高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法填空思路解析教案

1、2019屆高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法填空課教案主講：李振龍課題高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)分析與解題技巧重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)一、語(yǔ)法填空技巧與方法（難點(diǎn)）二、語(yǔ)法填空核心考點(diǎn)（重點(diǎn)）教學(xué)步驟及教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)步驟及教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)過(guò)程：（一）上次課作業(yè)檢查與分析。（二）課前熱身，檢查學(xué)生對(duì)上堂課的掌握情況。（三）本次課教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語(yǔ)法填空解題思路解析1. 通讀全文，把握大意。既然是通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考語(yǔ)法，那么，我們?cè)诮忸}前，應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文，把握全文大意，這一步非常重要。2. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，試填空格。讀懂短文之后，要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分析思考空格所缺單詞的詞性，再根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，以及句子之間的邏

2、輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定具體要填的單詞和所給詞的正確形式。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，可按設(shè)題類型分為三類情況：(1)純空格試題的解題技巧。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞。然后，再根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。確定填哪類詞有以下7個(gè)技巧：技巧1：缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。如：例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ gets there almost in a second. 解析：and連接前后兩個(gè)句子，and后面的句子缺主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句，不難推知，“馬上可到達(dá)那

3、里”的是the message，替代the message用代詞it。技巧2：名詞前面，若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞)，很可能是填限定詞。如：例2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly. 解析：名詞rice crop前還沒有限定詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)填限定詞；根據(jù)句意，這個(gè)急性子人當(dāng)然是急于使“他的”禾苗長(zhǎng)得快，故填形容詞性物主代詞his。例3the head of the village wa

4、s tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 解析：因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town前還沒有限定詞，應(yīng)填限定語(yǔ)；根據(jù)句意，是指將車?yán)诫x那里大約有20公里遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上去修理，表示“一個(gè)”，用不定冠詞，故填a。技巧3：句子不缺主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞后不缺賓語(yǔ)的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，一定是填介詞。例4 who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house. 解析

5、：因a guest在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，前面一定是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語(yǔ)；又由句意可知，他們“把我當(dāng)作客人”來(lái)接待，表示“當(dāng)作”，用介詞as。技巧4：若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞。例5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析：因與Pablo Picasso (畢加索)與Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波爾蒂納里)這兩個(gè)名詞之間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)填and。

6、 例6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. 解析：因melted me和gave me兩個(gè)動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)之間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，故填and。技巧5：若兩句(一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子)之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。例7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in

7、the two days _I was to return to Guangzhou. 解析：因I wanted to是一個(gè)句子，I was to return也是一個(gè)句子，這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系，可知“參觀這個(gè)城市的盡可能多的地方”應(yīng)是在“返回廣州”之前，故填before。技巧6：若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞(do, does, did等)。例9What is acceptable in one country _be considered

8、extremely rude in another. 解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主語(yǔ)從句，空格后的be considered是謂語(yǔ)；因其中的be是原形，故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞does(由語(yǔ)境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù))；由句意及作者的語(yǔ)氣可知，需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may。例10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.解析：這是一個(gè)由bu

9、t連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had是一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，后一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；可是，bring卻用的是原形，既與語(yǔ)境的時(shí)態(tài)不附，也與主語(yǔ)he不一致，該句不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did；由句意和作者的語(yǔ)氣推測(cè)，應(yīng)當(dāng)填對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did(的確) 技巧7：由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。(1)由it isthat強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填it還是that。如：例11 and _was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)!

