房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人和銷售代理

1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外 文 翻 譯原文Real Estate Brokers and Sales AgentsNature of the Work One of the most complex and significant financial events in peoples' lives is the purchase or sale of a home or investment property. Because of the complexity and importance of this transaction, people typically seek the h

2、elp of real estate brokers and sales agents when buying or selling real estate.Real estate brokers and sales agents have a thorough knowledge of the real estate market in their communities. They know which neighborhoods will best fit clients' needs and budgets. They are familiar with local zonin

3、g and tax laws and know where to obtain financing for the purchase of property. Brokers and agents do the same type of work, but brokers are licensed to manage their own real estate businesses. Agents must work with a broker. They usually provide their services to a licensed real estate broker on a

4、contract basis. In return, the broker pays the agent a portion of the commission earned from the agent's sale of the property. Brokers, as independent businesspeople, often sell real estate owned by others; they also may rent or manage properties for a fee. When selling property, brokers and age

5、nts arrange for title searches to verify ownership and for meetings between buyers and sellers during which they agree to the details of the transactions. In a final meeting, the new owners take possession of the property. Agents and brokers also act as intermediaries in price negotiations between b

6、uyers and sellers. They may help to arrange financing from a lender for the prospective buyer, which may make the difference between success and failure in closing a sale. In some cases, brokers and agents assume primary responsibility for finalizing, or closing, sales, but typically this function i

7、s done by lenders or lawyers. Agents and brokers spend a significant amount of time looking for properties to buy or sell. They obtain listingsagreements by owners to place properties for sale with the firm. When listing a property for sale, agents and brokers compare the listed property with simila

8、r properties that recently sold, to determine a competitive market price for the property. Following the sale of the property, both the agent who sold it and the agent who obtained the listing receive a portion of the commission. Thus, agents who sell a property that they themselves have listed can

9、increase their commission.Before showing residential properties to potential buyers, agents meet with them to get an idea of the type of home the buyers would like, and how much the buyers can afford to spend. They may also ask buyers to sign a loyalty contract, which states that the agent will be t

10、he only one to show houses to the buyer. An agent or broker then generates lists of properties for sale, their location and description, and available sources of financing. In some cases, agents and brokers use computers to give buyers a virtual tour of properties that interest them. Agents may meet

11、 numerous times with prospective buyers to discuss and visit available properties. Agents identify and emphasize the most pertinent selling details. To a young family looking for a house, for example, they may emphasize the convenient floor plan, the area's low crime rate, and the proximity to s

12、chools and shopping. To a potential investor, they may point out the tax advantages of owning a rental property and finding a renter. If negotiation over price becomes necessary, agents must follow their client's instructions thoroughly and may present counteroffers to reach the final sales pric

13、e.Once the buyer and seller have signed a contract, the real estate broker or agent must ensure that all terms of the contract are met before the closing date. If the seller agrees to any repairs, the broker or agent ensures they are made. Increasingly, brokers and agents must deal with environmenta

14、l issues as well, such as advising buyers about lead paint on the walls. In addition, the agent must make sure that any legally mandated or agreed-upon inspections, such as termite and radon inspections, take place. Loan officers, attorneys, and other people handle many details, but the agent must e

15、nsure that they are carried out.Most real estate brokers and sales agents sell residential property. A small numberusually employed in large or specialized firmssell commercial, industrial, agricultural, or other types of real estate. Every specialty requires knowledge of that particular type of pro

16、perty and clientele. Selling, buying, or leasing business property requires an understanding of leasing practices, business trends, and the location of the property. Agents who sell, buy, or lease industrial properties must know about the region's transportation, utilities, and labor supply. Wha

17、tever the type of property, the agent or broker must know how to meet the client's particular requirements.Training, In every State and the District of Columbia, real estate brokers and sales agents must be licensed. Prospective agents must be high school graduates, be at least 18 years old, and

18、 pass a written test administered by the State.Education and training. Agents and brokers must be high school graduates. In fact, as real estate transactions have become more legally complex, many firms have turned to college graduates to fill positions. A large number of agents and brokers have som

19、e college training. Most universities, colleges, and community colleges offer various courses in real estate. Some offer associate and bachelors degrees in real estate, but mostly they offer certificate programs. Additionally, college courses in finance, business administration, statistics, economic

20、s, law, and English are also helpful. For those who intend to start their own company, business courses such as marketing and accounting are as important as courses in real estate or finance.Many local real estate associations that are members of the National Association of Realtors sponsor courses

21、covering the fundamentals and legal aspects of the field. Advanced courses in mortgage financing, property development and management, and other subjects also are available. Also, some brokerage firms offer formal training programs for both beginners and experienced agents. In addition, much of the

