美國福利制度

1、American welfare system-美國福利制度美國福利制度Individuals should pay the tax divided into Individuals should pay the tax divided into federal tax, state and local taxes (city, county federal tax, state and local taxes (city, county and school district).and school district).美國個(gè)人要繳的稅分為聯(lián)邦稅、州稅和地方稅（市、縣、美國個(gè)人要繳的稅分為聯(lián)

2、邦稅、州稅和地方稅（市、縣、校區(qū)）。校區(qū)）。Federal taxes generally accounted for about 25% Federal taxes generally accounted for about 25% of the wage income.of the wage income.聯(lián)邦稅一般占工資收入的聯(lián)邦稅一般占工資收入的25%25%左右。左右。Two kinds of state tax income tax and consumption Two kinds of state tax income tax and consumption tax. Incom

3、e probably accounts for some 8% of the tax. Income probably accounts for some 8% of the income of people; Consumption probably accounts income of people; Consumption probably accounts for some 6% of the income of people.for some 6% of the income of people.州稅有收入稅和消費(fèi)稅兩種。收入稅大概占人們收入的州稅有收入稅和消費(fèi)稅兩種。收入稅大概占人

4、們收入的8%8%左右左右；消費(fèi)稅大概占人們收入的大概占人們收入的6%左右。Local taxes the property tax can be divided into four kinds: real property, personal property, farm property taxes and utilities is paid in taxes.地方稅即地方稅即財(cái)產(chǎn)稅分為四種：不動產(chǎn)、個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)稅、農(nóng)場所繳的財(cái)產(chǎn)稅、公用事業(yè)稅。福利制度 The American Government provides the workers with a lot of budget which

5、 is used to provide employment and training service. Whats more, it is used as compensation to the unemployed people. 美國政府提供的工人很多的預(yù)算用于提供就業(yè)和培訓(xùn)服務(wù)。更重要的是,它是作為補(bǔ)償失業(yè)的人。 Generally speaking ,all the state and federal governments work together to help the poor family especially those who have school-aged chil

6、dren. 一般來說,所有的州和聯(lián)邦政府共同努力,幫助窮人家庭特別是那些學(xué)齡兒童。 Furthermore, they set up all kinds of organizations for the old and the patients, and special schools for physically or mentally disabled children. 此外,他們建立了各種組織的老人和病人,和特殊學(xué)校身體或精神殘疾兒童。1、The federal social insurance 聯(lián)邦社會保險(xiǎn) The federal social insurance has been

7、set up for office, office or once worked for my and their family members can attend 聯(lián)邦社會保險(xiǎn)是為就職人士設(shè)立的，在職或曾經(jīng)工作過的本人及其家屬都可參加附：主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits)、撫恤金(Survivors Benefits)、傷殘金(Disability Benefits)和醫(yī)療福利(Medicare Benefits)等。 2、失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金( Unemployment Compensation) As long as it is being fired unemploye

8、d, with or without savings can apply for. General grant period is 6 to 9 months, according to the situation is likely to extend vary from state to state. 只要是遭辭退失業(yè)的，不管有無積蓄都可申請。一般補(bǔ)助只要是遭辭退失業(yè)的，不管有無積蓄都可申請。一般補(bǔ)助期是期是6至至9個(gè)月，按各州不同情況可能會有所延長。個(gè)月，按各州不同情況可能會有所延長。 3、公共援助金(public assistance) It is designed for the b

9、lind of low income or no It is designed for the blind of low income or no income, the elderly, the disabled and no income of income, the elderly, the disabled and no income of the family. Distributed by the state according to the family. Distributed by the state according to their living conditions,

10、 the applicant will their living conditions, the applicant will receive a survey to prove that to be eligible for receive a survey to prove that to be eligible for claim.claim. 這是專為低收入或無收入的失明者、老人、殘障者及無收這是專為低收入或無收入的失明者、老人、殘障者及無收入的家庭而設(shè)。由州政府按各自生活條件發(fā)放，申請者將入的家庭而設(shè)。由州政府按各自生活條件發(fā)放，申請者將接受接受 調(diào)查以證明有申領(lǐng)資格。調(diào)查以證明有申

11、領(lǐng)資格。 4、孕婦與兒童福利 Pregnant women and childrens welfare This is to protect and improve the health of the This is to protect and improve the health of the pregnant women and children, do not dispatch the pregnant women and children, do not dispatch the cash, but rather to provide health services.cash, bu

12、t rather to provide health services. 這是為保護(hù)和增進(jìn)孕婦及兒童的健康而設(shè)，并不分派現(xiàn)金，這是為保護(hù)和增進(jìn)孕婦及兒童的健康而設(shè)，并不分派現(xiàn)金，而是提供健康服務(wù)。而是提供健康服務(wù)。 Social security act is a national, to set up for Social security act is a national, to set up for the protection of the rights of all people. Besides the protection of the rights of all people

