英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)一、被動語態(tài)的含義      英語中時態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。所謂“被動語態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于中文中常說的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了?！?，“這座樓房是由他們建造的?！?#160;     二、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)      那么，英語中被動語態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成的呢？請看下面的例句（注意劃線部分）：      His bicycle was stolen.&

2、#160;     The building has been built in 2000.      通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態(tài)”的構(gòu)成是：      be + 過去分詞 + (by+動作執(zhí)行者)      三、被動語態(tài)的運用      什么情況下要用被動語態(tài)呢？一般地說，有下面幾種情況：     

3、; （1） 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如：      Paper is made from wood. （紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來的。）      The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。）      He was wounded in the fight. （他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。）      Elect

4、ricity is used to run machines. （電是用來開動機器的。）      （2） 需要強調(diào)動作的對象時。例如：       Calculator can't be used in the maths exam. （計算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。）      Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準(zhǔn)帶走。）

5、60;     He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比賽中獲得了第一。）      （3）為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提到是誰做的這件事。例如：      The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。）     

6、60;     四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例      一般地講，被動語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運用被動語態(tài)，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態(tài)變化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例如下：      1、 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài). am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞      Our classroom is cleaned every day.    

7、0; This car is made in China.      2、一般過去式的被動語態(tài): was / were + 動詞的過去分詞      His desk was cleaned just now.      The station was built in 1928.      3、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài): am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞  &

8、#160;    A new factory is being built in our city now.      Some trees are being cut down in the park.      4、過去進行時的被動語態(tài): was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞      A new factory was being built in our city at that time

9、.      Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.      5、一般將來時的被動語態(tài):       (A) will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞      (B) am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.     

10、 Some new factories will be built in our city this year.      Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.      6、過去將來時的被動語態(tài): (1).would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (2).was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.      She said that some ne

11、w factories would be built soon in our city.      He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.      7、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞      Some new factories have been built in the city since last y

12、ear.      Your watch has been mended already.      8、過去完成時的被動語態(tài):had + been + 動詞的過去分詞       He said that some new factories had been built in the city.      I didnt know that my watch had been mended .

13、      9、含情態(tài)動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done      例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.       五、如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)      1、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。      例1.  

14、60;    主動語態(tài)：人們說英語。People speak English in many countries.      被動語態(tài)：英語被說。English is spoken in many countries.      例2.       主動語態(tài)：我們造這座橋。We built this bridge last year.      被動語態(tài)：這座橋被建造

15、。This bridge was built last year.      2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。      例1.       主動語態(tài)：小王邀請你(賓語) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.      被動語態(tài)：你(賓語)被邀請。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao

16、Wang.      例2.       主動語態(tài)：你不準(zhǔn)帶走雜志(賓語) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.      被動語態(tài)：雜志(賓語)不準(zhǔn)被帶走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.      例3.   &

17、#160;   主動語態(tài)：他們授給他(賓語)一枚獎?wù)?賓語).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.      被動語態(tài)：他(賓語)被授予一枚獎?wù)? He was given a medal for his wonderful work.      被動語態(tài)：一枚獎?wù)?賓語)被授給了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.   

18、0;被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí) ABC A熟記結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞（pp）”。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持一致。其具體變化為： 一般現(xiàn)在時：amisarepp 一般過去時：waswerepp 一般將來時：shall will be pp 現(xiàn)在完成時：have has been pp 現(xiàn)在進行時：amisarebeingpp 過去將來時：should would be pp 含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞bepp例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speak

19、ing Cspeaks Dis spoken （ The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave B明確用法 被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況： 1不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者； 2強調(diào)動作的承受者。例如： 這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。 The tree _ _ by that boy （C熟練轉(zhuǎn)換 1將主動語態(tài)變

20、被動語態(tài)的基本方法為： 將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語； 謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài)； 主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞之后。（有時by短語可以省略）。 2被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not；特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞一般疑問句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同義句） （ Where did they grow veget

21、ables？（改為被動語態(tài)） Where _ vegetables _ ？ D注意特例 將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個特殊情況： 1含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法： 將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變； 將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。例如： He told us a story（變被動語態(tài)） We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（變被動語態(tài)） A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother 2短語

22、動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustn't _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（變被動語態(tài)） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） （3含有復(fù)合賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補時，不定式

23、符號to必須補上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（變被動He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday （4不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“to be 過去分詞”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt 5以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時要注意詞序：應(yīng)將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如： Who ha

24、s broken the cup？（改為被動語態(tài)） By whom has the cup been broken？ E注意區(qū)別 被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別： 1）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較： The window is broken窗子破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被動語態(tài)） 2）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被 so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，very

25、much，so much，too much修飾。試比較： He was very interested in science他對科學(xué)有極大興趣。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動語態(tài)） F牢記（相關(guān)）句型 初中教材中與被動語態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有： 1be covered with被覆蓋 2be made of由制作（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from由制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某

26、人）制造 3be used for被用來 be used as被當(dāng)作（作為）來使用 be used to do sth被用來做某事 4It is said that據(jù)說 It is hoped that希望 It is well known that眾所周知例如： Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？ YesIt's Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wet Afor

27、 keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 據(jù)說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。 _ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing （四）幾種特殊的被動語態(tài)帶不定式的被動語態(tài)。The child is sure to be punished for that. 那個孩子肯定會因為那件事受罰的。2. 帶介詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。 Such a thing has never been heard of. 這件事前所未聞。3. 帶副詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。The radio has just b

28、een turned off. 收音機剛剛被關(guān)上。 4. 當(dāng)sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等動詞若有狀語well, easily, badly來修飾時，用主動形式表達被動意義。 The pen writes well. 這枝鋼筆寫字流暢。The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)一、選擇題（2×15=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ;

29、build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was

30、 visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B.

