數(shù)字邏輯設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用教學(xué)英文課件：Lec20-chap 8

1、1Digital Logic Design and ApplicationLecture #20Chapter 8Sequential Logic Design PracticesUESTC, Spring 20132Chapter 7 Sequential Logic Design PrinciplesCombinational logic circuitOutputs = f ( current inputs )Sequential logic circuitOutputs = f ( current inputs + entire input history )stored in mem

2、ory elementsLatches and Flip-Flopsfeedback sequential circuitclocked synchronous state machineMealy machineMoore machine雖然組合邏輯電路能夠很好地處理像加、減等這樣的操作，但是要單獨(dú)使用組合邏輯電路，使操作按照一定的順序執(zhí)行，需要串聯(lián)起許多組合邏輯電路，而要通過硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)這種電路代價是很大的，并且靈活性也很差。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一種有效而且靈活的操作序列，需要構(gòu)造一種能夠存儲各種操作之間的信息的電路時序電路。時序電路可以提高器件利用效率。3Chapter 7 Sequential Log

3、ic Design PrinciplesClock signal clock period, clock frequency, clock tick, duty cycleBistable ElementsMetastable CharacteristicLatchesS-R Latch, D LatchFlip-Flops, F/FEdge-Triggered flip-flopMaster/Slave flip-flopD FFT FFJ-K FFS-R FF4State-Machine StructureNextState Logic FStateMemoryOutputLogicGin

4、putsoutputsexcitationcurrent stateclocksignalexcitationequationtransitionequationoutputequation5State-Machine AnalysisDetermine excitation equation for flip-flop control inputsDetermine output equation from the circuit diagramSubstitute the excitation equations into the flip-flop characteristic equa

5、tions to obtain transition equationsUse the transition equations and output equations to construct a transition/output tableName the states and obtain a state/output table(Optional) Draw a state diagramDescribe the circuit function6State-Machine DesignConstruct state/output table ( or state diagram

6、)(optional) State minimizationState assignmentCreate transition/output tableDerive transition equations and output equationsChoose a flip-flop type for the state memoryConstruct excitation equationsDraw a logic circuit diagram7State-Machine DesignState table transition table transition equationState

7、 diagram transition list transition equationExcitation equationState assignmentFF chooseK-map, (),()(),()Chapter 7 Sequential Logic Design PrinciplesSeveral important conceptionsBi-stable / LatchMeta-stableenable Synchronous/ AsynchronousFinite stateLogic function89Chapter 8Sequential Logic Design P

8、racticesSSI Latches and Flip-FlopsMSI Device: Counters, Shift RegistersOthers: Documents, Iterative, Failure and Metastability108.1 Sequential-Circuit Documentation StandardsGeneral Requirements ( P680 )Logic SymbolsEdge-Triggered indicator, Master/Slave Output indicatorasynchronous preset (at the T

9、op) and clear (at the bottom) all inputs on the left, all outputs on the rightState-Machine Descriptionword descriptions, state tables, state diagrams, transition listsTiming Diagrams and Specifications ( P682 )11CLOCKflip-flop outputscombinationaloutputsflip-flop inputssetup-time marginhold-time ma

10、rgin理論上，時序電路的速度越快越好，但實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，不是越快越好。建立時間限制了時鐘的最高頻率；保持時間限制了組合電路的最快傳輸速度。128.2 Latches and Flip-Flops1. SSI Latches and Flip-Flops132. Switch Debouncing+5VSW_LDSWPushSW_LDSW Pushfirst contactbounceSW_LDSWIdeal Case14SW_LSW0011SW_LSW0011Push0011SW_LSW0011SW_LSW110015SW_LSWDSW說明： 開關(guān)懸空后， SW_L會稍大于0電平 可在輸出端加一

11、級緩沖解決 QQLS QR Q+5V 開關(guān)切換時會出現(xiàn)瞬時短路現(xiàn)象，不應(yīng)與高速 CMOS器件一起使用 可采用鎖存器結(jié)構(gòu)。163. Bus Holder CircuitABCG1G2AG2BY0Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6Y774x138EN1EN2_LEN3_LSRC0SRC1SRC2P0P1P7SDATA174. Multibit Registers and Latches4-bit register74x1751D2D3D4DCLKCLR_L1Q1Q_L2Q2Q_L3Q3Q_L4Q4Q_L188-bit (octal)register74x374 ( 3-state output ) OEou

12、tput enable 1974x377clock enable74x273asynchronous clear74x374output enableother octal registers2074x377（Clock enable）ENEN2-input Multiplexer21Register vs. Latch, whats the difference? register: edge-triggered behavior latch: output follows input when C is asserted Octal LatchOctalregister228.4 Coun

13、tersModulus: the number of states in the cycleA modulo-m counter, or a divide-by-m counterAn n-bit binary counterAny sequential circuit whose state diagram is a single cycle.S1S2S3SmS5S4ENENENENENENENENENENENENEN8.4 Counter a modulo-2 counter 23State assignment: S0: 0 S1: 1S0S1 1-bit counterTransiti

14、on table S S* Z 0 1 0 1 0 101Q0Transition equation: Q0*=Q0Q0* Toggle, T F.FCLKOne T F.F for one bit counter,N-bit counter? use N F.F241. Ripple Counters0 0 0 00 0 0 10 0 1 00 0 1 10 1 0 00 1 0 10 1 1 00 1 1 1 1 0 0 01 0 0 11 0 1 01 0 1 11 1 0 01 1 0 11 1 1 01 1 1 1asynchronous countercounter adderQ3

15、 Q2 Q1 Q0 Toggle Toggle at Q0 Toggle at Q1 Toggle at Q2 In the worst case, the propagation delay of the MSB is ntTQ .252. Synchronous Counters1 0 1 1 0 1 1+ 11 0 1 1 1 0 0在多位二進(jìn)制數(shù)的末位加 1，僅當(dāng)?shù)?i 位以下的各位都為 1 時，第 i 位的狀態(tài)才會改變。最低位的狀態(tài)每次加1都要改變。 Using T flip-flop with enable: Q* = ENQ + ENQ = EN QENi = Qi-1Qi-2

16、Q1Q0EN0 =1Q* = D= EN Q Di = (Qi-1 Q1 Q0) Qi D QEN CLK Q Using D flip-flop with enable D0 = 1 Q0 = Q0EN Q T Q26synchronous 4-bit binary up counter1如何加入使能端？ LSB MSB 27synchronous counter with serial enable logicCNTENSerial enable logic28synchronous counter with parallel enable logicCNTEN Parallelenabl

17、e logic 293. A 4-Bit Binary Counter 74x16374x163 Function Table 01111CLKfunction clear load holdhold & RCO=0 count CLR_LLD_LENP ENT0111 0 1 0 1 1It uses D flip-flops internally to facilitate the load and clear functions.With synchronous clear and load inputsP714 Figure 8-28 internal logic diagram fo

18、r the 74x16330CLKENclear and loadQ0Q1Q2Q3D0D1D2D3(Qi-1 Q0) Qi counting32synchronous clear inputLD_LCLR_LCLKQAAcounting functionQi* = (Qi-1 Q1 Q0) Q00000033synchronous load inputLD_LCLR_LCLKQAAcounting functionQi* = (Qi-1 Q1 Q0) Q01102-to-1 MUX34ENP and ENT enable inputsENP ENT ENRCOclear “ripple carry out” signalripple carry outRCO=ENT QD QC QB QA35operate in a free-running modeFree-running 16Count if ENP andENT both asserted.Load if LD is asserted(overrides counting).Clear if CLR is asserted(o