2022年考研考博-考博英語-對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號19

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個家庭選擇哪一個房間并不重要，可知填matter，此句意為：重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案：matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“（表示來源）來自……”，learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案：from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬，尊重”。

試題答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來，傳承”。

試題答案：down

考查上下文語義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案：next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關(guān)心某事”。

試題答案：about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案：on

考查上下文語義。solveproblems意為“解決問題”。

試題答案：solve

考查上下文語義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為：只有在一個地方，我們才能重獲價值和誠信，才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案：cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向”

試題答案：to

2.問答題

IfSnowhadownedhisownbenefits,orapproachedhealthcareasaconsumer,asthe

administrationwantspeopletodo,he’dcertainlybesingingadifferenttune.HadSnowstashed

A

afewthousanddollarsinahealthsavingsaccount，whichisoneoftheadministration’schief

B

proposalstoreducetherisingnumberofuninsured,helikelywouldn’thaveenoughcashto

C

D

affordchemotherapy.

【答案】試題答案：C;theuninsured

【解析】考查冠詞。此處表示“沒有保險的人”，需要在uninsured前面加定冠詞the，表示某類人。

3.單選題

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

問題1選項

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。if引導的虛擬語氣，對過去情況假設(shè)，主句：主語＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動詞過去分詞，從句：had＋動詞過去分詞。

試題答案：D;wouldhavebeen

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

誰能否認海的偉大呢？我愛海，并不僅僅因為她的顏色美麗，和藏在海底那許多有趣的玩意兒，而是愛她的胸襟廣闊，化污穢為清潔。她容納無數(shù)的細流，盡管她們的顏色有黑的也有黃的，一旦流到了海的懷抱，便立刻變成碧綠的了。碧綠是代表和平，代表一種靜美。一個人，哪怕他的脾氣有如虎狼那么兇暴，我相信如果常住在海濱，一定會變得和羔羊一般馴良；同時，那些心懷狹隘的人，如果常與海做朋友，我相信他也會改變成豪爽，痛快的性格。

我對于海，好像著了魔似的一天比一天迷戀起來，我愛它，甚至一天也不能離開它。有時清早起來便奔向海濱，迎著血紅的太陽由海邊升起；有時特地在陽光將要落山的吋候，去領(lǐng)略海灘的黃昏滋味。我更愛看菇立在海中央的燈塔，我佩服那守燈塔的人，他每天機械地守住自己的崗位，給與往來的航行者一種光明的指示；假若沒有他，這海而將被黑暗所包圍，來往的船只，隨吋都有觸著暗礁的危險。

【答案】Thereisnodenyingthemightinessofthesea.Ilovehernotonlybecauseshehasthebeautifulhuesandmanyintriguingobjectshiddendeepunderneathher,butalsobecausesheisbroadandliberalenoughtoturnthefoulintothepure.Thenumeroussmallriversthatsheaccommodatesmaybeofablackoryellowcolor,butoncetheyflowintoherbosom,theyinstantlytakeonthegreencolorsignifyingpeaceandtranquility.Apersonwithaterrifyinghottemperwillbecome,Ibelieve,asmeekasalambafteralongstaybytheseashore.Likewise,Ibelieveanarrow-mindedpersonwillbecometolerantandopen-heartedifheoftenkeepscompanywiththesea.

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

有些人把讀書當作疲勞工作中的一種休息，并不是讀一本書就預先想定讀它要派何種用場，即“不為什么而讀”。但日積月累，確實可以長知識、廣見聞、有效益。

經(jīng)過長期積累目前中國己成為全球第二大經(jīng)濟體和全球第一貿(mào)易大囯、全球第一外匯儲備國，具備了對外輸出資本的實力。

【答案】Somepeopleregardreadingasakindofrestduringtiringwork，andtheyhavenoideaofpracticaluseforthebookstheyaretoread,i.e.they“readfornopurpose”atall.Butgraduallyonecanbenefitfromreading,expandingtheirknowledge.