31、are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did;

32、written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Olde

33、r people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。（1×20=20分）(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面噢)1.It's said(據(jù)說) that the long bridge_（build）in two

34、months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to th

35、e hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金屬) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Min

36、g already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance). 三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。 （1×30=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改為主動語態(tài)） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my pare

37、nts every year（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換） A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (對劃線提問)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改為被動語態(tài)) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You needn't do it now. (改為被動語態(tài)) It

38、_ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動語態(tài)) Metal _ _ _making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改為被動語態(tài)) I _ _ _ _ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match.The football match _ _ _ by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改為被動語態(tài)) _ a bridge _ her

39、e by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改為被動語態(tài)) The light green dresses _ _ _ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改為被動語態(tài))The game _ _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子，一空一詞。 (1×10=10分)The new bike _ _ _ _ （買給我）by my parents as a present last week _ your mobile

40、phone _ _ _（是國產(chǎn)的嗎）？ The whole mountain is _ _ (覆蓋) the snow.五、下列各句均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正過來。 （10分）I have a lot of homework to be done tonight _Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ _Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people _The music is sounded beautiful. _By who was this new educat

41、ional CD-ROM designed ? _冀教九年級上第五單元英語測驗一 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空20%1. Bill Gates_(devote) himself to the computer business.2. A lot of_(soldier) lost their_(life) in the water.3. In the Anti-Japanese war, Bethune worked in the _(north) part of China .4. The doctor are _(operate) on the patient.5. It is _(produc

42、e) in our country.6. Why is there so much_(血 ) on the floor?7. Is China a _(發(fā)展 ) country?8. There is _(沒有東西 ) in the room.9. Hellen _(樹立 ) an example for us.10. It is _(據(jù)說 ) that there will be a football game at 2:00 this afternoon.二 單項選擇30%1. During his life time, Edison_ 1093 inventions  A. w

43、orked   B. made   C. did     D. gave2. China is famous _ the Great Wall.  A. in     B. for     C. with      D. on  3. It _ that Mr. Smith is dead.  A. say     B

44、. said     C. is said     D. saying4. The boy was not _ to reach the apple.   A. high enough           B. enough high  C. tall enough          &#

45、160;   D. enough tall  5. Edison was a great inventor. He _ to inventing things.  A. give himself              B. gave him  C. devoted himself           D. devo

46、ted him                      6. Who _ the right answer to the question?  A. came up with           B. came up  C. caught up with &

47、#160;        D. find out7. Since then, forty English lessons _in our class.  A. have learned            B. have been learned  C. are learned          

48、   D. learned8. Helens courage and hard work brought _.  A. success     B. money     C. death     D. life9. During your stay at school, its very important not to give up_.  A. question    B. questioning

49、60;  C. to question   D. questioned10. After a few years hard work, they _ in finish building the big bridge.  A. developed    B. succeeded    C. searched     D. observed 11. The room is very clean because it_ by us.  A. was

50、kept              B. is clean  C. is cleaned             D. will be swept12. He was born _ October of 1879 in Germany.  A. on     B. at 

51、0;    C. from       D. in13. She can play _ violin very well.  A. the     B. a       C. /      D. an14. Please remember _ in your paper tomorrow.  A. to hand  

52、B. hand   C. handing    D. handed15.I have a lot of problems_ physics  A. for     B. from     C. with      D. on三完型填空10%In the past, people didn't use stamps. They had to pay money when they received l

53、etters. Rowland Hill, a schoolmaster in England was the first _1_ using stamps. He thought it _2_ much easier for people to use _3_. They could go to the nearby _4_ to buy stamps and put them on envelopes(信封) _5_ they _6_ letters. The post office only put seals(印章) _7_ the stamps so that people coul

54、d not use the stamps _8_. In this way, the post office _9_ send postmen to collect(收) money. It only needed _10_ postmen to deliver(投遞) letters. The government finally accepted(接受) the good idea.( )1. A. to think B. thinking C. to think of D. think about( )2. A. could be B. will be C. is D. was( )3.

55、 A. a stamp B. stamps C. stamp D. stampes( )4. A. a shop B. school C. village D. post office( )5. A. after B. before C. in D. with( )6. A. sent B. send C. to send D. sended( )7. A. in B. over C. on D. above( )8. A. again B. too C. either D. also( )9. A. need not to B. didn't need to C. needed no

56、t to D. didn't need( )10. A. few B. fewer C. many D. much 四.閱讀理解 30% （一）This is a talk by a London taxi(出租車)driver "I've been a taxi driver for nearly ten years. Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis." "It's a nice job most of time. you meet a lot of people. I alwa

57、ys work at night, because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles(英里)outside London and I go to work at 5:30 in the afternoon." "I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning." "Some very strange things happened late at night . The other day I was taking

58、a woman home from a party .She had her little dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key. So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows." "I waited and waited. After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what

59、was going on .I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was a thief(小偷).Luckily the woman came downstairs(下樓).She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog!"1. The driver always worked at

60、night because it was easier to _.A. drive         B. make money       C. climb in through the window D. meet a lot of people2. The woman climbed in through the window because _.A. she wanted to have a sleep B. her husband didn't op

61、en the door for herC. she didn't want to pay the driver D. she couldn't find her key3. The story happened _.A. early in the morning              B. late at nightC.20 miles outside London       

62、;     D. near the police station4. Which of the following is wrong?A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning.B. The police made a mistake.C. The woman had no money to pay the driver.D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.5. The driver climbed in t

63、hrough the window toA. get money from the woman B. return the dog to the womanC. see what was happening in the house D. phone the police（二）There are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California, the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska an