自考綜合英語(yǔ)1-10

1、Lesson TenThe Washwoman1. B. Singer一個(gè)年近八旬、瘦小的老婦人, 不愿增加兒子和社會(huì)的負(fù)擔(dān), 一不乞討, 二不進(jìn)孤老院 , 頑強(qiáng)地靠為他人洗衣維持生活。經(jīng)她洗熨過(guò)的衣物又干凈又平整; 一旦收了活兒 , 即使是大病一場(chǎng)她也要完成自己的職責(zé), 冒著大雪嚴(yán)寒也要讓洗熨好的衣物盡快物歸原主。這個(gè)盡職的洗衣婦體現(xiàn)了人類的優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì), 她那衰弱的身軀體現(xiàn)了人類堅(jiān)韌不拔的意志, 她那粗糙的雙手創(chuàng)造出了光輝燦爛的人類文明。有誰(shuí)比她更平凡 ?但有誰(shuí)比她更崇高?1 Our home had little contact with Gentiles. But there were

2、the Gentile washwomen who came to the house to fetch our laundry. My story is about one of these.2 She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak, broken in body. But this washwoman, small and thi

3、n as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors. 1110:33 Mother would count out to her a bag of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would lift the heavy bag, load it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home. It must have been a walk

4、of an hour and a half.3 She would bring the laundry back about two weeks later. My mother had never been so pleased with any washwoman. Every piece of laundry was as clean as polished silver. Every piece was neatly ironed. Yet she charged no more than the others. She was a real find. Mother always h

5、adher money ready, because it was too far for the old woman to come a second time.4 Washing clothes was not easy in those days. The old woman had no tap where she lived, but had to bring in the water from a pump. For the clothes and bedclothes to come out so clean, they had to be scrubbed thoroughly

6、 in a washtub, rinsed with washing soda, soaked, boiled in an enormous pot, starched, then ironed. Every piece was handled ten times or more. And the drying! It had to be hung in the attic.5 She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the poor and aged. But there was in her a cert

7、ain pride and love of labor with which many Gentiles have been blessed. The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so bore her burden. 0704:456 The woman had a son who was rich. I no longer remember what sort of business he had. He was ashamed of his mother, the washwoman, and never came to

8、see her. Nor did he ever give her any money. The old woman told this without bitterness. One day the son was married. It seemed that he had made a good match. The wedding took place in a church. The son had not invited the old mother to his wedding, but she went to the church and waited at the steps

9、 to see her son lead the "young lady" to the altar.7 The story of the faithless son left a deep impression on my mother. She talked about it for weeks and months. It was an insult not only to the old woman but to all mothers. 0707:37 Mother would argue, "Does it pay to make sacrifices

10、 for children? The mother uses up her last strength, and he does not even know the meaning of loyalty."8 That winter was a harsh one. The streets were icy. No matter how much we heated our stove, the windows were covered with frost. The newspapers reported that people were dying of the cold. Co

11、al became dear. The winter had become so severe that parents stopped sending children to school.9 On one such day the washwoman, now nearly eighty years old, came to our house. A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past weeks. Mother gave her a pot of tea to warm herself, as well as some

12、 bread. The old woman sat on a kitchen chair trembling and shaking, and warmed her hands against the teapot. Her fingers were rough from work, and perhaps from arthritis, too. Her fingernails were strangely white. These hands spoke of stubbornness of mankind 1204:35, of the will to work not only as

13、one s strength permits but beyond the limits of one spower.10 The bag was big, bigger than usual. When the woman placed it on her shoulders, it covered her completely. At first she stayed, as though she were about to fall under the load. But an inner stubbornness seemed to call out: No, you may not

14、fall. A donkey may permit himself to fall under his burden, but not a human being, the best of creation.0710:4411 She disappeared, and mother sighed and prayed for her.12 More than two months passed. The frost had gone, and then a new frost had come, a new wave of cold. One evening, while Mother was

15、 sitting near the oil lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a gigantic bag, entered the room. I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bag. She was even thinner now, more bent. Her head shook from side to side as though she weresaying no. She could

16、not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her sunken mouth and pale lips.13 After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill. Just what her illness was, I cannot remember. She had been so sick that someone called a doctor, and the doctor had sent for a priest. S

17、omeone had informed the son, and he had contributed money for a coffin and for the funeral. But God had not yet wanted to take this soul full of pain to Himself. She began to feel better, she became well, and as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she began her washing. Not just our

18、s, but the wash of several other families, too.14 "I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash," the old woman explained. "The wash would not let me die."15 "With the help of God you will live to be a hundred and twenty," said my mother, as a blessing.16 “ God f

19、orbid! What good would such a long life be? The work becomes harder and harder. my strength is leaving meI do not wantto be a burden on anyone! ” The old woman crossed herself, and raised her eyes toward heaven.17 Fortunately there was some money in the house and Mother counted out what she owed. Th

20、en she left, promising to return in a few weeks for a new load.18 But she never came back. The wash she had returned was her last effort on this earth. She had been driven by an indomitable will toreturn the property to its rightful owners, to fulfill the task she had undertaken.19 And now at last h

21、er body, which had long been supported only by the force of honesty and duty, had fallen. Her soul passed into those spheres where all holy souls meet, regardless of the roles they played on this earth, in whatever tongue, of whatever religion. I cannot imagine paradise without this Gentile washwoma

22、n. I cannot even imagine a world where there is no reward for such effort. 0904:36LESSON 10洗衣婦20 B. 辛格1 我們家與非猶太人很少來(lái)往, 但有些非猶太人洗衣婦會(huì)來(lái)我家取走要洗的衣服。我的故事講述的就是其中的一位洗衣婦。2 她身材矮小, 滿臉皺紋 , 顯得很蒼老。她開(kāi)始為我家洗衣服已年過(guò)古稀, 大多數(shù)象她這個(gè)年齡的猶太婦女往往體弱多病。但這位洗衣婦雖然身體矮小瘦弱, 卻擁有從她世代農(nóng)民祖先那里繼承來(lái)的強(qiáng)健體魄。母親往往會(huì)一件件給她數(shù)出一大包我家積攢了幾星期要洗的衣物。她會(huì)提起那大包沉重的衣物, 放在

23、她那狹小的肩上, 然后要扛很長(zhǎng)一端的路回家。我猜那段路要走上一個(gè)半小時(shí)。3 大約兩周之后她會(huì)把洗好的衣服送回來(lái)。我母親對(duì)別的洗衣工從來(lái)沒(méi)有象對(duì)她這么滿意過(guò)。每件洗好的衣服干凈得就象拋光過(guò)的銀器一樣, 而且每件衣服都熨得平平整整。然而她卻不比別的洗衣婦多收一分工錢。她真是位難得的洗衣工。母親總是把要付給她的工錢準(zhǔn)備好, 因?yàn)樗〉倪h(yuǎn)不便再回來(lái)一趟取錢。4 在那個(gè)年代, 洗衣服并不是件容易的事。老婦人的住處沒(méi)有自來(lái)水, 她必須先從水泵里打來(lái)水。要將衣服和床單被褥洗得這么干凈, 必須在洗衣盆里用力徹底搓洗 , 用洗滌石堿誰(shuí)漂洗, 然后浸泡 , 再用一只大鍋將衣服煮沸, 還要上漿、熨平。每一件衣服都要

24、經(jīng)過(guò)十幾道工序, 最后還要晾干! 要把衣服掛在頂樓上晾干。5 她本來(lái)可以在教堂門口乞討謀生或是進(jìn)養(yǎng)老院, 然而這位老婦人身上具有那種許多非猶太人所擁有的自尊心和對(duì)勞動(dòng)的熱愛(ài)。她不愿成為別人的負(fù)擔(dān), 因而自己承擔(dān)起養(yǎng)活自己的責(zé)任。6 老婦人有一位富有的兒子, 我記不起他做的是什么生意。他對(duì)做洗衣婦的母親感到羞恥, 因此從不來(lái)看望他母親, 也從來(lái)不給他母親錢。老婦人說(shuō)起這些時(shí)并不感到辛酸。一天她的兒子結(jié)婚了, 看起來(lái)他似乎找到了合適的伴侶?；槎Y在教堂舉行。老婦人的兒子并沒(méi)有邀請(qǐng)他母親參加他的婚禮, 但老婦人卻來(lái)到教堂, 等在階梯上看他的兒子娶媳婦。7 這個(gè)不肖的兒子的故事給我的母親留下很深的印象,

25、 她連續(xù)幾星期甚至幾個(gè)月都在談?wù)撨@事。這不僅對(duì)那老婦人而且對(duì)全天下的母親都是一種侮辱。我母親爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō) : “為子女們作出犧牲值得嗎?母親為兒子耗盡自己最后的力氣, 而她的兒子甚至不懂什么是忠誠(chéng)?！? 那是一個(gè)十分寒冷的冬天, 街道上結(jié)著冰。無(wú)論我們把爐火燒的多旺, 玻璃窗上仍然布滿了霜。據(jù)報(bào)紙報(bào)道, 已經(jīng)有人被凍死。煤變的非常昂貴。天氣越來(lái)越冷 , 父母?jìng)円巡辉偎秃⒆觽內(nèi)ド蠈W(xué)了。9 就在這樣寒冷的一天, 當(dāng)時(shí)已年近80 的洗衣婦來(lái)到我家。幾周來(lái), 我們已經(jīng)積攢了許多衣服。我母親遞給她一壺茶讓她暖和暖和, 還給了她幾面面包。老婦人坐在廚房的椅子上, 打著冷顫, 雙手抱著茶壺取暖。她的手指由于干活,

26、 也或許是因?yàn)殛P(guān)節(jié)炎, 顯得很粗糙。她的手指甲奇怪地發(fā)白。這雙手顯示出人類的頑強(qiáng)精神, 顯示出人類要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)的意志, 不僅在個(gè)人力量允許的時(shí)候要?jiǎng)趧?dòng), 而且在超越自己力量極限時(shí)也要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)。10 那天的包裹很大, 比以往的還要大。當(dāng)老婦人把它扛上肩頭時(shí), 包括幾乎把她的身體都遮蓋起來(lái)。開(kāi)始她停在原地未動(dòng), 似乎要被大包壓倒似的。但是好象有一種完全的意念在內(nèi)心激勵(lì)著她: 不 , 你不能倒下。一頭驢可以允許自己被重?fù)?dān)壓倒但是人卻不可以, 因?yàn)槿耸巧系蹌?chuàng)造的最杰出的生靈。11 她漸漸走遠(yuǎn)了, 我母親嘆著氣為他祈禱。12 兩個(gè)多月過(guò)去了。一場(chǎng)霜凍過(guò)后接著又是一場(chǎng)霜凍和寒流。一天傍晚, 我母親正坐在油燈下縫補(bǔ)襯

27、衣, 門開(kāi)了 , 先吹進(jìn)一小股蒸汽, 接著近來(lái)的是一個(gè)巨大的包裹 , 我跑過(guò)去幫老婦人卸下包裹。她顯得更加瘦弱, 背也更彎了。她的頭左右搖晃著 , 似乎在說(shuō)不, 可一個(gè)清晰的字也說(shuō)不出, 只是從他凹陷的嘴巴和蒼白的嘴唇里發(fā)出些含糊不青的聲音。13 待老婦人從喘息中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái), 她告訴我們她病了。我記不青她得的是什么病 , 但病情很重, 有人幫她叫了醫(yī)生, 而醫(yī)生又請(qǐng)來(lái)了牧師。有人通知了她的兒子, 她兒子付了棺材和舉行葬禮的費(fèi)用。但是上帝還不想把這個(gè)苦命人招到自己身邊。她的病情開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn), 身體漸漸恢復(fù)。當(dāng)她剛剛能再次站起身來(lái), 她就又洗起衣服來(lái)。不光是我們一家的衣服, 還有其他幾家的衣服。14 “

28、一想到還有衣服要我洗我就不能安靜地躺在床上?！崩戏蛉私忉屨f(shuō) : “那寫(xiě)衣服不讓我死 ! ”15 “上帝保佑 , 您能活到120 隨。”我母親這樣祝愿她。16 ”但愿上帝別讓我活那么久！活那么久有什么用？干起活兒越來(lái)越費(fèi)力 我越來(lái)越感到虛弱無(wú)力我不想成為任何人的負(fù)擔(dān)！ ”老婦人在胸前劃著十字，抬頭望著天空。17 正巧那天家里有錢, 我母親給她數(shù)出她應(yīng)得的工錢。之后她離開(kāi)了, 答應(yīng)幾周以后再來(lái)取走另一包要洗的衣服。18 但是她在也沒(méi)有回來(lái)。她哪天送回的衣服是她一生中最后一次勞動(dòng)成果。是一種堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈的意志驅(qū)使她把衣物送回給它們的主人, 從而完成自己承擔(dān)的任務(wù)。19 現(xiàn)在 , 她那長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直被誠(chéng)實(shí)和

29、責(zé)任感支撐著的身軀終于倒下了。她的靈魂進(jìn)入了所有圣潔的人們會(huì)集的地方, 無(wú)論他們?cè)谌思以?jīng)擔(dān)任什么樣的角色, 無(wú)論他們講的是什么語(yǔ)言, 也無(wú)論他們信仰什么宗教。我想想天堂里絕對(duì)不會(huì)沒(méi)有這位非猶太人洗衣婦的身影, 我也堅(jiān)信象她這樣的努力一定會(huì)得到回報(bào)。往年考過(guò)的真題I.Paraphrase1. This washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations ofpeasant ancestors. 1110:33 (1-10:319)A. Unlike her peasant a

30、ncestors, this small thin washwoman was born strong.B. This washwoman, like her peasant ancestors, was small and thin but strong.C. With the strength from her peasant ancestors, the washwoman was still small and thin.D. The washwoman was small and thin, but she inherited the strength of her peasanta

31、ncestors.2. The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so she bore her burden. 0704:45(1-10:320)A. The old woman had to support herself.B. The old woman was too proud to ask for help.C. The old woman did not want to bother other people.D. The old woman carried the heavy load herself.3. it wa

32、s an insult not only to the old woman but to all mothers. 0707:37 (1-10:320)A. The faithless son not only insulted his mother but also all mothers.B. The faithless son not only disappointed his mother but also all mothers.C. not only the old woman but also all mothers felt offended and hurt by the s

33、on s faithlessbehavior.D. not only the old woman but also all mothers felt that the son was faithless.4. Does it pay to make sacrifices for children? 0801:37 (1-10:320)A. Is it profitable to make sacrifices for children?B. Is it right to make sacrifices for children?C. Is it worthwhile to make sacri

34、fices for children?D. Is it favorable to make sacrifices for children?5. These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind. 1204:35 (110:321)A. These hands referred to the hard work and power of mankind.B. These hands demonstrated the wisdom and diligence of mankind.C. These hands represented the rig

35、idness and inflexibility of mankind.D. These hands showed the perseverance and determination of mankind.6. A donkey may permit himself to fall under his burden, but not a human being, the best ofcreation.0710:44 (1-10:321)A. a human being should not fail like a donkey.B. a hu man being should not be

36、have like a donkey.C.a human being should forever strive for a better life.D.a human being should not give up under ha rsh conditions.7. I cannot even imagine a world where there is no reward for such effort. 0904:36 (1-10:323)A. I believe nothing is more valuable than such hard work.B. I am definit

37、ely sure that such hard work will be repaid.C. It is beyond my imagination that one makes such effort for nothing.D. It is hard to expect that everyone will make such effort in this world.11 .Writing2005 年 10 月 :The Washwoman (1-10)Topic: What was the most quality of “ the Washwoman” ?You can use th

38、is outline:12 Name this quality.13 Give an example or examples to show she possessed this quality.14 Give a brief comment on this quality.The old washwoman had a very strong sense of duty. Every piece of laundry she did was clean and neatly ironed. One harsh winter, she felt ill after she collected

39、a great deal of laundry. She was so sick that a doctor and some neighbors thought she was dying, and a priest was sent for. However, she recovered, and as soon she was able to stand on her feet once more, she began her washing. She could not allow herself to stay in bed because of the wash. Supporte

40、d by a strong sense of duty driven by an indomitable will, she finally finished the wash, and returned it to its owners. Her story tells us that to be a respected person, what work you do is not so important. What counts is your attitude. A washwoman and an economist should both be respected because

41、 they both do work society needs. (152 words)III.Translation課后練習(xí)答案3. Paraphrase1. she was a person whom we could find.2. Is it worthwhile to make sacrifices for children?3. he is not loyal at all.4. These hands showed the perseverance and determination of mankind.5. She entered the world where the m

42、ost holy souls gathered together, no matter what social class they belonged to, no matter what language they spoke, no matter what religion they believed in.詞匯練習(xí)1.(p.343)1) darkness; 2) sadness 3) illness 4) fitness 5) helplessness2) Translate the following into English.1)扮演角色to play a role積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)to ac

43、cumulate experiences熨燙衣物toiron clothes身負(fù)重?fù)?dān)tobear a heavy burden卸下重?fù)?dān)tounload a heavy burden作出犧牲tomake sacrifices縫補(bǔ)衣物tomend clothes物歸原主to return the property to its rightful owner承擔(dān)任務(wù)to undertake a task堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志strong will不屈的意志indomitable will粗糙的手指rough fingers深陷的雙眼sunken eyes寒冷的冬天severe winter2) use the

44、“ useful expressions ”1 我祖母少有的善良和慷慨使所有認(rèn)識(shí)她的人都敬愛(ài)她。The rare kindnessand generositywith which my grandmother has been blessed make her respected by those who know her.2 在長(zhǎng)達(dá)一周的夏季反攻中, 士兵們用盡了彈藥。During the summercounterattack thatlasted for one week, the soldiers had used up all the ammunition.3 恐怕你的要求超越了他的

45、權(quán)限。I m af raid your request is beyondthe limits of his power.4 輪船劇烈地左右晃動(dòng), 許多乘客都暈船了。The ship rocked violentlyfrom side to side,causing many passengers to feel seasickness.5 老人在叢林里生活多年, 與外界極少來(lái)往。The old man has been livingin the jungle formany years, having little contact with the outside world.6 她年輕時(shí)得

46、過(guò)癌癥, 后來(lái)康復(fù)了, 一直活到高齡。She had cancer when shewas young, butrecovered later and lived to be an advanced age.7 廣場(chǎng)中心的雕像表達(dá)了人民對(duì)將軍的敬重和自豪之情。The statuestanding in the center ofthe square speaks of the respect and pride people feel for the general.8 我把消息告訴了瑪麗以后, 她看上去好象要暈倒。After I told Mary thenews, she lookedas

47、 if she was about to faint.9 她不顧父母的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì), 決定去上夜校。She decided to go to theevening school regardlessof her parents strong objection.10 為幫助艾麗絲準(zhǔn)備參加網(wǎng)球比賽, 她母親請(qǐng)來(lái)了本地最好的教練。To helpAlice preparefor the tennis match, her mother sent for the best local coach.3)use see, tell and show.11 我從梯子上掉了下來(lái), 傷了左胳膊。I fell off

48、 the ladder and hurt myleft arm.12 在大學(xué)我們至少需要300元來(lái)支付伙食費(fèi)。At university we need atleast 300 yuan to coverthe board expenses.13 唐山遭受地震以來(lái)二十多年已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。Twenty years has passed sinceTangshan was hitby earthquake.14 這個(gè)課程涉及到二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)美國(guó)歷史的各個(gè)方面。This course coversevery aspect ofAmerican history since World War H15 雪一直緩緩

49、地下著。The snow kept falling steadily.16 這本書(shū)挺難, 我一小時(shí)只讀了10 頁(yè)。 The book is rather difficult, andI covered only tenpages in one hour.17 那個(gè)期間他三次經(jīng)過(guò)自己的家都沒(méi)有進(jìn)去。He passed his house withoutentering threetimes during that period.18 這次高考入學(xué)考試他沒(méi)能通過(guò), 他決心明年再試一次。He has failed topass this year scollege Entrance Examinat

50、ion and he s determi ned to have another try next year19 那個(gè)小男孩問(wèn)他的父母為什么樹(shù)在秋天掉葉子。That little boy askedhis parents why theleaves fall from the trees in autumn20 你們看完了這份報(bào)紙以后, 把它傳給三班。After reading the newspaper,pass it to ClassThree.3. Complete the following sentences:(1) (1) off in (2) with (3) of (4) on

51、; (5) up(6) by; for (7) with (8) on; on (9) for; from (10) for(11) by (12) out2) (1) cost (2) expensive (3) gigantic / vast (4) fulfill (5) range charge: If you charge someone an amount of money, you ask them to pay that amount forsomething that you have sold to them or done for them.要價(jià) ; 收費(fèi) cost: I

52、f something costs a particular amount of money, you can buy, do, or make it forthat amount. 要價(jià) high: You can use high to indicate that something is great in amount, degree, or intensity.( 數(shù)量、程度或強(qiáng)度) 高的expensive: If something is expensive, it costs a lot of money.貴的 gigantic: If you describe something

53、 as gigantic, you are emphasizing that it is extremelylarge in size, amount, or degree. 巨大的 vast: Something that is vast is extremely large. 巨大的 fulfill: To fulfill a task, role, or requirement means to do or be what is required, necessary,or expected. 完成 （任務(wù)、角色）; 達(dá)到 （要求 ） finish: When you finish do

54、ing or dealing with something, you do or deal with the lastpart of it, so that there is no more for you to do or deal with.結(jié)束 sphere: A sphere of activity or interest is a particular area of activity or interest. （ 活動(dòng)、興趣的 ） 領(lǐng)域 range: A range is the complete group that is included between two points on a scale ofmeasurement or quality. 范圍4.Choose the best word for each bla