10、 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，應(yīng)填it。(2)由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填do, does, did等。如：例12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由can you expect to可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知，應(yīng)填副詞only，因?yàn)椤皁nly +狀語(yǔ)(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒裝。(3)由it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的句式判斷，空格處是否填i

11、t。如：例13 as _took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主語(yǔ)，空格處填形式主語(yǔ)it。例14Dating sites also make _easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，to avoid是真正的賓語(yǔ)，easy是賓補(bǔ)，空格處應(yīng)填

12、作形式賓語(yǔ)的it。(4)so /suchthat句型。如：例15 This made the goat so jealous _it began plotting against (謀劃對(duì)付) the donkey. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是sothat句型，應(yīng)填that。(5)morethan (與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)，比更)句型。如：例16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _ how much he pays. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是morethan句型，故填that。

13、句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報(bào)酬相比，雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。(2) 給出了動(dòng)詞的試題的解題技巧首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。然后按以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考。技巧8：若句中沒有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例17His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 解析：因主語(yǔ)His fear of failure后沒有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，需填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

14、；因主語(yǔ)與keep是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞played可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填kept。例18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away. 解析：雖然句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞declined，但由and walked可知，所填詞與declined和walked是并列關(guān)系，所以也用一般過(guò)去式closed。例19 In Logan, three people _ (take)to a hospital

15、, while others were treated at a local clinic. 解析：因主語(yǔ)three people與take是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即三個(gè)人被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；由were treated可知，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填were taken。技巧9：若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要確定用ing形式、ed形式，還是用不定式形式，確定的方法主要有：(1)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，通常用ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。如：例20 but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from

16、 a grammar book. 解析：因it是形式主語(yǔ)，后面用不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填to memorize。例21 _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有謂語(yǔ)wont make，所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；謂語(yǔ)前面應(yīng)為主語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)，表示一般情況，要用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，故填Speaking。(2)作目的狀語(yǔ)或者在形容詞后的作狀語(yǔ)，一般用不定式。如：例22 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two

17、 more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)will have to work，所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；因“(為了)按計(jì)劃完成這項(xiàng)工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時(shí)”的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填To complete。例23 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed). 解析：因在形容詞likely后作狀語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to succeed。(3)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，常用分詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用

18、現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。如：例24 He saw the stone, _ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 解析：句中已有謂語(yǔ)saw，所給動(dòng)詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因He與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 例25 The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有謂語(yǔ)went，而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因the headmaster與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分

19、詞followed作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。(4)不論非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分，若判斷需要用分詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系用ed形式。如：例26 There will be a meeting, _ (start) later this year to review the film. 解析：因a meeting與start是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明a meeting，故填starting。例27 Lessons _ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 解析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)can

20、 help，所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因lesson與learn是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，故填learned。(3)、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧根據(jù)該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有：技巧10：作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，通常用形容詞形式。如：例28 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系動(dòng)詞felt后作表語(yǔ)，用形容詞，故填silent。例29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast

21、of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語(yǔ)，故填dangerous。例30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)most of their students的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用形容詞；表示“感興趣”，填interested。技巧11：作主語(yǔ)、在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，用名詞形式。如：例31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technologic

22、al _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.解析：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，要求填的詞作主語(yǔ)，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)；作主語(yǔ)要用名詞，又由are可知，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，故填achievements。例32 These people have made great _ (contribute) to China with their work. 解析：在句中作及物動(dòng)詞have made的賓語(yǔ)，要用名

23、詞形式；表示“作貢獻(xiàn)”，其前面沒有不定冠詞時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)，故填contributions。例33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the reading解析：因with是介詞，在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，要用名詞，故填information。技巧12：在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。如：例34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. 解析：

24、在形容詞性物代詞(their)后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故填similarities。例35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.解析：在冠詞后，要用名詞，故填operation。技巧13：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞形式。如：例36  As I looked _ (close) at this girl, I fount that 解析：修飾動(dòng)詞looked，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞，故填closely。

25、例37 There must be something _ (serious) wrong with our society. 解析：要求填的詞修飾形容詞wrong，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞，故填seriously。例38Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time 解析：修飾because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞，故填mainly。技巧14：括號(hào)中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的

26、派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un, im等，在詞根后加less等。如：例39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).解析：作表語(yǔ)要用形容詞；又由句意可知，作者是表達(dá)“沒有什么知識(shí)是無(wú)用的”，故填useless。例40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.解析：在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，仍用形容詞形式；但根據(jù)句意可知，錯(cuò)誤是引起不必要的麻煩事，故填unnecessary。技巧15：括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞也不一定是考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或