22、training needed to learn the practical aspects of the trade happens on the job, under the direction of an experienced agent, who may demonstrate how to use a computer to locate or list available properties and identify sources of financing. Licensure. In every State and the District of Columbia, rea

23、l estate brokers and sales agents must be licensed. Prospective brokers and agents must pass a written examination. The examinationmore comprehensive for brokers than for agentsincludes questions on basic real estate transactions and the laws affecting the sale of property. Most States require candi

24、dates for the general sales license to complete between 30 and 90 hours of classroom instruction. To get a broker's license an individual needs between 60 and 90 hours of formal training and a specific amount of experience selling real estate, usually 1 to 3 years. Some States waive the experien

25、ce requirements for the broker's license for applicants who have a bachelor's degree in real estate.State licenses typically must be renewed every 1 or 2 years; usually, no examination is needed. However, many States require continuing education for license renewals. Prospective agents and b

26、rokers should contact the real estate licensing commission of the State in which they wish to work to verify the exact licensing requirements.Other qualifications. Personality traits are as important as academic background. Brokers look for agents who have a pleasant personality and a neat appearanc

27、e. They must be at least 18 years old. Maturity, good judgment, trustworthiness, honesty, and enthusiasm for the job are required to attract prospective customers in this highly competitive field. Agents should be well organized, be detail oriented, and have a good memory for names, faces, and busin

28、ess particulars. A good knowledge of the local area and its neighborhoods is a clear advantage. Advancement. As agents gain knowledge and expertise, they become more efficient in closing a greater number of transactions and increase their income. In many large firms, experienced agents can advance t

29、o sales manager or general manager. People who earn their broker's license may open their own offices. Others with experience and training in estimating property values may become real estate appraisers, and people familiar with operating and maintaining rental properties may become property man

30、agers. (See the Handbook statements on property, real estate, and community association managers; and appraisers and assessors of real estate.) Experienced agents and brokers with a thorough knowledge of business conditions and property values in their localities may enter mortgage financing or real

31、 estate investment counseling.Employment change. Employment of real estate brokers and sales agents is expected to grow 14 percent during the 2008-18 decade, faster than average for all occupations. A growing population, particularly young adults who will be forming households in greater numbers, wi

32、ll require the services of real estate agents and brokers to buy their homes. Home sales will be sparked by the continuing desire for people to own their own homes and their perception that real estate will be a good investment over the long run. However, job growth will be somewhat limited by the i

33、ncreasing use of the Internet, which is improving the productivity of agents and brokers, and transforming the way they do business. For example, prospective customers often can perform their own searches for properties that meet their criteria by accessing real estate information on the Internet. J

34、ob prospects. In addition to job growth, a large number of job openings will arise from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or leave the labor force. Real estate brokers and sales agents are older, on average, than most other workers, and many are expected to leave the occu

35、pation over the next decade. Employment of real estate brokers and sales agents is sensitive to swings in the economy, such as a recession. During periods of declining economic activity or rising interest rates, the volume of sales and the resulting demand for sales workers fall. As a result, the in

36、come of agents and brokers declines, and many work fewer hours or leave the occupation altogether. Over the coming decade, the opportunity for part-time work is expected to decline. Although the occupation is relatively easy to enter, increasingly complex legal and technological requirements are rai

37、sing startup costs associated with becoming an agent and making it more difficult for part-time workers to enter the occupation.Well-trained, ambitious people who enjoy sellingparticularly those with extensive social and business connections in their communitiesshould have the best chance for succes

38、s. However, beginning agents and brokers often face competition from their well-established, more experienced counterparts in obtaining listings and in closing an adequate number of salesSource: John, Bill ,2010-11-year career prospects Edition譯文房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人和銷售代理工作性質(zhì)在人們的生活中最復(fù)雜和最重要的金融事件之一是購買或出售或投資一個(gè)物業(yè)。由于交易

39、的復(fù)雜性和重要性，人們通常尋求房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人和銷售代理幫助購買或銷售不動(dòng)產(chǎn)。房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人和銷售代理對(duì)他們的社區(qū)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)深入了解。他們知道哪些街道將最適合客戶的需求和預(yù)算。他們對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貐^(qū)劃和稅收法律熟悉，知道從何處獲得購買物業(yè)融資。經(jīng)紀(jì)人和代理商做同樣的工作，但經(jīng)紀(jì)人被授權(quán)管理他們自己的房地產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)。代理商必須與委托人合作。他們通常會(huì)提供以合約為基礎(chǔ)他們的服務(wù)。作為回報(bào)，委托人支付代理人的傭金比例依從代理的物業(yè)銷售收入。經(jīng)紀(jì)人，作為獨(dú)立的商人，往往出售他人所擁有的房地產(chǎn)，他們也可以租或收取管理費(fèi)。 出售物業(yè)時(shí)，經(jīng)紀(jì)人和代理人安排標(biāo)題搜索，確認(rèn)所有權(quán)和買家賣家之間的期間，他們同意該交易的詳細(xì)情況。在最

40、后一次會(huì)議上，以確定新業(yè)主的財(cái)產(chǎn)。代理商和經(jīng)紀(jì)人也充當(dāng)買方和賣方之間的價(jià)格談判中間人。他們可以幫助或安排一個(gè)準(zhǔn)買家，這可能會(huì)在關(guān)系一個(gè)銷售成功與失敗的差別貸款融資。在某些情況下，經(jīng)紀(jì)人和代理人承擔(dān)主要責(zé)任落實(shí)，或否定，或銷售，但通常這個(gè)功能是由貸款人或律師進(jìn)行。 為出售房地產(chǎn)，代理商和經(jīng)紀(jì)人花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間購買或出售物業(yè)。他們獲得，上市資格后與那家公司協(xié)商出售物業(yè)。當(dāng)列出了需要出售物業(yè)，代理商和經(jīng)紀(jì)人工作就比較類似，就是為物業(yè)確定具有房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格。繼出售的物業(yè)，無論是誰接受代理和代理接收誰都是獲得上市委員會(huì)的一個(gè)部分。因此，代理商無論誰賣他們自己的手上，這些都可以增加自己的傭金。為尋找

41、住宅物業(yè)的潛在買家，代理商與他們會(huì)面，就得到一個(gè)家庭型購房者的想法，有多少是購房者能承受的。他們可能還要求購房者簽署一份忠誠合同，其中規(guī)定，代理人將是唯一一個(gè)展現(xiàn)給買方的房屋代理人或經(jīng)紀(jì)人，然后生成銷售，向他們提供位置和說明，并提供資金來源的財(cái)產(chǎn)清單。在某些情況下，代理和經(jīng)紀(jì)人用電腦給買家物業(yè)虛擬參觀他們感興趣的房產(chǎn)。 代理可能遇到的潛在購房者多次討論，并參觀的情況。代理確定并強(qiáng)調(diào)最相關(guān)的銷售細(xì)節(jié)。例如，一個(gè)年輕的家庭尋找一所房子，他們可能會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)方便的平面圖，該地區(qū)的低罪案率，并離學(xué)校和購物中心近。一個(gè)潛在的投資者，他們可能會(huì)指出，擁有出租房產(chǎn)和尋找租房的稅收優(yōu)惠。如果有必要對(duì)價(jià)格進(jìn)行談判，其

42、代理人必須按照客戶的指示深入講解，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)討價(jià)還價(jià)，達(dá)到最終銷售價(jià)格。 一旦買方和賣方簽訂了合同，房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人或代理人必須確保合同的所有條款都是在截止日期前結(jié)束。如果賣方同意，將進(jìn)行不斷維護(hù)，確保他們的經(jīng)紀(jì)人或代理人作出承諾。越來越多的經(jīng)紀(jì)人和代理人必須處理環(huán)境問題，如含鉛油漆的墻壁等有關(guān)建議。此外，代理人必須確保任何合法授權(quán)的商定，如巡查時(shí)檢查白蟻，氡含量等。貸款人員、律師和其他人處理很多細(xì)節(jié)，但代理人必須確保它們得到執(zhí)行。 大多數(shù)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人和銷售代理銷售住宅物業(yè)，通常還代理大的或?qū)I(yè)公司銷售的商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)、工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)或其他類型房產(chǎn)。各類客戶要求具有專業(yè)的財(cái)產(chǎn)和特定類型的知識(shí)。出售、購買或租賃業(yè)務(wù)收取的租賃財(cái)產(chǎn)，受到商業(yè)趨勢(shì)以及財(cái)產(chǎn)所在地的影響。代理出售、購買，或租賃工業(yè)物業(yè)必須了解該地區(qū)的交通運(yùn)輸、公用事業(yè)、勞動(dòng)供給。不管是什么類型的財(cái)產(chǎn)，代理人或經(jīng)紀(jì)必須知道如何去滿足客戶的特殊要求。培訓(xùn)， 在每一個(gè)州和哥倫比亞特區(qū)，房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人和銷售代理商必須得到許可。有意代理必須高中畢業(yè)，年滿18歲，并通過筆試，由國家管理。教育和培訓(xùn)。 代理商和經(jīng)紀(jì)人必須是高中畢業(yè)生。事實(shí)上，由于房地產(chǎn)交易已變得越來越復(fù)雜的法律，許多企業(yè)紛紛轉(zhuǎn)向大中專畢業(yè)生來填補(bǔ)職位。代理商和經(jīng)紀(jì)人的大量一些大學(xué)的培訓(xùn)。 大多數(shù)大學(xué)，學(xué)院和社區(qū)學(xué)院提供的房地產(chǎn)各種課程。有些提供的聯(lián)系，