Chinahasbecomethesecondlargesteconomy,thefirsttradingpoweraswellasthe

firstforeignexchangereservesintheworldandhadthestrengthofoutputtingcapitalexternalafteralongterm’saccumulation.

6.填空題

Thepolicehadmovedquicklytoblockoffthearea.NowJimstoodacrossthestreetwiththeotherstudents,watchinginstunneddisbeliefasthefiredepartmentfoughtto(1)____controlofthefire.Butitlookedhopeless.Theeastendofthebuildingexplodedintoflames.Thenoisewassoloud(2)____evenJim,ashefiddledabsently(3)____thevolumecontroltohishearingaid,couldhearafaintroar.AcrossthestreetontheschoolgroundsMr.Maclntire,theprincipal,wasshoutingtothefirechief.Jimreadhislips,(4)____someofwhathesaidbecauseofthedistancebutgetting(5)____thanenoughtounderstand,“...eightstudentsandateacher...inabasementroom...trapped!”Thefirechiefshookhishead.Threetimes-alreadyfirefightershadtriedtoenterthebuilding,onlytobe(6)____backbytheheatandsmoke,andnowtherewasnohopeatall.Jimsawitinthechief’sface.Hisfriendsandtheteacherherespectedmorethanany(7)____wereasgoodasdead.Theyhadlittle(8)___tosurvivethesmoke,nottomentiontheheat.ItwasJim’sclassinthebasement,andheshouldhavebeenintherehimself.ButhehasstoppedinthehallupstairstotalktoMr.MaclntireaboutthePhonicEar.Itwasasmallradioreceiverpluggedintohishearingaid(9)___signalsfromatransmitterwornbyhisteachers.Bornwitha(10)____impairment,Jimhadhadproblemsinhisclasses.Hewasagoodlipreader,butlipreadingdidnotalways(11)____.Teacherssometimes,withoutthinking,(12)__theirfacesawaywhentalking.Makinggoodgradeshadbeenhardforhim(13)____hebegantousethePhonicEar.Nowheheardeverythinghisteachersaid,andhisgradeshadshot(14)_____.Thatwasonereasonhehadbeenplacedintheadvancedphysicsclass,theonlycoursestill(15)____inanyofthebasementfloorclassroomsoftheoldschool,(16)____wasundergoingrenovation.Anewwingwastobeaddedtothebackoftheschool.Heavyequipmenthadbeendiggingthenewfoundationsandhadbrokenagaslineleadingintothebasement.(17)____hewaslatetoclass,JimhadjustturnedawayfromMr.Maclntire(18)____theschoolbuildingwasrockedbyan(19)____.Smokerosefromthebasementstairwellandwasfollowedbyfire.Everyoneontheuppertwofloorshadgottenout.Buttherehadbeennoescapeforthose(20)____.

【答案】1.gain

2.that

3.with

4.missing

5.more

6.held

7.one

8.chance

9.toreceive

10.hearing

11.help

12.turn

13.so

14.up

15.taught

16.which

17.Because

18.when

19.alarm

20.below

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。gainthecontrolof控制…

2.考查固定搭配。so…that…如此…以致…

3.考查固定搭配。fiddlewith擺弄

4.聯(lián)系上下文可知由于距離比較遠，Jim不能夠聽清楚Maclntire所說的話，故填missing.

5.考查固定搭配。gettingmorethanenoughtounderstand…得到了足夠多的能理解的信息。

6.考查固定搭配。holdback阻止，聯(lián)系上下文可知，消防主管在搖頭，消防員已經(jīng)三次嘗試進入這棟樓，但他們都被濃煙和熱度所阻擋了，現(xiàn)在完全沒希望了。

