this，在電話用語(yǔ)中that指對(duì)方， this指自己。9 - I'msorry I don't know the way，either.You'd better ask that policeman for help- A. Good night B. That's n

29、othingC. Very well D. Thank you all the same答案 D.析當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ角笾鷷r(shí)，對(duì)方無能為力，這時(shí)的感謝語(yǔ)則為Thank you all the same意為不管如何還是要謝謝你。10- I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything.- AI'm sorryBDon't worryCGood luckDBad luck答案 D.析如果用 A 則要用I'm sorry to hear that而不能單用 I'm sorry因 I'm sorry是

30、向?qū)Ψ降狼?。?bad luck為真是不幸啊。11 - - I have got a coughA. What's your trouble? B. What have you got? C. Why did you come here?D. Have you got a cough?答案 A.析 What's your trouble?多用于問對(duì)方有什么問題、 麻煩或得了什么病。 這種用語(yǔ)還有 What's wrongwith you?12- What's the weather like today!- AIt's nice for a walkBI

31、 like autumn best of allCIt will be fine tomorrowDIt's rather cold today答案 D.析本題要注意問的是什么，不要所問非所答。因問題是今天的天氣怎樣，所以只能選D第6頁(yè)共10頁(yè)613- How is your mother?- AShe is oldBShe is no better than she wasCShe is kind heartedDShe is in her forties答案B.析 How is your mother?問的是你媽身體如何，而B 選項(xiàng)則是 " 她不比以前強(qiáng)" 。而

32、其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)則是所問非所答。14When someone did a good deed for you， you should sayA you are too goodB It's very kind of youC you are very kindD I'll thank you答案B.15- I am very sorryI am late for dinner-A. No ， you aren't B. That's all rightC. Yes ， you are D. No， you don't答案B.析 That's all

33、right沒關(guān)系。16 - I'm sorry if I hurt you - A. I'm sorryB. It's not trueC. It doesn't matter D. Don't say sorry答案C.17 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you - A I'm sorryB What a pityC It doesn't matter to meD That's terrible答案B.析 What a pity.真遺憾。第一句應(yīng)為我真該和你一起

34、去展覽會(huì)。18- Mum ， I have passed the exam-A That's all rightB CongratulationsC You are luck第7頁(yè)共10頁(yè)7DGood luck to you答案B.19 - I think I have to leave. I hope we can get together again - A All rightB That's all rightC OKDI hope so， too答案D.20. Must I wait till he comes back?A. No ， you needn't

35、B. No， you mustn't C. No， you maynot D. No， you can't答案A.析 must 提問表示必須這樣做嗎 ?而肯定句要用 must ， 表示必須做，而否定句則要用 needn't 表示沒有必要做。21 - I pay you the house rent right away? - Yes ， you have to do itA. Shall B. Way C. Must D. Have答案C.22 - It was cold yesterday - A. So was itB. So it wasC. I believe

36、not so D. I believe not答案 B.析 當(dāng)答語(yǔ)只是重復(fù)對(duì)方講的話時(shí)，則不用倒裝。因so it was即為：是的，天氣昨天很冷。而當(dāng)講前面講的動(dòng)作也適合于另一個(gè)人時(shí)，則要倒裝。如：I went to the cinema yesterdaySo did I表示對(duì)方去了電影院，我也去了。23 - What do you think of the song?- AI like music very muchBI like it tooCWith pleasureDIt sounds sweet答案 D.析 sound在這里是系動(dòng)詞，為聽起來很甜美。系動(dòng)詞后要用形容詞，而不要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。24 Do you like tea or coffee? AYes， I doBThank youCThat