高一英語 單元單詞短語句型知識梳理 Unit4 大綱人教版第一冊

1、Unit 4要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.appoint vt.挑選某人做某工作，委任；約定講：結(jié)構(gòu):appoint sb.任命某人appoint sb.as/to be.任命某人擔(dān)任appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事例:The president appointed a new director.總經(jīng)理任命了一位新主任。We appointed him(as.to be)chairman.我們選他擔(dān)任主席。The teacher appointed me to call the roll.老師指派我點(diǎn)名。The time appointed for the meeting was 1

2、0:30.規(guī)定的開會時間是10點(diǎn)30分。鏈接·提示appointed adj. 指定的，約定的 at the appointed time在約定的時間；appointment n. 約定，約會 make an appointment with sb.to do sth. 和某人約定做某事;disappoint vt.使失望;disappointment n.失望to ones disappointment令某人失望的事練：An American may feel angry when he has made a(an)_with someone and then finds a lo

3、t of other things happening at the same time.A.decision B.conclusion C.appointment D.date提示:本句話的意思為“美國人在和別人已經(jīng)約定好的時候又發(fā)現(xiàn)同時還有其他事情會很生氣”，根據(jù)短語搭配和語境得出答案。答案:C2.nowhere adv. 無處(相當(dāng)于not anywhere)例:Where are you going at the weekend?周末你打算去哪兒？Nowhere special.無處可去。He was getting nowhere with his homework until hi

4、s sister helped him.他在姐姐的幫助之下作業(yè)才有些進(jìn)步。$20 goes nowhere when you are feeding a family these days.如今要養(yǎng)家的話，二十美元到不了哪兒去。The children were nowhere to be seen.孩子們都沒有影了。He that seeks gains.有所求則有所獲。鏈接·提示當(dāng)位于句首時，要使用主謂語倒裝的形式否定副詞還有not,never,little,seldom,hardly等。練：(2010遼寧高考)Maybe you have been to many countr

5、ies,but nowhere else_ such a beautiful palace.A.can you find B.you could findC.you can find D.could you find提示:本題考查倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。從時間分析，此處應(yīng)該表示現(xiàn)在的情況。因?yàn)閚owhere為否定副詞，位于句首時應(yīng)該使用主謂倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。答案:A3.promote v.提升；晉級；促進(jìn)；助長講：在表示“提升；晉級”時，常用于被動語態(tài)。例:She worked hard and was soon promoted.她工作努力，很快便獲得提升。His assistant was promote

6、d over his head.他的助手獲得了提升，職位超過了他。The football team was promoted to the first division.該足球隊(duì)已晉級為甲級隊(duì)。The organization works to promote friendship between nations.該組織旨在促進(jìn)各國之間的友誼。The company is trying to promote a new product.這家公司在盡力促銷一樣新產(chǎn)品。鏈接·提示以下動詞或短語也表示“提升”。Raise vt.;bring up vt.;go up vi.。在使用時，一

7、定要分清詞性，命題常從語態(tài)入手。練：The instructor was _to professor.A.raising B.promoting C.promoted D.risen提示:此處表示“由講師提升為教授”，故使用promote的被動形式。答案:C4.reward n.& v.報答；報償；報酬；酬金；給某人以報酬、獎賞講：用于reward sb.for(doing)sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。例:He worked hard without any hope of reward.他辛勤工作絲毫不期待報酬。He was given a medal as a reward for his se

8、rvice.他因?yàn)橛泄Χ@頒一枚獎?wù)?。Is that how you reward me for my help?那就是你為了我的幫忙而給我的報酬嗎？Rather than being punished,he should be rewarded.他應(yīng)受獎勵而不是受懲罰。The Nobel Peace Prize for 2003 was rewarded to Shirin Ebadi,because she made a special contribution to fighting for the basic human rights.Shirin Ebadi女士由于為爭取基本人權(quán)作出

9、的努力而被授予2003年度諾貝爾和平獎。鏈接·提示比較:award v. 頒發(fā)；授予；賞給。用法為:award sth. to sb./award sb. sth.。n.獎金練：So why do we_ the people who do them so poorly?There can be only one answerbecause they are women,and the work is so hard.A.punishB.blame C.reward D.claim提示:本題考查動詞辨析。從后面一句話所提供的語境分析，此處用動詞reward，表示“獎賞”。答案:C短語

10、1.pass away 去世(委婉語)例:His mother passed away last year.他母親去年去世了。He passed away peacefully this morning.今天上午他安詳?shù)剡^世了。鏈接·拓展(1)英語和漢語一樣，表達(dá)死亡根據(jù)不同的情況有不同的用詞。普通用詞為die，pass away為委婉的說法。murder為“暗殺”，kill為“殺死”，hang為“絞死”。(2)pass down 把傳給后代;pass on 將某物傳交給某人，繼續(xù)前進(jìn);pass by從旁邊經(jīng)過;pass off消失;pass through穿過練：The custo

11、m has been_from generation to generation.A.passed away B.passed downC.passed by D.passed off提示:根據(jù)句子意思分析，此處用pass down，表示“該風(fēng)俗一代代地傳下去”。其他短語和語境不相吻合。答案:B2.name.after. 給取名；以來命名講：該短語中的介詞after表示“依據(jù)，按照”，在美國英語中可以用for。例:He named his daughter after/for his grandmother.他以祖母的名字來給他女兒取名。The island was named after i

12、ts discoverer,Tasman.這個島是以它的發(fā)現(xiàn)者塔斯曼的名字來命名的。鏈接·拓展和name相關(guān)的短語還有:by name名義上，名叫；by the name of.以之名；in name only僅在名義上；in the name of以的名義。練：Washington,a state in the United States,was named _one of the greatest American presidents, _him.A.after;in honour of B.for;in favor ofC.after;in praise of D.for;i

13、n place of提示:根據(jù)句意和短語搭配作出選擇?！叭A盛頓市是為了紀(jì)念美國的一個總統(tǒng)而以他的名字來命名的?！眓ame after 根據(jù)來命名，in honor of 紀(jì)念。答案:A句型1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句式講：It was the British government that paid for all the equipment.所有設(shè)備都由英國政府付款。It was Joseph Banks who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research.是約瑟夫·班克斯把英國皇家植物園變成了科技和經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心。It was Darw

14、ins visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.達(dá)爾文乘“小獵犬號”去加拉帕戈斯群島的活動使他獲得了創(chuàng)建新理論的鑰匙。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其余部分。注意:(1)該句型可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語以外的各種成分。(2)如果原句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，就用is；如果是過去時態(tài)，就用was。(3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時，可用that或who，其他一律用that。(4)如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是原句的主語，that/who之后的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上與原主語一致。例:

15、It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.重要的是做這項(xiàng)工作的能力，而不是你來自哪里，是干什么的。It was for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.正是由于這種原因，她叔叔搬出了紐約，在一個小村里定居。Was it in the morning that they arrived there?他們是在今天早晨到那兒的嗎？What

16、 is it that you want me to say?你想讓我說的到底是什么？鏈接·提示特別要注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語從句的區(qū)別。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可在不增加任何成分的前提下還原成陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)，而定語從句不可。在沒有把握時可以進(jìn)行句型的轉(zhuǎn)換，來確定是什么句型，據(jù)此選用正確的引導(dǎo)詞。練：(1)(2010成都診斷檢測)Whether you believe it or not,it is _that causes your illness.A.because of your overweightB.your being overweightC.because you are overweightD

17、.you are so overweight提示:本題考查非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語的用法。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的謂語為causes，所以使用v.ing形式作主語。答案:B(2)(2010華南師大附中綜合測試)It was with great joy_ he received the news_ his lost daughter had been found.A.because;that B.since;whichC.for;about D.that;that提示:本題考查名詞性從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別用法。第一個that構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，第二個 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說

18、明news的具體內(nèi)容。答案:D2.although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句講：請觀察下面教材原句:Although his experiments were designed to support the ideas concerning the influence of environment upon plants,he found that many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next,without influence by the environment.Selfcontrol is courage

19、under another form.克制是另一種形式下的勇氣。雖然他的試驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖菫榱蓑?yàn)證環(huán)境對植物的影響，但是他卻發(fā)現(xiàn)許多特性是代代相傳的，并不受環(huán)境的影響。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然”。although引導(dǎo)的從句不能與but,however連用，但可以與yet,still連用。例:Although it was snowing,it was not very cold.盡管下著雪，但并不冷。I was late for the last train although I hurried.雖然我拼命趕路，還是沒搭上最后一班火車。鏈接·提示注意比較although和

20、though的區(qū)別:though,although均引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”，although較正式，though較常用。though還可以與別的詞結(jié)合使用，如even though，as though,而although則不能這樣搭配。though可以用作副詞位于句尾，作“但是、不過”解，還可以用在倒裝句中,although不可。練：_I prefer a color TV,I have decided to buy a black and white one this time.A.When B.Although C.Because D.If提示:本題考查狀語從句的連詞用法。根據(jù)句子

21、的意思分析，此處應(yīng)該表示讓步，“盡管還是”，所以使用although。答案:B辨析1.look out for,look out兩個短語都可以表示“當(dāng)心”，look out表達(dá)此意思時，為不及物動詞短語，而look out for后面必須跟名詞或代詞作賓語。look out往外看；當(dāng)心；挑選He stood at the window and looked out(at the view).他站在窗前向外望(觀看景色)。Look out! 當(dāng)心！He looked out some books for a friend in hospital.他為住院的朋友選一些書。look out for

22、當(dāng)心；留意Look out for cars when crossing the street.過街時當(dāng)心車輛。即時練習(xí):_ your step,or you might fall into the water.A.Look out B.Take careC.Mind D.Notice提示:此句為“腳下留意”的意思。look out,take care后不能直接跟賓語。答案:C2.expense,costexpense n. “花費(fèi)；代價；費(fèi)用”，表示“花費(fèi)的錢”時為可數(shù)名詞。短語at sb.s expense由某人付錢；at great/little/no expense 花費(fèi)很大很小沒有花費(fèi)；at the expense of在損失的情況下。expensive adj.昂貴的cost n.“價錢；價格；費(fèi)用”，這時和expense通?？梢該Q用，cost還可以表示“代價、