7.anyone任何的。句意：他的朋友和他最尊敬的老師處于非常危險的境地。

8.根據(jù)句意可知此處指老師和學生有很小的從濃煙中生還的機會。

9.此處表示目的，句意：生耳是一個插在助音器上面的小小收音機，它從老師戴著的發(fā)射器那里接收信號。

10.由上文可知Jim有天生的聽力缺陷。

11.由下文可知老師在上課時經(jīng)常把臉轉(zhuǎn)過去，所以可推測能讀懂唇語也不一定總是有幫助。

12.turnaway轉(zhuǎn)過臉

1..由上文可知Jim由于聽力缺陷，很難有好成績，所以開始使用生耳。

14.shotup直線上升

15.高級物理課程是舊學校地下室教室里仍然被教的課程。course與teach之間是被動的關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。

16.本句是非限制性定語從句，缺少主語，故用which，指代“theoldschool”。

17.由上文可知Jim去找Maclntire關(guān)于生耳的問題，所以可推知他上課遲到了。

18.此處表示當他發(fā)現(xiàn)教學樓傳來的警報的時候，他正好剛剛從Maclntire那里轉(zhuǎn)過臉來。

19.句意：這棟教學樓被警報聲所包圍。

20.由上文提到的upper可知此空應填below。句意：在上面兩層的所有人都出來了，但是對于在兩層以下的人來說沒有逃生的機會。

7.問答題

Wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(A)courageouslyorincowardice,(B)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecide(C)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Andaswedecideandchoose(D)soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】B；改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Afteryearsofexpansion,thesmartphonemarketispeaking.Somefirmsstillthrive:China'sHuawei,atelecomsgiant,predictsthatrevenuesfromitsconsumer-devicesdivisionwillrisebyabout50%thisyear.ButXiaomi,aninnovativeelectronicsfirmonceseenasChina'sanswertoApple,islosingsteam.AppleitselfannouncedweakerresultsonApril26th.RevenuesfromsalesingreaterChinafellby26%yearonyear.Asthemarketfordevicesmatures,however,consumerspendingisshiftingtoservices:datausagehasgrownattriple-digitratessince2012.

UntillastyearhousepriceswererisingpredominantlyinprosperouscentralLondonboroughs.Thatwaslargelybecauseofaninfluxofcash-richbuyers,saysNealHudsonofSavills,anestateagency.Peoplesawposhpropertyinthecapitalasashelterfromeconomicturmoilabroad.ElsewhereinBritain,however,thehousingmarketwastorpid.Potentialbuyersstruggledtofindmortgages.Fallingrealwages,economicuncertaintyandthememoryofplummetinghousepricesduringthecrisiscurbedtheobsessionwithpropertyintheseareas.

【答案】經(jīng)過多年的擴張，智能手機市場正處于頂峰狀態(tài)。一些企業(yè)仍在茁壯成長：中國電信巨頭華為預測，其自身消費設(shè)備部門今年的收入將增長約50%。然而，曾經(jīng)被看成是中國對蘋果公司競爭回應的一家創(chuàng)新性電子公司小米卻正在失去收入增加的動力。在4月26日，蘋果自己也宣布了較弱的業(yè)績。蘋果在大中華地區(qū)銷售額同比下降26%。然而，隨著電子設(shè)備市場的成熟，消費者的支出也正在轉(zhuǎn)向服務方面：自2012年以來，數(shù)據(jù)流量使用一直保持三位數(shù)的增長率。

直到去年，在繁榮的倫敦市中心地區(qū)的房價一直在顯著上升。房地產(chǎn)中介第一太平戴維斯公司(SaviHs)的尼爾?哈德遜(NealHudson)聲稱，這在很大程度上是因為現(xiàn)金充裕的買家涌入。人們把首都的高檔房產(chǎn)看作是國外經(jīng)濟動蕩的避風港。然而，在英國的其他地方，房地產(chǎn)市場卻是萎靡不振的。潛在買家為了找到抵押貸款而苦苦掙扎。在經(jīng)濟危機期間，實際工資的下降、經(jīng)濟的不穩(wěn)定性和對房價暴跌的記憶都遏制了英國人對這些地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)的癡迷。