13、. Besides public aid, is most welfare measures, both rich and public aid, is most welfare measures, both rich and poor, everyone. It is worth mentioning that social poor, everyone. It is worth mentioning that social security bureau regulation, collect social security security bureau regulation, coll

14、ect social security personnel dont have to live in the United States, personnel dont have to live in the United States, for retirees living abroad.for retirees living abroad.社會安全法案是全國性的，為保障所有人的權(quán)益而設(shè)立。除公共援助金外，大社會安全法案是全國性的，為保障所有人的權(quán)益而設(shè)立。除公共援助金外，大部分福利措施是不論貧富人人皆得的。值得一提的是，社安局規(guī)定，領(lǐng)取社會部分福利措施是不論貧富人人皆得的。值得一提的是，

15、社安局規(guī)定，領(lǐng)取社會安全金的人員不一定要住在美國境內(nèi)，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。安全金的人員不一定要住在美國境內(nèi)，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。In addition to the social security act included in In addition to the social security act included in the welfare policy, the United States there are the welfare policy, the United States there are many involved in all aspects o

16、f social welfare life many involved in all aspects of social welfare life and work, common has the following categories:and work, common has the following categories:除了社會安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美國還有很多涉及生活、工作除了社會安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美國還有很多涉及生活、工作各個(gè)方面的社會福利，比較常見的有以下幾類：各個(gè)方面的社會福利，比較常見的有以下幾類： 一、工作保險(xiǎn) (Work Insurance)

17、1、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金 (unemployment Insurance) 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金是一種保險(xiǎn)制度（失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金是一種保險(xiǎn)制度（Insurance system）。每）。每 月從受保人工資中扣除部分來投保，受保人一旦失業(yè)即可獲賠，月從受保人工資中扣除部分來投保，受保人一旦失業(yè)即可獲賠， 獲賠金額一般是原工資的一半。獲賠金額一般是原工資的一半。 2、工人賠償金、工人賠償金( Workers Compensation Program) 由雇主向州政府或保險(xiǎn)公司投保，工人因工受傷即可申領(lǐng)。具由雇主向州政府或保險(xiǎn)公司投保，工人因工受傷即可申領(lǐng)。具體體 賠償金額賠償金額(the aggregate a

18、mount of compensation)和時(shí)期由和時(shí)期由雇主所交的保費(fèi)多少而定，同時(shí)也能報(bào)銷一定的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。工人雇主所交的保費(fèi)多少而定，同時(shí)也能報(bào)銷一定的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。工人賠償金非美籍人士亦可申請，且不會影響他日轉(zhuǎn)換身份或入籍。賠償金非美籍人士亦可申請，且不會影響他日轉(zhuǎn)換身份或入籍。3、州立傷殘保險(xiǎn)金、州立傷殘保險(xiǎn)金 （State Disability Insurance） 全美只有加州、紐約州、新澤西州、夏威夷和波多黎各設(shè)有此類全美只有加州、紐約州、新澤西州、夏威夷和波多黎各設(shè)有此類保險(xiǎn)金，專為因短期疾病暫不能工作的人員而設(shè)。換言之，受保保險(xiǎn)金，專為因短期疾病暫不能工作的人員而設(shè)。換言之，受

19、保人在得病期間必須是受雇的，復(fù)原后重新開始工作，保險(xiǎn)金就停人在得病期間必須是受雇的，復(fù)原后重新開始工作，保險(xiǎn)金就停止賠付。止賠付。 二、生活補(bǔ)助 Public Service for Low Income Persons 1、糧食券、糧食券( Food Stamp) 美國聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)部撥款給州政府發(fā)放糧食券，只可換美國聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)部撥款給州政府發(fā)放糧食券，只可換取美國出產(chǎn)的農(nóng)作物，不能換取金錢，以救濟(jì)收入低微的取美國出產(chǎn)的農(nóng)作物，不能換取金錢，以救濟(jì)收入低微的家庭。不過該補(bǔ)助只限美國公民。家庭。不過該補(bǔ)助只限美國公民。 2、學(xué)校提供的廉價(jià)或免費(fèi)膳食、學(xué)校提供的廉價(jià)或免費(fèi)膳食(School Lunch Program) 這是政府為保證學(xué)童的身體健康而設(shè)立的全國性營這是政府為保證學(xué)童的身體健康而設(shè)立的全國性營養(yǎng)膳食計(jì)劃。非美籍人士也可受益。養(yǎng)膳食計(jì)劃。非美籍人士也可受益。 3、家居能源補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃、家居能源補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃(Home Energy Assistance Program) 專為低收入家庭減輕煤電費(fèi)用而設(shè)，非美籍人士也專為低收入家庭減輕煤電費(fèi)用而設(shè)，非美籍人士也能享受。能源補(bǔ)助除幫助支付煤電費(fèi)外，還可代為修理暖能享受。能源補(bǔ)助除幫助支付煤電