一輪虛擬語氣

1、虛擬語氣可用于條件句和其它一些從句中。虛擬語氣可用于條件句和其它一些從句中。虛擬語氣用于條件句中比較多，情況也比虛擬語氣用于條件句中比較多，情況也比較復(fù)雜，所以要特別加以注意。首先要判較復(fù)雜，所以要特別加以注意。首先要判斷一下是否應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，因?yàn)闂l件句斷一下是否應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，因?yàn)闂l件句分為兩種，一種是分為兩種，一種是真實(shí)條件句，真實(shí)條件句，一種是一種是非非真實(shí)條件句，真實(shí)條件句，只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才用只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才用虛擬語氣，在真實(shí)條件句中，要用陳述語虛擬語氣，在真實(shí)條件句中，要用陳述語氣氣。Observe the following sentences and tell wh

2、ether they are real or unreal conditional clauses. If we go on polluting the world, it wont be fit for us to live in.If you are busy doing your homework, I wont interrupt you.If you have finished cleaning the classroom, you can go home now.(Under these conditions, the things are sure to happen.)If t

3、here were a lot of good restaurants in the city, this would make it more attractive. (There arent many good restaurant now.)If a lot of people spoke English, it would be very helpful for tourists. (Not many people can speak English now.)如果假設(shè)的情況完全不存在或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的如果假設(shè)的情況完全不存在或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小可能性很小, ,可以說幾乎沒有時(shí)可以說幾乎沒有時(shí)

4、, ,就需要就需要用虛擬語氣來表達(dá)用虛擬語氣來表達(dá), ,也就是說也就是說, ,這時(shí)的條這時(shí)的條件句是非真實(shí)的條件句。此時(shí)的句子時(shí)件句是非真實(shí)的條件句。此時(shí)的句子時(shí)態(tài)比真實(shí)條件句中的時(shí)態(tài)后退一步。態(tài)比真實(shí)條件句中的時(shí)態(tài)后退一步。一、條件從句和主句中的虛擬語一、條件從句和主句中的虛擬語氣氣 時(shí)間時(shí)間從句從句 主句主句與與相反相反If +主語主語+動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的過去式過去式(be-were)與與相反相反If+主語主語+had +過過去分詞去分詞主語主語 +should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形主語主語+should/would/could/might + have+過去分詞

5、過去分詞與與相反相反If+主語主語+1.動(dòng)詞過去式動(dòng)詞過去式2.were to3.(should) + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形主語主語 +should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形在在if I /he/she/it 之后，可用之后，可用were代替代替was。兩者在意義上沒有區(qū)別，但是兩者在意義上沒有區(qū)別，但是were更為正更為正式，特別是在陳述心存懷疑的事情時(shí)，如：式，特別是在陳述心存懷疑的事情時(shí)，如：If she were ready, we would go.在與將來事實(shí)相反的條件從句中，我們在與將來事實(shí)相反的條件從句中，我們可以用可以用were to或或should

6、+do來表示來表示, ,如如: :If I were to fail my English test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term.If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果有在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果有were，had，should，我們可以將，我們可以將if省略，把這些詞省略，把這些詞置于句首，采用倒裝形式，如置于句首，采用倒裝形式，如:If I should meet her, I would tell her. = Sh

7、ould I meet her, I would tell her. If I were in your position, I would do it better. = Were I in your position, I would do it better.If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded.=Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞所有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件從句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表表示的動(dòng)

8、作和條件從句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作并不同時(shí)發(fā)生，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形示的動(dòng)作并不同時(shí)發(fā)生，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式并不完全按照上述表格來進(jìn)行，而需式并不完全按照上述表格來進(jìn)行，而需要按照各自的時(shí)間來調(diào)整，這樣的句子要按照各自的時(shí)間來調(diào)整，這樣的句子就叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。就叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。e.g.If you had followed the doctors advice, then you would be all right now.If I hadnt finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow.If she had p

9、repared well for her lessons yesterday, she wouldnt have so many difficulties now.有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示, ,而用其它方式來表示而用其它方式來表示, ,這樣的句子叫含蓄這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。條件句。1. 用用with，without, under , but for等介等介詞短語或分詞短語或者獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來詞短語或分詞短語或者獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來代替條件從句。代替條件從句。e.g. We might have died without your help. =We m

10、ight have died if you hadnt helped us. Having known in time, we could have stopped it. = If we had known in time, we could stopped it.We could have done better under more favorable conditions (= if we had been given more favorable conditions). Without your help (= If you hadnt helped me), I couldnt

11、have succeeded. But for the heavy traffic (= If the traffic had not been so heavy), we would have arrived earlier. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy (= if he had not been so busy). 在條件從句中除最常見的連詞之外在條件從句中除最常見的連詞之外,尚尚有下列連詞有下列連詞: otherwise; in case; but that; on condition that;

12、unless; suppose/supposing (that); so long as; provided/providing (that)2. 用相當(dāng)于用相當(dāng)于if 的其他連詞表示虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)的其他連詞表示虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.But that you had offered help, they couldnt have finished their work on time.三、虛擬語氣的常用句型三、虛擬語氣的常用句型1、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中，后的賓語從句中，

13、had done /(could /would have done)wish did /were would / could / might do How I wish I was there with you. I wish I hadnt lost the chance. I wish he would / could / might go with us to the theatre. sb. + had done 2. If only sb. + did / were sb. + would / could do要是我能在一天里把英語學(xué)好就好了。要是我能在一天里把英語學(xué)好就好了。要是我

14、聽了他的建議就好了。要是我聽了他的建議就好了。要是要是Simon能給我回信就好了能給我回信就好了 。 3、 would sooner would rather I would sooner he left on the earlier train. Id rather you went tomorrow. Id rather you hadnt done that.（that ）主語）主語+ had done (過去過去)(that) 主語主語+ did / were ( 現(xiàn)在，將來現(xiàn)在，將來) She is walking slowly as if she were tired.She ta

15、lked about the film as if he had seen it. 主語主語 + had done 4. as if /as though 主語主語 + did /were 主語主語+ would / could / might do 但但as if / as though 后的從句也常用陳述句與其，往往是可能后的從句也常用陳述句與其，往往是可能發(fā)生的或真實(shí)的。發(fā)生的或真實(shí)的。It looks as if we are going to win . 主語主語+ would have done (過去過去) 5. If it were not for ， 如果沒有如果沒有 if

16、it had not been for 主語主語+ should / would do （現(xiàn)在）（現(xiàn)在） If it were not for the rain , the crops would die.If it had not been for your timely help , I would have failed. 6.在狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞后在狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞后在由在由lest, for fear that, in case等引導(dǎo)的從等引導(dǎo)的從句中句中，虛擬語氣的形式為，虛擬語氣的形式為“should +動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”。如：。如： I ran as fast as possible

17、 lest I should be too late. I was afraid to open the door lest he should follow me. He ran away for fear that he should be caught.在由在由in order that, so that或或that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中句中，虛擬語氣的形式為，虛擬語氣的形式為“may / might / could +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。如：。如： In order that everybody may understand it, write it in simple

18、language. I gave him the book so that he might read it on the train.四、固定句式中的運(yùn)用四、固定句式中的運(yùn)用1.表示表示“建議、命令、要求、堅(jiān)決做建議、命令、要求、堅(jiān)決做”等等動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞（如（如demand, suggest, advise, propose, insist, order, request, desire, urge, deserve, recommend, intend等）等）后的后的賓語從句中謂語常用賓語從句中謂語常用“（should +）動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。如：。如： I suggest you (shou

19、ld) have enough sleep. I recommend that everyone (should) attend the party. Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. He made the decision that nothing (should) hold him back. It + be + suggested / demanded + that 引引導(dǎo)的主語從句導(dǎo)的主語從句 suggestion, proposal 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 It i

20、s+ important / necessary + that 從句從句 Its high (about) time + sb. did sth. should do sth Should 不能省略不能省略如：如：I would have given you more money, but I was poor then.I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number.五五. 通過上下文來虛擬通過上下文來虛擬1._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the fil

21、ms so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not2. He came late, otherwise he _ the first bus. A. caught B. would catch C. would have caught D. had caught3. Mary was going to the wedding if her friend _ her. A. hadnt called on B. didnt call at C. didnt call on D. ha

22、dnt called at4. -Lets stop watching the boring TV programme, Jack! -If you dont watch it, I _ , either. A. dont B. wont C. am not D. stop5.-Shall I tell John about the bad news? -No, you _. I think that will make him sad. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt6. Why did you throw the bottle out

23、of the window? You _ somebody. A. might hurt B. could have hurt C. would hurt D. must have hurt 7.-Mum, may I got out and play? -No, you _ . A. wont B. dont C. arent able to D. cant8. From what I hear about their hotel and the weather, they _ their holiday very much. A. would have enjoyed B. shouldnt have enjoyed C. neednt have enjoyed D. cant have enjoyed 9.-Did you hear me come in last night? -No, I _ asleep. A. cant be B. must be C. must h