9.填空題

AlbertEinsteinonce(1)_________thecreativityofafamousscientisttothefactthathe“neverwenttoschool,andthereforepreservedtheraregiftofthinkingfreely.”Thereisundoubtedly(2)________inEinstein’sobservation:manyartistsandgeniusesseemto(3)________theirschoolingasabigdisadvantage.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsall(4)_______school.(5)_______didWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.Butsuchatruthisnotacriticismofschools.(6)_______isthefunctionofschoolstocivilize,nottotrainexplorers.Theexplorerisalwaysamiserablylonelyindividual(7)________hisorherpioneeringisinart,music,scienceandtechnology.ThecreativeexplorerofunmappedlandssharewiththegeniuswhatWilliamJamesdescribed(8)_______the“facultyofperceivinginanunhabitualway.”However,thesocialorderdemandsunityandwidespreadagreement,bothtraitsare(9)_______tocreativity.Therewillalwaysbe(10)_______betweenthedemandsofsocietyandtheimpulsesofcreativityandgenius.

【答案】1.attributed

2.truth

3.view

4.disliked

5.So

6.It

7.whether

8.as

9.destructive

10.conflict

【解析】1.考查上下文語義。句意：阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦曾經(jīng)將一個著名的科學家的創(chuàng)造力________于這樣的一個事實：他從未上過學，從而保留了自由思考的天賦。所以填入attributed表示“將創(chuàng)造力歸因于一個事實”。

2.考查上下文語義。句意：毫無疑問是________在愛因斯坦的觀點中：許多藝術(shù)家和天才似乎都______他們的上學經(jīng)歷為極大的不利因素。所以填入truth表示“愛因斯坦的觀點毫無疑問是真實的”。

3.考查上下文語義和搭配。句意：愛因斯坦的觀點毫無疑問是真實的：許多藝術(shù)家和天才似乎都_______他們的上學經(jīng)歷為極大的不利因素。所以填入view構(gòu)成搭配“view…as將……看作”，表示“都將他們的上學經(jīng)歷看作成極大的不利因素”。

4.考查上下文語義。句意：巴勃羅?畢加索、查爾斯?達爾文、馬克?吐溫，奧利弗?戈德史密斯，還有威廉?巴特勒?葉芝都_________學校。所以填入disliked表示“他們都不喜歡學?！薄?/p>

5.考查倒裝句語法。句意：溫斯頓?丘吉爾也一樣，他差點被哈羅工效開除，而這是一所名校。所以填入連詞so構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”表示“.….也一樣”。

6.考查語法。句意：引導探索者是學校的職責，而不是訓練探索者。此句中動詞不定式“tocivilize,nottotrainexplorers”為句子真正的主語，所以填入It作形式主語。

7.考查連詞。探索者總是一個孤獨的個體，無論他的創(chuàng)舉是在藝術(shù)、音樂、科學或是技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。所以填入whether構(gòu)成搭配“whether…or不論….或者….”，表示“無論是在藝術(shù)、音樂、科學或是技術(shù)領(lǐng)域”。

8.考查介詞搭配。句意：對于為開拓的領(lǐng)域進行探索的有創(chuàng)造力的人與天才具有共同之處，這種共同之處被威廉?詹姆斯描述為“不同尋常的感知能力”。所以填入as構(gòu)成搭配“describe…as…將……描述為……”。What引導賓語從句，作sharewith的賓語，表示“共同之處被描述為都不同尋常的感知能力”。

9.考查上下文語義。句意：然而，社會秩序要求團結(jié)和廣泛一致，這兩個方面對于創(chuàng)造力來說是________的。所以填入destructive表示“具有毀滅性的”。

10.考查上下文語義。句意：社會的要求和對于創(chuàng)造力和天才的需求之間總是會存在________。所以填入conflict表示“二者之間存在矛盾或沖突”。

10.單選題

CharlesDarwin's“OntheOriginofSpecies"iscreditedwithsparkingevolution'srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasArboretumdirectorJan.1,hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceonJan.10,until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin'sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman'stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin'sEvolutionistAncestors”tookplaceattheArboretum'sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin'swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies."Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedbookonnaturalselectionthatwouldn'tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace'sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.

ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho'dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea,somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave—suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies"wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea,"Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism."

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies"isgreatinthat（

）.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto

（

）.

3.InFriedman'sview,Darwin'soriginalityliesin

（

）.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideasin

（

）.

5.Scientificdiscoveryrequiresallthefollowingexcept（

）.

問題1選項

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolution

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

問題2選項

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefatherofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizehispredecessors'work

問題3選項

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginsofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

問題4選項

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterm

D.plainlanguage

問題5選項

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.”阿諾德植物園的新主管（WilliamFriedman）認為，使達爾文變得偉大的是他讓公眾理解進化論這個想法并接受它。因此D選項“它（《物種起源》）深受公眾的歡迎”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到“Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.”Friedman聲稱，達爾文將該‘歷史簡述’附加到自己杰作的后來版本上的目的是為了平息那些為自身更早想法要求榮譽的人。因此A選項“贊頌那些先于自己有關(guān)進化論的觀點”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第五段提到“ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.”雖然其他人在達爾文之前就已經(jīng)清楚地思考過進化論，但他并非沒有獨創(chuàng)性。弗里德曼說，達爾文關(guān)于自然選擇作為進化機制的思想很少有人贊同。因此A選項“他認為自然擇是進化機制”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第六段提到“ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.”Wallace的思想的出現(xiàn)促使達爾文寫“《物種起源》”，作為他在篇幅更大的著作中煞費苦心安排的那些觀點的一個“摘要”。注意題干中的“atfirst（起初）”，因此選A。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第二段大意為：雖然其他人在達爾文之前思考過進化論，但科學發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅僅需要一個想法。除了概念之外，發(fā)現(xiàn)需要理解這個想法的意義，一些早期的作者顯然沒有——比如柏樹學家，他把他關(guān)于自然選擇的想法埋在一本關(guān)于海軍木材的書的附錄中。最后，科學發(fā)現(xiàn)需要有能力讓別人相信一個想法是正確的。弗里德曼說，通過“《物種起源》”，達爾文是那個時代唯一擁有這三種特征的思想家。因此選C。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

中國央行數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年影子銀行融資占世界第二大經(jīng)濟體融資總量的近三分之一，凸顯中國影了銀行業(yè)的崛起。中國人民銀行表示，去年來自信托公司和影子銀行部門其他實體的融資金額創(chuàng)下歷史紀錄，占到全年總?cè)谫Y規(guī)模17.3萬億元人民幣(臺2.9萬億美元)的30%，髙于2012年23%的比重。

中國的影子銀行部門對地方政府債務的迅速增長起到了助推作用。地方政府近年紛紛建立表外工具借款，為開發(fā)項目提供資金支持。據(jù)中國國家審計署近期的一份報告似計，截至去年6月底，地方政府債務已接近3萬億美元，比2010年年底上一次審計時增長了70%。

【答案】TheriseofChina’sshadowbankingsectorhasbeenthrownintosharpreliefbydatafromthecentralbankshowingthatitaccountsfornearlyone-thirdofaggregatefinancingintheworld’ssecond-biggesteconomy.Fundingfromtrustcompaniesandotherentitiesintheshadowsectorrosetoitshighestlevelonrecordandaccountedfor30percentoftheRMB17.3tn($2.9tn)intotalcreditissuedlastyear,thePeople’sBankofChinasaid,upfroma23percentshareofaggregatefinancingin2012.

China’sshadowbankingsectorhashelpedfuelanalarmingrun-upinthedebtowedbylocalgovernments,whichhaveestablishedoff-balance-sheetvehiclestoborrowmoneyfordevelopmentprojects.ArecentreportbyChina’sNationalAuditOfficeestimatedthatlocalgovernmentdebtshadreachedalmost$3tnbyJunelastyear,rising70percentfromthepreviousauditattheendof2010.

