(完整版)英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解

1、英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 概念：表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（ 1）主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞（is / am / are） +表語(yǔ)（ 2 ）主語(yǔ)+ 行為動(dòng)詞的原形或單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式+其他（ 3 ） There be 句型： There is / are +n. +介詞短語(yǔ)is / are 根據(jù) n. 的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。否定形式：（ 1 ） am / is /are + not ； 2） 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don t ， 如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)， 則用doesnt,同時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞還原為原形。 3） 3） There is / are not +n.

2、+介詞短語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句：（1 ）把 is / am / are 動(dòng)詞放于句首；（2）用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用does,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；（ 3 ）There is / are +n. +介詞短語(yǔ): is / are 動(dòng)詞放于句首。3 .標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：（ 1） on + 星期 s = every 星期（2） once /twice/three times a week （month / year ）（ 3 ）頻度副詞always / usually / often / sometimes=at times= （every）once in a while /seldom / n

3、ever （不絕對(duì)）（ 4 ） in the mornings / afternoons / evenings = every morning / afternoon/ evening4 .用法：（ 1 ）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning.（ 2 ）表示客觀真理，客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)。如： The earth moves around the sun.（ 3 ）表示格言或警句。如： Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)　Ｗ⒁猓捍擞梅ㄈ绻霈F(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句

4、是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： Columbus proved that the earth is round.（ 4 ）表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性等。如： I don t want so much.Ann writes good English but does not speak well.（ 5 ）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)含義 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

5、When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)句中。如： When Bill comes （不是 will come）, ask him to wait for me.I ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.二一般過(guò)去時(shí)1. 概念： 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)； 過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、 經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或行為。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（ 1 ）主語(yǔ) + was / were + 表語(yǔ)（ 2 ）主語(yǔ) + 行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其他（ 3） There be 句型 :There was / were

6、+n. +介詞短語(yǔ)（4）主語(yǔ)+could+動(dòng)詞原形（ 5 ）主語(yǔ) +used to do sth否定形式：（ 1 ） was / were + not ；（2）在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn t ，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。（3） There was / were not +n. +介詞短語(yǔ)（4）主語(yǔ)+could not +動(dòng)詞原形（ 5 ）主語(yǔ) +used not to do sth 或主語(yǔ) +didn t use to do sth一般疑問(wèn)句：（ 1 ） was 或 were 放于句首；（ 2 ）用助動(dòng)詞do 的過(guò)去式 did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；（ 3 ） There was / were +n.

7、+介詞短語(yǔ) :was 或 were 放于句首；（ 4 ） could 放于句首；（5） Used 主語(yǔ) + to do sth 或 Did+主語(yǔ) +use to do sth3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：（ 1 ） last 短語(yǔ)（2）時(shí)間段+ago （ 3） yesterday 及 yesterday 短語(yǔ)（4） at the age of = when sb. was+年齡（5） in one ' s teens /twenties（ 6 ）固定短語(yǔ)：just now=a moment ago, one day, from then on, at that time, the daybefore

8、yesterday, before, long before, in the past , in the / early old days, in the ancient days, in the ancient + 國(guó)家， long long ago = once upon a time （ 故事的開(kāi)頭）4. 用法：（ 1 ）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如： Where did you go just now?（ 2 ）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如： When I was a child, I often played football in the str

9、eet.注意： used to do sth “過(guò)去常常做某事”，表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。如： Mother used not to be so forgetful. 媽媽過(guò)去沒(méi)這么健忘。（ 3 ）用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句a. 由 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如： His mother was cooking when he came back.b. 由 since/before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句， 從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)， 主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如： I have made many friends since I came to China

10、.It has been/is 15 years since I was a teacher.It has been/is 15 years before he knew it. 不知不覺(jué) 15 年過(guò)去了。c. 由 when / by the time/ before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用 過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。如： The plane had taken off when / by the time we arrived at the airport.The Enlish class had begun before I got to school.三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 概念：

11、表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ am / is /are + doing否定形式：主語(yǔ)+ am / is / are + not + doing一般疑問(wèn)句：把be 動(dòng)詞放于句首。3. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：（1） now at this time = at this / the moment （3） Look!/Look at ！（4） Listen! / Listen to ! （5） these days / months / years （6） It is+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)/日期/星期4. 用法：（ 1 ）表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。如： We are wait

12、ing for you.（ 2 ）表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。如： Mr Green is writing another novel. （ 說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并不一定在寫(xiě)小說(shuō) ）（ 3 ）表示動(dòng)作的漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。如： The leaves are turning red.It s getting warmer and warmer.（ 4 ） 與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用， 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀色彩。如： You ar

13、e always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。（ 5 ）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)下列動(dòng)詞 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)。如： I m leaving tomorrow.四過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。如： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ was / were + doing否定形式：主語(yǔ) + was / we

14、re + not + doing一般疑問(wèn)句：把was 或 were 放于句首。3. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：（ 1 ） at that time （ 2） at this time+ 過(guò)去的時(shí)間（ 3） It was+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn) / 日期 / 星期 （過(guò)去 ）（ 4 ） from A 時(shí)間 to B 時(shí)間 +過(guò)去的時(shí)間4. 用法：（ 1 ）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。如： We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.（ 2 ） 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。 時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、 副 詞或從句來(lái)表示。如： Wha

15、t was she doing at nine o clock yesterday? （介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)）She was doing her homework then. （副詞表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)）When I saw him he was decorating his room. （when 從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn) ）（ 3 ） 在復(fù)合句中， 如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的， 那么主從句的 動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. （ 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的 ） He was cleani

16、ng his car while I was cooking. （兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從 句的動(dòng)作過(guò)程中）五一般將來(lái)時(shí)1. 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（ 1 ）主語(yǔ) + am / is / are / going to do sth （2 ）主語(yǔ)+ will do sth（ 3 ）主語(yǔ)+ am / is /are t to do sth （ 4 ）主語(yǔ) + am / is /are about to do sth否定形式：（ 1 ）主語(yǔ) + am / is /are + not + going to do sth （ 2）主語(yǔ)+

17、 will not （ won t） do sth（ 3 ）主語(yǔ)+ am / is /are not t to do sth（ 4）主語(yǔ)+ am / is /are not about to do sth一般疑問(wèn)句：（ 1 ） am / is / are 放于句首；（2） will 置于句首。（ 3） am / is / are 放于句首；（4） am / is / are 放于句首；2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：（ 1 ） tomorrow 及其短語(yǔ)、 the day after tomorrow （ 2） next 短語(yǔ)（ 3 ）固定短語(yǔ)：one day, someday = some day, in

18、the future, from now / today on, beforelong, sometime, in + 時(shí)間段（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后）, in following+ 時(shí)間段4. will 主要用于以下三個(gè)方面：（ 1 ）表示主觀意愿的將來(lái)。如： They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.（ 2 ）表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀的將來(lái)。如： Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.He will be thirty years old this time next year.（ 3 ）表示臨時(shí)決定，通

19、常用于對(duì)話(huà)中。（ Mary has been ill for a week.（ Oh, I didn t know. I will go and see her.5. be going to 主要用于以下兩個(gè)方面：（ 1 ）表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。如： Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。（ 2 ）表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發(fā)生，表示推測(cè)。如： Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.6. 用于狀語(yǔ)從

20、句由 when /as soon as / begore / after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或者 if, unless, as/ so longas 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或從句為祈使句， 再或者從句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。（可理解為主將從現(xiàn)、主祈從現(xiàn)、主情從現(xiàn)）如：Don t trouble troubles until trouble troubles you.He will help you out whenever you have problems.I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.六

21、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1. 概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（ 1 ）主語(yǔ) + was / were / going to do sth （ 2 ）主語(yǔ) + would do sth否定形式：（ 1 ）主語(yǔ) + was / were / not + going to do sth （ 2 ）主語(yǔ) + would + not + do sth一般疑問(wèn)句：（ 1 ） was 或 were 放于句首；（ 2） would 提到句首。3. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： the next day （morning, year）, the following month （week） 等。4.

22、 用法：（ 1 ）“ would + 動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來(lái)。如： He said he would come to see me. 他說(shuō)他要來(lái)看我。（2）“ was / were + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。如： She said she was going to start off at once.I was told that he was going to return home.此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來(lái)看，很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。如： It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看來(lái)好像要下雨。（3）

23、 come， go， leave ， arrive ， start 等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。如： He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.She told me she was coming to see me.七現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果， 或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始持 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ have / has + done +其他否定形式：主語(yǔ)+ have / has + not +done +其他一般疑問(wèn)句： Have / H

24、as +主語(yǔ)+ done +其他4. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：（ 1 ） already （用于肯定句）yet （否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句）（2） just, ever, before, never（ 3 ） so far=up to now = until / till now = by now （ 4） over/ in the past /last + 時(shí)間段（ 5 ） by + 時(shí)間（ 6） by the end of + 現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間（7） since +過(guò)去時(shí)間（如具體的年、 月、 日、 鐘點(diǎn)等， 如： 1980, last month, half past six）（8） since +一段時(shí)間+ a

25、go （ 9） recently = lately （ 10） in recent + 時(shí)間段5. 特殊用法：（ 1 ） 由 since/before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句， 從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如： I have made many friends since I came to China.It has been/is 15 years since I was a teacher.It has been/is 15 years before he knew it. 不知不覺(jué) 15 年過(guò)去了。（ 2 ）用于由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,先行詞前有形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾。如： Y

26、ou re the best teacher that has ever taught me.6. 比較 since 和 forsince 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間， for 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度。如： We haven t had any guests since we moved in here.I have lived here for more than twenty years.注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I worked here for more than twenty years. （ 我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。 ）7. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)

27、換：leave - be away from borrow - keep buy - have begin/start - be ondie - be dead finish - be over open sth - keep sth openjoin be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu) 或be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu)fall ill / asleep - be ill / asleepget up-be upcatch / get a cold - have a cold come here - be here go there - be there become / get +adj. - be+adj come back - be back get to/ arrive/reach - be （