(完整word版)初中英語非謂語動詞講解(2)

1、1非謂語動詞之“動詞不定式”詳解非謂語動詞就是不充當(dāng)謂語的動詞，分兩種。一是動詞不定式。二是動詞 一、動詞不定式1) 作主語To lear n En glish well is not easy.或 It is not easy to lear n En glish well.說明動詞不定式作主語時，往往用 it 作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型：e.g. It is + adj.+動詞不定式如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用 for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2) 作表語(表語用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常

2、由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞的-ing 形式、不定式、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于系動詞(be, become, appear, seem, look,sound, feel, get, smell 等詞)之后。)e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3 )作賓語或者賓語補足語e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4 )作定語： e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5 )作狀語： e.

3、g. He stopped to have a look.說明動詞不定式的否定形式： not + to +動詞原形構(gòu)成e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞 who, what, which 和疑問副詞 when, where, how, why 等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。e.g.He does nknow how to use the machi ne.(2) How to use the mach ine is a questi on.(3) The questi on is whe n

4、to go there.3、省去了 to 的動詞不定式1) let, have, make+do2) 感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則 to 不能省掉。e.g. I saw him dance. =He was see n_to dance.e.g. The boss made them work the whole ni ght.=They were made to_work the whole ni ght.3) would rather， had bett

5、er + do4、動詞不定式的特殊句型：1) too to +to do : e.g. He is too excited to speak.2)eno ugh to do : e.g. The child is old eno ugh to go to school.3)Why not +doe.g. Why not take a holiday?4)so as (not) to do: 表示目的e.g. Go in quietly so as not to wakethe baby.5、不定式的難點：1) 用作介詞的“ to”：比如說 look forward to ; pay atte

6、nti on to; devote on eself tobe/get used to ,后面都是 +do ing 的!ing 形式。22) Its for sb.和 Its of sb.的區(qū)別二、動詞 ing 形式：動詞 ing 形式分為兩種，一是動名詞，二是現(xiàn)在分詞1 動詞的-ing 形式用作動名詞：動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形加-ing 構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用，可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。1 ）動名詞作主語：e.g. Walki ng is good exercise.走路是很好的運動2） 動名詞作表語e.g. My favorite spor

7、t is swimmi ng.我最喜歡的運動是游泳。3） 動名詞作賓語：e.g. Jim dislikes eating chocolate.吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。e.g. She can t help crying at a sad movie.她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭。說明有些動詞和動詞短語只能接動名詞。e.g.admit, fini sh, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, feel like,be used to, look forward to, prefer t

8、o,。6）動名詞作定語：動名詞可以單獨作定語，就像形容詞一樣。e.g. a smiling face 笑臉 swimming pool 游泳池dining-car 餐車2 動詞的-ing 形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing 分詞通常用作賓語補足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進行。這種用法通常用在下列動詞中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observee.g.1） There we found him watching TV.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。2） I heard some one knocking

9、at the door. 我聽見有人在敲門。3.動詞 ing 形式和動名詞之間的比較： 下面這些動詞，后面接不定式或動名詞意思都是一樣的：begi n to dobeg in doingcon ti nue to docontinue doingstart to dostart doingF 面這些動詞，后面接不定式或動名詞意思是不一樣的:stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingbe afraid to dobe

10、 afraid doing【專練】1. Do nt forgetthe letter.A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable toA. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on3. Is_n ecessary to retur n the book tomorrow?A. thisB. thatC. itD. which4. Im afraid they would not allow himhere.

11、A. to smokeB. smok ingC. smokesD. smoke5. Mother told methe water before I drank it.A. boili ngB. boiledC. boilD. to boil36. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not

12、drinkingD. drinking8. He _ two million yuan _ a vase at the auction.A. spent, buyB. cost, buyingC. paid, buyD. spent, buying9. The first thing I want to do is _A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him10. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. was

13、hD. to be washing11. _ is one thing, _ is quite another.A. To say, to doB. Say, doC. Said, didD. To say, do12. I ll try _ _ the same mistakes again.A. to not makeB. not makeC. not to makeD. not making13. It s too hard _ it by himself.A. not to doB. to doC. that I doD. doing14. It s time for sports.

14、Let s_ bowling, shall we?A. goB.to goC. goingD. goes15. .MZhr ou, you d better_ too much sugar. You are already overweight,A. not to eatB.to eatC. not eat D. eat1 If you keep _(fight) with him, you may hurt yourself.2 The students are busy _(prepare) for the coming exam.3 His duty is _ (save) the si

15、ck people.4 I have nothing _ (send) you.5 They were made _ (work) ten hours a day.6 No one knows what _ (do) next.【提高題】I.選擇題。1. The doctor came_ _ our eyes.A. to examineB. for examiningC. as to examineD.examining2. Our teacher always makes us _ hard.A. to workB. workC. workingD.worked3._ our classro

16、om once a week is necessary.A. CleaningB. CleanCleanedD.To clean4._ is our duty _ good service to customersA. That, to giveB. This, givingC. It, to giveD.It, giving5.It took years_ the highrise.A. for our buildingB. for us in buildingC. to buildD. building6.Their wish is _a house of their own.A. to

17、haveB. for havingC. haveD. of having7. The teacher agreed _ us_ the test papers home.A to let, takeB. to let, to takeC. letting, takeD.let, takesaid the doctor.48. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _ me his bicycle.A. lendingB. lentC. to lend9. I dont like_ people _ about their neighbours.A.

18、hear, talkingB. to hear, talkingC. to hear, to talk10. I havent decided _A. to take which trainB. which to take a trainC. which train to takeD. which train taken11. You must remember_ me a phone call as soon as you get there.A. givingB. to give C. gave12. Professor Brown taught his students_ English

19、, and he learnedthem.A. how to speak, speakingB. how to speak, to speakC. how speaking, speakingD. how speak, to speak13. Sorry, I forgot_ you that the party wouldnt be held tonight. Thats all right. Mary has told me about it.A. tellingB. I toldC. told14. I wonder_ him or not.A. if inviteB. whether

20、to inviteC to invite15.I hope_ yourself.A. you to manageB. for you to manageC. you managing D. that you can manage16. Would you like _you the way there? Its kind of you. Thank you.A. me showingB. that I showC. me show17. The old man said that hed prefer_alone in the country rather than live with his

21、 son in the city.21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried_ more exercises_ .A. to find, to doB. finding, to doC. to find, she didD. finding, done22. The policeman told Smith _ after drinking.A. to not driveB. not drivingC. not driveD. not to drive23. Tom kept quiet about his m

22、istake_ lose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to24. Pat should love _ little Jim to the theatre this evening.A. to takeB. takingC. that he would take25. We enjoy _very much, because it is good for our health.A. runB. runningC. to runD. in lendingD. hearing, talkedD.

23、give_ Chinese fromD. to tellD. if to inviteD. me to showA. livingB. to liveC. that he livesD. for him to live18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growingD. to grow19. Since nobody told her_ , she came to our help.A. what she didB. to do whatC. what t

24、o doD. what she to do20. My aunt showed me _A. how to make a dressB. how a dress be madeC. how making a dressD. how a dress madeD. for him to takeD. ran526. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _ .A. turn it offB. to turn it offC. that I turned it off27. They were very tired and stopped

25、_ under a big tree.A. restingB. to restC. rest28. Would you mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell meB. telling C. to tell29. He promised_ a doctor for my son.A. me to getB. that he got me C. me getting30. Father told the boy _the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he gaveB

26、. to give C. giving31._that money for his education, his parents worked hardeven after their days work.A. For gettingB. GetC. So as to getD. In order to get32. I think you are_ meals yourself.A. enough old to cookB. old enough to cookC. old enough for cookingD. enough old cooking33. The maths proble

27、m is_ difficult_ .A. so, as to work outB. very , to work outC. too, to work outD. quite, worked out34. Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didnt hear him in.A. comingB. cameC. to comeD. come35. Have you anything important_ us?A. to tellB. tellingC. told usD. you tell36. Do you know

28、about Captain Ed Mitchell? 202 Yes. He was the sixth man _on the moon.A. walkingB. walkedC. to walkD. of walking37. It is nice_her_so.A. for, to sayB. for, sayingC. of, to sayD. of, said38. Isnt it a nice way_ the hard problem?A. to solveB. in solvingC. solveD. solving39. Youd better_ her about her

29、own health now.A. not to tellB. not tellC. to not tellD. to tell not40. What a coincidence! Dr. Brown happened_ the doctor I was looking for.A. he was B. being C. to be D. to beingII. 填空題。1. Factories do not let out dirty water_ （ 為了不污染河流 ）.2. Her job is _ . （照顧醫(yī)院里患病的孩子 ）3. In the supermarket the co

30、llege students learned_. （ 如何為顧客服務(wù) ）4. There were so many toys that Judy didnt know_ . （ 挑選哪一個 ）.5. The only trouble is_. （ 如何保護這些電腦 ）6. He will save money _ .（ 為了支付將來的大學(xué)費用 ）7. The nurse_ . （ 不允許孩子們玩火柴 ）8. This medicine will_.（ 幫你入睡 ）9. They will be sent_ （ 到非洲當(dāng)醫(yī)療隊員 ）.D. that I should turn it offD.

31、that they would restD. if tellingD. me that he gotD. gave.610. The boy asked his teacher_ .（ 讓他自己修理冰箱 ）11. The question is_ . （ 是否讓孩子們自己解決這個問題 ）.12. This telephone is_. （ 足夠小可以放進口袋 ）13. This book will tell you _ . （ 如何使這臺電腦儲存信息 ）14. I _. （沒有回答試卷上的最后一個問題）15. It is not easy _ . （ 一個人戒煙 ）16. You can ta

32、ke a taxi there_ _ . （ 而不是步行去 ）17. The underground train is _ . （ 足夠快可在 20 分鐘內(nèi)從我們學(xué)校行駛到體育場 ）.18. The lecture hall is _ . （太小容納不下 500 個學(xué)生）19. Julia hurried to school_. （ 沒有吃早餐 ）.20. I told the students_. （不要將罐頭和飲料瓶扔進河里）21. Thomas _ . （有許多問題要問老師 ）22. Do you know the saying “ _ .” （活到老學(xué)到老）23.Jack saw _

33、. （牛跑回來 ）24. Athens ran all the way_ （ 把好消息告訴他的人民 ）.25. He was the first man _ . （ 騎騎自行車做環(huán)球旅行 ）26. They enjoy_ . （ 爬山和野營 ）27. As soon as the teacher entered, he asked_（ 我們停止講話 ）.28._ （ 在一個半小時內(nèi)做完這份試卷） is almost impossible.29. We were happy_. （ 看到他們回到營地 ）30. Would you mind _. ？ （我在你辦公室打電話 ）7答案：I.1. A2. B3. D 4. C5. C6. A7. A8. C9. B10. C11. B12. B 13. D14. B15. D16. D17. B 18. A19. C20. A 21.A 22.D 23.B 24. A 25.B 26.B 27.B 28.B 29.A 30.B31. D32. B33. C34. D 35. A36. C37. C 38. A 39. B 40. CII.1. so as not to pollute the rivers2.to take care of the sick childr