12.問答題

AmongthemorebenignactivitiesoftheUnitedNationsisthededicationofvariousyearstospecificcauses.Mountains,deserts,riceanddialoguehaveallhadtheir365daysoffame.Thereislittleevidencethattheattentionhasdonemountains,desertsriceanddialogueanyharm—butalsonotmuchtosuggestthattheyhavebenefitedeither.

Inthenext12monthsthespotlightfallsonmicrofinance,thebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem.Withluck,theUN’seffortwillturnouttobesubstantialratherthansymbolic.Itcertainlykickedoffinstyle,withabigpartyattheUN’sNewYorkheadquartersthatdemonstratedhowfashionablethesubjecthasbecome.Amongthe700inattendanceweretopbankers,politiciansandafilmstarortwo.TheUNalsoannouncedtheappointmentofanadvisorypaneltoconsiderwhatmaybeimpedingthegrowthandeffectivenessofmicrofinance.

ThesuccessoftheyeardependstoagreatextentonwhethertheUNcanharnessitsmemberstatesandfinancialinstitutionstoestablishsomebasicfacts.Remarkablylittleisknownabouthowfinanceoperatesoutsidewealthycountries.Nogooddataexistonhowmanypeoplehaveaccesstofinancialinstitutions,thebreadthandpenetrationofbanksinpoorcountries,therealcostofaloanandthetimeittakestogetone,theeaseofmakingadepositandsoforth.

Microfinanceitselfissomethingofamystery.Therearenoauthoritativefiguresonthenumberandperformanceofmicrofinancelendinginstitutions.Thereisnotevenconvincinginformation,beyondlotsofanecdotesillustratedbyphotographsofwomeninruralvillages,aboutwhethermicrofinancemakesany.significantcontributiontoeconomicgrowthorismerelyanotherphilanthropicfad.

Inprinciple,loanstothepoorshouldbringgreatbenefits,becausethepoorhavelesscapitalandoftencanborrowonlywithgreatdifficulty.Ifatall,theyoughttouseextracapitalmoreproductivelythantherich.Indeed,thismightexplainwhyeveninthepoorestplacesthereissomeformofmoneylendingdespitestaggeringlyhighinterestrates;1,000%ayearisnotuncommon.However,suchratesinevitablytakeatollonenterpriseandeconomicgrowth.Theyearofmicrocreditwillhaveproventobeofgreatworthifitcanfirstdocumenttheimpedimentstomoreefficientformsoffinancialintermediationandthenbegintoclearthemaway.

Forexample,theUNwoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplaintthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbias.Iftheydo,theUN’sinterestmayhastenchange:somefinancialinstitutionsarealreadymakingeffortstoworkwiththepoor,eitherdirectlyorbyprovidingwholesaleservicestosmallerfinancialinstitutions.Andmanyworkinginmicrofinancecomplainthattheirsmallsizeandlackoftraditionalassetsmakeithardtoattractcapitaleitherontheirownaccountorthroughsyndicatedloans.Ayearhence,perhapssomeofthiswillbechanged.

Whatismicrofmance?Accordingtothetext,howisthecurrentperformanceofmicrofinance?(5points)

Whatarethepossiblebenefitsofmicrofinancetothepoorpeople?WhatshouldtheUNdotopromotemicrofinance?(5points)

【答案】第一問由文章第二段中“thebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem”可知答案；第二問由文章第四段內(nèi)容可知答案。

試題答案：

Accordingtothetext,microfinanceisthebusinessoflendingsmallamountsofmoneytothepoor,takingdepositsfromthem,transmittingmoneyontheirbehalfandinsuringthem.

Accordingtothetext,thecurrentperformanceofmicrofinanceisnotclearbecausetherearenoauthoritativefiguresonthenumberandperformanceofmicrolendinginstitutions,aboutwhethermicrofinancemakesanysignificantcontributiontoeconomicgrowthorismerelyanotherphilanthropicfad.

第一問由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“l(fā)oanstothepoorshouldbringgreatbenefits,becausethepoorhavelesscapitalandoftencanborrowonlywithgreatdifficulty”可知答案；第二問由文章最后一段中“theUNwoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplaintthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbias”可知答案。

試題答案：

Microfinancecanhelpthepoorsolvetheproblemofhavinglesscapital,andenablesthemtoborrowcapitalwithlessdifficultythanbefore.

TheUNshoulddowelltoaddressthecommoncomplainthatbanksignorethepooroutofclassbiastopromotemicrofinance.

13.填空題

Duringthepasttenorfifteenyearsagreatdealofattentionhasbeen（1）to“tellingitlikeitis,”“or“l(fā)ettingitallhangout.”Myimpressionisthatthisoverzealousdevotiontospeakingone’smindhasmoreoftenledtohurtfeelingsandruinedrelationshipsthantogreatjoyandfulfillment.

Ithinkwegenerallyagreethatneverexpressingrealfeelingsandrepressingallless-than-lovelythoughtsabouteachother

（2）

leadstoconstructivecommunication.It’sagreatrelieftoallowourselvestheluxuryofacknowledgingourhumanfrailtiesandpursuingmorehonestrelationshipswithothers.Butweneedtostrikea

（3）

betweentellingitallandtellingnothing.

RecentlyIreceivedaletterfromamotherwhohadbeenpersuadedbyhertroubledtwenty-five-year-oldsontoattendaweekendmarathonwithhim.Underpressurefromthegroup,herdefensescollapsedandsheheardherselftellinghersonforthefirsttimethathehadbeenanaccident—thatshehadn’tbeenplanningtohaveachild.Hein

（4）

toldherthathecouldn’trecallasingledayinhischildhoodthathe’dbeenhappy.

“Atthattime,”thiswomanwrote，“itseemedhelpful.Wecriedandwemade

（5）

;Ithoughttellingthetruthhadbeengoodforus.Butthetroubleis,itwasn’tthewholetruth.BythetimeTommywasbornIdidwanthim,andat

（6）

hewashappy.Eversincethatday,we’vebothbeenhauntedbysometerriblefeelingsweshared.”ImustadmitthatI’vecometotheconclusionthatsomethingsarebetterleftunsaid.Honestyisafinepolicyas

（7）

asweknowwhatthetruthreallyis—butmostofthetimewedon’t.It’safinegoaltoencouragechildrentoexpresstheirrealfeelings.Andmanymarriageshavebeensavedbyanopenconfrontationofdeepandpainfulmisunderstandings.Butweneedanewsenseofbalance.Disclosureisnotapanaceaforeveryproblem

（8）

evenanendinitself.It’susefulandfreeingundersomecircumstancesandterriblyhurtfulanddamagingunderothers.

It’sagoodidea,Ithink,to

（9）

yourtonguefortenorfifteenminutesbeforesayingwhat’s

（10）

yourmind.Trytodecidewhetherit’sgoingtoopenupnewandbetteravenuesofcommunicationorleavewoundsthatmayneverheal.

【答案】1.考查固定搭配。attention一般與give相搭配，此處表示被動，用被動語態(tài)given。

試題答案：given

2.考查上下文語義。此處表示從不表達真實的感情很取得有效的溝通，故用否定形式hardly，意為“幾乎不”。

試題答案：hardly

3.考查上下文語義。此句意為：但我們需要在說出這一切和什么都不說之間取得平衡。strikeabalance意為“達成平衡，調(diào)和折衷”。

試題答案：balance

4.考查介詞搭配。inturn意為“反過來”。

試題答案：turn

5.考查固定搭配。makeup意為“和解，和好”。

試題答案：up

6.考查固定搭配。attimes意為“有時”。

試題答案：times

7.考查固定搭配。aslongas意為“只要”。

試題答案：long

8.考查固定搭配。nor意為“也不”，not...nor意為“不……也不”，表示否定兩者。

試題答案：nor

9.考查固定搭配。biteone’stongue意為“忍住不說話”。

試題答案：bite

10.考查固定搭配。onone’smind意為“使人擔心，惦記”。

試題答案：on

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingChineseinto