2023年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題套

20２３年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(三)PartIWｒiting（３0ｍinｕtes)Directiｏns:Fｏｒthispａrt,youａrｅａllowed30minuteｓtowritｅａshortessayonｔｈefｏｌlｏwiｎgqｕｅｓtion．Ｙｏｕｓhoｕｌdwriteatleａsｔ1２0ｗoｒdsｂutｎomorｅthan180worｄs.SuppｏｓｅａｆｏrｅignfｒｉeｎｄｏｆyｏursiscomiｎgtovｉsiｔChｉnａ，whatiｓｔｈｅmｏstintereｓtingplaceｙoｕwouldlｉkｅtｏtakeｈimhertｏseeａｎｄwhy？注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡１上作答。ParｔⅡLiｓｔeningCompｒeｈensｉon(30minutes)SｅcｔionADirecｔioｎｓ:Inthisseｃtion,youwｉllheaｒ8ｓｈortconvｅｒsatiｏｎsand2ｌｏngｃｏnvｅrｓａt(yī)ｉｏns.Ａttｈeendofeaｃhconｖerｓatioｎ，oｎeormorequestionswillbeaｓｋedaｂouｔwhatwaｓsaid.Bｏththeｃｏnｖerｓationanｄｔhｅqｕesｔｉｏnｓｗilｌbespoｋenonｌｙonce.Aftｅreachｑuestｉｏｎｔｈerewillｂeapause．Dｕringthｅpａuse，youｍustreadtｈefoｕrcｈoicｅsmarkeｄＡ）,B）,C)andD),ａndｄｅcｉｄｅｗhｉchisｔhebｅstanｓｗer．ＴｈeｎmarkthecorrespｏndingｌeｔteronAnswｅrSｈeｅt1wｉｔhasingｌelｉnｅthrｏugｈtｈecentre.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。1.A）Itｃoｕldhelpｐeoｐleofaｌｌａgestoavoidcancｅr.B）Itwａsmａinlymeａnｔfｏrcancerｐatients.C)Itmｉghtａｐpeaｌmorｅｔovieｗｅrsｏver40.D）Itwasfrｅｑuentlｙiｎtｅｒｒuｐteｄbycｏmmｅrcｉals.2.A)Themanisfondoｆtraｖeling.C)Thewomantｏｏkalｏtoｆpictuｒeｓaｔthｅｃontｅst．B）Tｈewomａnisapｈotoｇrapｈer.Ｄ)Thｅmａnadmireｓｔhewoｍａｎ’stalentinwriting.3.A)Ｔhemａnregretｓbeingabｓeｎt-mｉnded.C)Tｈemａnpｌaceｄthｅreadｉｎgｌistoｎadeｓk.B)Thｅwomaｎsａvedthemansｏmetrｏublｅ.D）Theｗｏｍanemptiedｔhewastｅｐaperｂaskeｔ．4．A)ＨeｑuittｅachiｎgｉnJune.C)Ｈeopenｅｄaｒｅstaｕｒａntneａrtｈｅschｏol.Ｂ)Ｈeｈaslｅｆｔthｅarmyｒeｃenｔly．D)Hehａstaｋeｎｏverhｉsｂrｏther’sｂｕsinesｓ．5.Ａ)Sheselｄoｍreadsbookｓfrｏmｃoverｔocoｖer.Ｃ）Shｅｒeadｏnlyｐaｒｔoｆtｈeboｏk.Ｂ)Sheisｉnｔｅreｓtedinreadingnovels.D)Shewaseagｅrtoｋnoｗwhaｔthｅboｏkwasabｏut．６．A)Shｅwasａｂsentａｌlｗeekoｗinｇtosicｋｎess．B)Sheｗａｓseriouslｙiｎjuｒedinacaｒaccideｎt．C)Shecalｌｅｄtｏsａythathｅrhuｓbaｎdｈａdbeeｎhospitalized．Ｄ)Ｓhehａdtobeawaｙfｒｏｍｓｃhooｌｔoatｔeｎdtoherhuｓｂａnｄ.7.A)ＴhespeakersｗanttoｒenｔｔheSmiｔhs’oldhｏuｓe.B)TｈemanｌiveｓtwobloｃksａwayfrｏｍthｅSｍiths.Ｃ)Thｅｗomanisnotsureifsheｉｓｏntherｉｇhtstreeｔ．D)ThｅSmitｈｓ’nｅwhouseｉｓnotｆａrfｒｏmｔheiroｌdｏne．8．Ａ)Thｅｍanhadaharｄtｉmｅｆindingａｐarkingspacｅ.B)Thewｏmanｆouｎｄtheyｈadgottothewｒoｎｇspot．C）Ｔhｅｗｏmaｎwasoffeｎdedbｙtｈｅman'ｓlaｔearrｉval.D)Themaｎcouｌｄn'tｆｉnｄhisｃａrintｈｅｐaｒｋingｌot.Ｑuestioｎs9to12aｒebasedｏntｈｅconversaｔionyouhａｖeｊｕsｔhearｄ.9.A)Ｔheｈoｔｅlclerkhadputhisreｓerｖatｉonunderanothernaｍe.B)Thｅhotelｃlerkｉnｓistedthａt(yī)hｅｄidn'tmakｅaｎｙｒｅsｅｒvatｉon.Ｃ)Tｈeｈotelｃlerktriedtotakeaｄvantagｅoｆhisiｎeｘｐerｉｅnｃe.D)Thehｏtｅlclerｋcoｕｌdｎ’tfindhisｒeｓervａｔｉonfortｈatniｇht.１０.A)Aｇrａndweddingwasbeingｈｅlｄinthehoteｌ.B)Therewasaconfereｎceｇoinｇoｎinｔhecｉｔy．C）Thｅｈotelwasｕndergoiｎgmajoｒｒepairs.D）Ｉtwasabusyseasonforhoｌidaｙ-makers．11.Ａ)Itｗasfreeｏfcｈargeｏｎweｅｋｅｎdｓ.B）Ithａda15％ｄiscountoｎweekｄayｓ.C）Iｔwaｓｏffｅｒedtofrequenｔｇuｅsｔsonｌy．D)Itwas１０%cｈeaperthａｎinｏtherhotｅｌs.１２.Ａ)Dｅmandcompenｓaｔｉｏｎfroｍthｅhoｔｅl．Ｂ)Ａskfoｒａnａｄdiｔionaldiｓcount.C）Complaintothehoteｌmａnagｅr．D)Findａcｈｅapeｒｒooｍinａnotherhotel.Ｑｕestiｏnｓ13ｔｏ15arebaｓedontｈecｏnverｓａt(yī)ｉｏnyouhavｅjustheａrd13.Ａ)ＡnemployeｅｉｎtｈeciｔycounｃilatＢiｒmｉngｈａm．B)AssistantDiｒeｃｔｏroftheAdmiｓsionｓOfｆiｃｅ．C)ＨeadoftheOverseasＳｔudentsOｆfiｃe.D)SｅcretaryofBirｍinghamMeｄicalＳｃｈool.１４.A）Ｎearlyfiftｙpercｅｎtaｒcfｏreigners.C)AｌａrgemajorityａrefrｏmＬatinAｍerica.B)AｂoutfifｔeeｎｐerｃｅntarefｒｏmＡfrica.D)AｓmalｌnumberａrcｆroｍtheFarEaｓt.15.Ａ)Sheｗillｈａveｍorecontactｗithstuｄents．Ｃ）Shｅｗillbｅｍoreinvoｌｖedinｐolicy－ｍaｋiｎg.B）Iｔｗilｌbriｎghｅrcapaｂilityｉntofulｌerplay.D)Itwｉlｌｂeleｓｓｄｅmａnｄｉngthanherpresentjob．SeｃtｉｏnBDirections:Inthissectiｏn，ｙouwiｌlhｅａｒ3shortpassages.Aｔtｈeendｏｆeaｃｈpasｓagｅ，yｏｕｗiｌｌheａｒｓoｍeｑuestions．Bｏｔhtｈepaｓsageaｎdｔhequesｔiｏnsｗｉllbeｓpokenoｎｌyonce.Ａｆｔeｒyoｕheaｒａquｅｓtｉｏn,yoｕmusｔchoosｅtｈebeｓtａｎswｅrfromtｈeｆoｕrchｏicｅｓｍarkedＡ),Ｂ）,Ｃ)aｎdD).ThenmarｋｔhecｏｒrｅspondｉnｇｌetteronAnsweｒSheeｔ1withaｓｉnglelｉnetｈroｕｇｈtｈecentｒe．注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。ＰassageOneQuestions16to18arｅbａsｅdonｔheｐassageｙoｕhaveｊustheaｒd.16.A)Ｈeｒｐaｒentsthrｉｖedintheuｒbanｅnvironｍeｎt.C)Herpareｎtｓimmigrａt(yī)ｅｄtoAｍeｒiｃa.B)HerpａreｎｔsｌｅftＣｈiｃagoｔowｏrkonａfarm．D)Herｐarentｓsetupａniｃｅ-cｒeａmstore．17.A）HeｔａughtEnglishinChicagｏ．B)Hｅwａscripｐleｄｉnacaracciｄent.C)Heworkedｔobecoｍeanｅxecｕtive.Ｄ)Hｅwasbornwithalimp.1８.A）Ｓｈeｗasfondoflｉｖiｎｇaｎisolaｔedlife.B)ＳhｅwasｆascｉｎatｅｄbyAｍerｉcａncuｌtｕre.C）Shewasｖｅryｇｅｎｅrｏｕsｉnoｆferinghｅlp.D)Shewａshighlydevotedtoｈｅrfamily.PasｓageｔwoＱｕestiｏns19tｏ22aｒebasedontheｐassageyoｕhａvejｕｓtｈeａrｄ，19．A)Hesuffｅredaneｒvouｓbrｅａkdown.C)Heｗasseriouslyinjurｅd.B)Hewaswroｎｇｌyｄｉａgnoｓeｄ．D)Ｈｅdｅｖelopeｄaｓtrａngｅdiseasｅ．2０.A)Hewasａblｅtｏtalｋaｇain.C)HecouldtｅｌｌredaｎdblｕeaｐａrｔＢ)Ｈeracedｔｏtｈeｎurｓｉngｈoｍe.D)Hecouldnｏtｒecognizehiswiｆe21.Ａ)Ｔwｅｎty-niｎedays.C)Ｓeveralmiｎｕtes.B）Twoａｎdａｈalｆmｏnths．D)Fｏurteeｎhours.22．A)Ｔheｙwelｃoｍｅdthepublicityiｎthｅｍｅdia.B)Ｔheｙavoiｄedaｐpｅarｉngonｔeｌｅvｉsｉｏｎ.C)Theyreleaseｄaｖideooｆhisproｇresｓ.D)Tｈｅｙdｅcｌiｎeｄtogivedetａilsofhiscondｉtion.PａssaｇeThｒeeＱｕestions23to25aｒebaseｄontheｐａｓsaｇeyoｕhavｅjustheard.23.A)Foｒpeoｐｌｅtoshａreiｄeasandshowfarｍｐroｄuctｓ.B)Ｆoroｆfｉciaｌstoeducaｔethefarｍingcommunity.Ｃ)Forfarｍerstoexｃhanｇｅthｅirdailynｅｃｅｓsitiｅｓ.Ｄ)Forfａrmeｒｓtoｃｅlｅｂratetheiｒharｖｅsts．24.Ａ)Bｙbｒingｉｎｇａnanimalrarelｙseeｎｏnneaｒbyfarｍs.Ｂ)Bybringingabagofgｒainｉnexchanｇeｆｏｒaticket.C)Byofｆerｉｎｇtｏdｏｖolunｔｅe(cuò)rworkattheｆair.D)Bｙpeｒformiｎgasｐecialｓkillattｈｅｅntrance．２5．Ａ)ＴheycontribuｔetoｔhemodernｉzatiｏnofＡmericanfarmｓ.B)Tｈeyhelｐtｏｉncｒeａｓetｈesｔatｅgovernments’ｒevｅnue.C)Ｔｈeｙpｒｏviｄeasｔageｆoｒpeopletogiveｐｅrforｍances.D）ＴｈeyrｅmiｎｄAmerｉcansｏftheimportancｅofagrｉcｕltuｒe.SectｉonCDirｅcｔions:Inｔhｉｓsｅｃtｉon，youｗｉｌlheａrａpasｓagｅthｒeｅtｉmeｓ．Wｈｅｎtheｐａssageisreadfｏrthefirsttｉme，ｙoushouldliｓtencarefullｙｆoｒitｓgｅnerａlidｅa．Whｅntｈeｐaｓsageisｒeaｄforｔheｓecondtime，yoｕaｒerequiｒedtofillinｔheblankswｉththｅe(cuò)xaｃtwordｓyouｈavｅjustｈeaｒｄ.Fiｎａlly,whｅnthepassagｅisreadforｔheｔｈｉrｄtｉmｅ,yｏuｓhouｌdｃｈeckｗhatyoｕhavｅwｒｉｔｔen.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。Stuｄents’pressuｒｅsomｅｔimescomesfｒomtheirpareｎtｓ．Ｍoｓtpａrenｔsarewellmｅａnｉnｇ,bｕtsomeofｔhemareｎ’tveｒｙｈelpfulwithtｈｅproblemｓｔheirsｏnｓaｎddaｕghtｅrshavｅin_＿_(dá)２6＿＿_(dá)ｔｏcoｌlege,andafewofｔheｍseemtoｇoｏuｔoｆｔheirwaytoadｄtothｅirchilｄren’sdifｆｉcultｉes.Ｆorｏｎeｔhiｎg,ｐarｅntsａrｅｏfｔenｎｏt＿_(dá)_27___thekｉｎdsoｆproblｅmｓtheｉrchiｌdrenface.Theyｄon'treaｌｉzethatｔｈecoｍｐetitｉoｎis___２8___,thattｈerｅqｕiredstaｎｄardsofworkarehｉgher,aｎｄthａt(yī)ｔhｅｉrchildreｎmaynotbｅpｒepareｄfoｒｔｈechaｎge.___29___seeingA’sａｎｄＢ’ｓoｎhighschｏolreｐorｔcards,ｔheymaybeuｐｓetwhentheirｃhiｌdren’sfｉrst___3０___collegegradesareｂeｌowｔｈatlｅvel.Ａttheｉrｋindest,ｔｈeymaygenｔly＿_(dá)_31___wｈｙJohnorＭaryｉsn’tｄoｉngbｅtter,whetherhｅorshｅiｓtｒyinｇashaｒdａsheorsheshoｕld,anｄsoｏn.Attheirworsｔ,theymay＿_(dá)_32__＿ｔotaｋethｅｉｒchildrenｏutofｃｏllｅge,ｏｒｃｕｔoffｆunds．Sｏｍetimｅs,parentsregardｔheirｃhildrenaｓ_＿_(dá)33___ｏｆthｅmｓｅｌvesａndｔｈｉnkｉtｏｎlｙrigｈtanｄnaｔｕrａｌｔｈattheｙdetermiｎewhａt(yī)theircｈiｌｄｒendｏwｉthｔheｉrｌｉｖes.Ｉntheirinvolvemenｔaｎｄ_＿_(dá)34_＿_(dá)withtheircｈilｄｒｅn,theyfoｒgettｈateveryoneisdｉfｆerｅntanｄthaｔeａｃhpersonｍustｄeｖｅｌopiｎhisｏｒheroｗnway．Theｙforｇｅｔthａt(yī)tｈeirｃhildｒen,ｗhoａreｎoｗyｏungadulｔs,mustbetheｏnes___35___whattｈeydoａｎｄwhattｈeyare.PａｒｔⅢReadingＣomprehensiｏn(4０minｕｔes)SeｃtiｏnAＤｉrｅcｔions:Inthisｓection,thereｉsａpａｓｓａgｅwithｔｅnbｌａｎks.Yｏｕaｒerequｉｒeｄtｏselectonｅｗｏｒdforeachblanｋfroｍａｌｉｓtofｃhｏｉｃesgｉｖeniｎawｏｒdｂaｎkfolｌｏｗingtｈｅpaｓｓaｇｅ,Reaｄthｅpaｓsaｇethrougｈcarefullyｂefoｒｅmaｋinｇyouｒcｈoiｃｅs.Ｅachｃhoiceinｔhebankisｉdｅnｔifiedbyaletｔeｒ．PlｅasｅmarkthｅｃorrespｏｎdｉngletterｆorｅａchitｅmｏnAnswerSheet2withａsiｎglｅliｎｅthroughtｈｅcentre.Yｏumaynoｔｕｓeanyoftｈｅｗｏｒdsｉnthebanｋmoreｔhaｎoncｅ.Quｅstｉｏnｓ36to４5arｅｂａseｄｏnthefollowingpassage.Thｅfactis,ｔheｗoｒldhaｓbeｅnfinｄingleｓsoilｔｈanitｈａｓbeenusｉngforｍoreｔhantwｅntyｙeａｒsnｏw.Notonlyｈasdeｍａｎdbeen___36＿_(dá)＿butｔhｅoilｗehａvebeenfinｄｉnｇｉscomiｎgｆromｐlaｃestｈａt(yī)are___37_＿＿ｔoｒeach.Aｔtｈｅsametime，mｏrｅoｆthisnｅwlｙ___38__＿oilｉsofthetypｅｔhａｔrｅquiｒesagreaterinveｓtmeｎtｔo_＿_(dá)3９_＿_(dá).Andbecａusedemａnｄｆoｒthｉｓpreciousreｓｏｕrcｅwｉlｌgroｗ，ａccｏｒdingtosome,ｂyoｖer4０perceｎｔby2025,fuｅlｉngtｈeworｌd’ｓeconomic＿_(dá)＿４０_＿＿ｗillｔaｋｅａｌotmorｅe(cuò)nerｇｙfroｍeｖｅrypｏsｓibｌesouｒcｅ.Ｔheenｅrgｙiｎdｕstrｙｎeedstogetmorefromexｉsｔｉnｇｆielｄswhiｌeｃonｔiｎuｉnｇtosearchfornｅw_＿_(dá)４1_＿＿Auｔoｍakersｍustcoｎｔｉｎueｔoiｍproｖefuｅｌefficienｃｙandperｆecthybrｉd（混合動(dòng)力的)ｖｅhｉcles.Technologicａlｉｍproｖeｍentｓａrenｅｅdedsｏthaｔwｉnd,ｓolarandhydrogenｃanbｅmorｅ___42_＿_(dá)ｐaｒtｓｏftheenerｇyｅquａt(yī)ion.Gｏveｒnmentsｎeedｔoformｕlateｅｎｅrｇypｏliciestｈatprｏmote___4３___andenvironｍentalｌysｏunｄｄeｖeloｐｍenｔ.Ｃonsｕmerｓmustbewilliｎgtopayforsｏmeofｔheｓesoluｔｉonｓ,whileｐractｉciｎgｃonseｒｖａｔiｏnｅffｏｒｔｓoｆｔｈeｉrown.Ｉnacｔionisｎｏtaｎ＿_(dá)＿44___.Sｏleｔ＇sworktogｅtheｒtｏbalancｅtｈisｅqｕatioｎ．Wearetakｉngsｏmｅｏｆthe___４5___neｅdedtogetstaｒｔeｄ，bｕtwenｅｅdｙｏｕrhelpｔogｏthｅresｔoftｈｅwaｙ．注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A)cｏnseｑｕｅnｔlyB)ｃuｌｔivaｔeC)ｄeｃlｉningD）deｒivedＥ)difficultF)dｉscoｖｅredG)eｃonｏｍiｃａllyＨ)eｘcｅptｉonＩ)fｅａsibleJ)growtｈK)oｐｔｉonL)reｆinｅM）reservesN)soａriｎgO)steｐsSectiｏnＢDireｃtｉｏnｓ：Iｎｔhissecｔｉoｎ,youarｅgoiｎgtｏreadaｐaｓｓaｇewitｈｔｅnstatｅmeｎｔsaｔtachedtoiｔ.Eachsｔatｅmentcontaiｎsinfoｒmationgiveninｏneofｔｈeparagraphs．Identｉfｙｔｈｅpａragｒａｐhｆromwhichtheinformationisderｉved.Youｍayｃｈooｓｅａpａraｇrapｈmｏｒethanｏnｃe.Ｅａchｐaraｇraphisｍarkeｄｗｉｔhaleｔtｅr.AｎswertｈｅquestioｎsｂymarｋiｎgthｅcｏｒrｅｓponｄｉnglettｅronAnsｗerＳheet２.ＩＣrｙ，Tｈerｅfore1AｍA)Ｉｎ2023，ａt(yī)aＧermanzoｏ,agorilla(大猩猩)namedＧanagavebirthtoamaleinfaｎｔ，wｈodiedaｆterｔhreｅｍontｈs.PhotoｇraphsofGana,ｌooｋingｓtrickｅnandｉｎcoｎsolaｂlｅ(傷心欲絕的),attｒacｔedcrowdstoｔhezoo.Sadａstｈesceneｗas，thehｕmans，ｎotGana,werethｅonlyonesｃrｙｉnｇ．Tｈenotioｎｔhaｔanimalscanｗｅe(cuò)phasnosｃientificｂasiｓ.YeaｒsofｏbｓｅrｖaｔioｎsbｙbｉologisｔsDiａnFoｓsey,wｈｏobservｅdgｏrｉｌｌaｓ,aｎdJaneGｏｏｄａll,ｗhoworkedwitｈchimpanzｅｅs(黑猩猩）,coulｄnotproveｔｈatａnimalscrytｅａrsfｒomemｏtｉon.Ｂ)It’stｒueｔhaｔｍａnｙanimaｌsshedteａrs,especiallyinｒesponsetｏpaiｎ．Teａrspｒotectｔｈeeｙebｙkeｅpingiｔｍoiｓt．Bｕtcryingaｓａneｘpｒeｓsioｎofｆeｅliｎgiｓunｉｑuetohuｍaｎsandｈasplａyｅdanessentｉａlrｏleinhumaneｖoｌutｉoｎandｔhｅdｅvelopmentoｆhumaｎｃuｌｔｕres．C）Witｈinｔwｏdaysaninｆanｔｃanｉｍitatｅsaｄａndhａppyｆaｃes．Iｆaｎinｆａnｔdoesnｏｔcryout,itiｓunlikelｙｔogｅttheaｔｔentｉoｎiｔｎｅe(cuò)dｓtosurviｖe.Ａroｕnｄ3-4mｏnths，therｅlatioｎshipbetｗｅe(cuò)ｎｔhehumaｎinｆantａnditｓｅnvironmenttaｋesonamoｒeorｇaｎizedｃommｕnｉcａt(yī)iverole，ａndtearfｕｌcｒｙiｎgｂeginｓtoseｒｖeinterpｅrsonaｌpurposｅｓ:tｈeｓeaｒchｆｏrcoｍｆｏrtａndpacificatioｎ(撫慰）．Asｗｅｇetolder,crｙingbecoｍｅｓaｔoolｏｆｓocialiｎterａctｉon：griefandｊｏｙ,ｓhamｅanｄprｉde,fearａndmaｎipuｌation.Ｄ)Tearsaｒeaｓｕniveｒｓalaｓｌaughter，andgrieｆiｓｍoｒｅcｏmplexthａｎjｏy.Butalthoｕghｗeａllcｒy,weｄosoiｎdiffeｒeｎｔｗａｙs.Womencｒymoreｆｒequenｔｌyａndintenselｙｔhanmen,eｓpecialｌyｗｈeｎｅxposedtoemotionaｌeｖenｔs．Ｌｉｋecrｙing,depｒeｓsｉoniｓ,arｏunｄtheｗorlｄ,morecｏmmｏｎlyseｅninwｏmenｔhａninｍｅn.Oneexpｌaｎatｉｏnｍightｂethatwｏmen,whoｄespitedecａｄesｏfsｏcｉalａdvanｃeｓstillsufｆerfｒomeconoｍicｉｎequaｌitｙ,disｃrｉｍｉnatiｏn(歧視)ａndevｅｎvｉolence,mｉｇhthａvemoretoｃryabｏut.Mｅnnoｔonｌｙｃryｆorshorterperｉodsｔｈanwomen,butthｅyalsoareleｓsinclinedtoexpｌaiｎthｅiｒtearｓ，usuallyshedtheｍｍoｒequｉetlｙ,aｎdtｅnｄmorefrｅｑｕeｎtlyｔoapologizｅwhentheｙcryoｐenly.Meｎ,likｅｗomen，rｅportcryingatthedeathofaloveｄonｅａｎdinrｅspoｎsetｏamovinｇｒeligｉｏuseｘpｅriｅnce.Thｅyａremoreｌｉｋelyｔhaｎwomeｎtocrywｈｅｎthｅircoreiｄenｔities—ａsprovidｅrsａndｐｒotectｏｒs,asfathersaｎdｆiｇhterｓ—aｒequesｔioned.E)Ｐeoplewhoｓcoｒeｏｎｐｅrsonaliｔytestsaｓmoreｓympathｅtiｃcrｙmｏrｅｔhａｎthoｓｅｗhoａreｍorerｉgidorhavemｏrｅsｅlf－ｃontroｌ.Frｅquencｙofcrｙinｇｖaｒiｅsｗiｄely:sｏmeｓhｅdｔeａrsaｔanynoｖelormoｖie,otheｒsonlyahandfuloｆtiｍｅｓintheirｌives.Cｒｙinginreｓpｏnｓeｔoｓtresｓａndconfｌictintheｈｏme,ｏｒafｔerｅｍotionaltｒauｍa(創(chuàng)傷)，lasｔsmuｃhｌongｅrthａntearｓiｎdｕcｅｄｂyevｅrydaｙｓadneｓs—wｈｉchｉntｕrnlａsｔｌongerthantearsofdeliｇhｔandjoy.F)Sadｎessｉsoｕｒprｉｍaｒyassociａt(yī)iｏnｗithcrｙing,ｂｕtthefａｃtisthaｔpeopｌereｐoｒｔfｅe(cuò)ｌinｇhａpｐiｅraftercｒyinｇ．Surｖeysｅsｔimatethaｔ8５%ofｗomeｎａｎd73%ofmeｎｒepoｒtfｅe(cuò)liｎgｂetｔerａftｅrsｈeddingteａrs．Ｓｕｒpｒiｓiｎｇly,cｒｙingisｍorecommonlｙassociaｔｅdｗithminorformsｏfdｅprｅｓｓionthanwiｔhmajoｒdｅpreｓsioｎinvｏlvingsuicｉdalthoughｔｓ.G)Peoｐlewidｅｌyreportthatｃryiｎgreｌｉｅveｓtｅnsion,rｅstorｅseｍotｉoｎａlbａlancｅandprovides“catharｓｉs．”awaｓhingｏutofbadｆeelings.Thｅterｍ“cａt(yī)ｈaｒsis”haｓrelｉｇｉｏuｓｉmplｉcatiｏnsoｆrｅｍoviｎｇevilandsｉn；it’sｎosuｒpriｓeｔｈaｔrｅligiouscｅrｅmoｎiesare,aｒｏuｎdthewoｒlｄ,oｎeｏfｔhｅmaiｎｓetｔingsｆｏｒtｈereleａseoｆｔeaｒs.H)Crｙｉngｉsａｎearlｙuｎｉｖｅrsalsiｇnofgｒieｆ,thｏｕｇｈsoｍemourｎｅrsrepoｒtthat，ｄespiｔｅｇｅnuｉnｅsorｒow,theyｃaｎｎotｓhｅdtears—sometｉmeseｖenｆｏryeａrｓａftertheiｒlovedoｎehasgｏｎe．Ｕnlikｅtoｄay，ｗheｎtheprivacｙｏfgrｉeｆismorerespｅcted，theｐublicorｃeｒemｏniaｌsｈeddｉｎｇoｆtｅarｓ，atthegraｖesｉdeｏfaspｏuｓeorthｅfｕnｅrａlofaｋiｎgorqueen，wａｓonceconsiderｅdｓoｃiａｌlyｏrｅvenpoｌiｔｉcalｌｙessｅｎtial.I)Cryinghａｓalsoserｖedｏthｅrsｏcialpurpoｓes．RｏｕssｅauｗroteｉnhｉｓCｏnfesｓionsthaｔｗhilｅheｃｏnsｉderedteaｒstｈｅmoｓｔpoｗerｆｕleｘpressionｏｆlove,heaｌsojustｌikedtｏcryｏvｅrnothing.J)Theａssociaｔｉonｏftearｓwithaｒthaｓancienｔｒoｏts.TheclassiｃＧreektrageｄiesｏftｈefifｔhcentｕryB．C．wereprimarｉlycelebratioｎｓoｆｇｏｄｓ．Ｔｒagedies，likeｐoｅtrｙaｎdｍｕｓｉc,ｗerestaｇeｄｒｅlｉｇiouｓevｅnｔs.Eｖentｈenitwasｒecognizｅdthatcｒyｉnginｒespｏnsetodramabroughtpｌeasｕｒe．K）Ihａｖearguｅdthatthereaｒeneuｒobioloｇiｃaｌ(神經(jīng)生物方面的）assｏciaｔｉonslｉnkingtｈeartsandｍoｏｄdisoｒｄers.WhenIlecturｅoｎcｒyiｎg,Ｉａskmｙaudｉenceｔoｌetmeknｏw,byａｓｈoｗｏfｈands,whicharｔｆｏrmsmostmｏｖethｅmtotears.Aboｕｔ8０％saｙmｕsｉc,followｅｄｃlｏselybyｎovels(74%)，buｔthentheｆｉgｕresfａllsｈarｐly,to43%，forｐoetry,anｄ10-2２％ｆoｒpaiｎtiｎgs,sculptureanｄａrｃhiteｃture.L)Ｔｈephysiｃaｌactofcｒyingismａｉnｌyoｎｅofbreaｔhinginaiｒ,whｉcｈisｗhyｗechokeupwheｎｗeweeｐ．Thissuｇｇestｓtolaｎguagesciｅｎtiｓtstｈaｔemotionalcryiｎｇeｖolｖedbeforelａnguage,ｐｅｒｈapsｅxplainingwhytearsｃｏmｍunicatｅstatｅsｏfminｄandｆeelingsthatareoｆｔeｎsoｄiｆficulｔtoexｐｒessｉnwords.Ofcoｕrsｅ,fｒomaｎｅｖolutｉonarｙｐｅｒspｅctiｖe,reｃogｎitionｏfemotion（ｕsuaｌlytｈrｏughfaｃｉalgｅｓture)ｗasｅsｓentiaｌforsurvival.M)Theearlｉestｈuｍansarrｉｖｅdseverａlmiｌlｉｏｎyeａｒｓago,butonly１50０0０to2000０0ｙｅａｒsagｏ,didｃultuｒeｓ,langｕａge,religｉｏnandtheａrtsａriｓe．Alｏngtｈeway,tearsbeｃaｍｅmｏretｈanａbioｌｏgicａｌｎeｃeｓsiｔｙｔolｕbｒicate（潤(rùn)滑)tｈeeyeandｄｅvelｏpｅｄｉntoasｉｇnｏfintenseｅmotionanｄａｓiｇnalｏfｓociaｌbonding.Tｈedevelｏpmenｔofｓelf-conscｉoｕｓnｅssandthenotionｏfindｉviduａlideｎtｉty,orego;sｔｏｒyｔｅｌlｉnｇａbouttｈeｏrｉginsoｆthｅｗorld,ｔheｃreatｉonofhｕmanityandｌifeａftｅrdeath;andthｅabilitｙtoｆeeｌｏthers’sａdｎesｓ—allwｅreｃriticａｌｐartsoftheneurｏbiologiｃaｌcｈangesthatｍadｅｕshｕman.N)Mｏrｅrｅcently,we’velearｎedfrｏmneurosｃiｅncethatｃerｔainｂrａinciｒcuiｔs(回路）areactiｖated（激活)，raｐidlyandｕnｃonsｃiｏｕsly,whenweseeａnｏｔheｒiｎeｍotiｏnａldiｓｔreｓｓ.Inshort,oｕrbｒainevｏlvｅdｃircuitstoalｌowｕｓtoexperiencesyｍｐatｈy，whｉｃｈinｔｕrnｍadeciviliｚａt(yī)ioｎ，andanetｈicsｂａsedonsympａｔｈy,ｐossible.Sｏthenexttｉmeyoureaｃｈatisｓuｅbox,ｏrｓobonaｆrｉend’sｓｈouldeｒ，orshedtearｓaｔthｅmovies,ｓtopaｎdreflectonwhｙｗecryaｎdwhａt(yī)itmｅanstoｃry．Becausｅuｌtimately,wｈilｅｗeloｖetocry,ｗeaｌsｏcｒｙtolove．注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡２上作答。46.Noｗadayspｅoplｅresｐecttheｐrｉvacｙｏfgｒiefmorｅthaｎｉntｈepast.47．Infanｔｓcrｙtoattrａctatteｎtioｎｆｏｒsurｖｉval.４8．Ｔheｒeisnｏscientificevｉdencｅasｙeｔthａt(yī)animalscanshedteaｒｓfromemotｉon．49.Teａｒｓｃａnｐerformcerｔaincommｕｎiｃａt(yī)ivefunctｉｏnswhｉchwordsｃannoｔ．50．Ｏuraｂilitytoexperiencesyｍｐａｔｈyisesｓeｎtialtｏthｅdevｅｌoｐmｅntofciｖilizatｉoｎ.51.Peopｌeareｍoreiｎclinedｔocrywｈensufｆeriｎgminorｆｏrmｓｏfdｅpression．５２.Sometimeｓpeoplecaｎnotcrydespitｅgｅnuinegrief.53.Ｉnhｕmaｎs＇lonｇhiｓｔorｙ,ｔeaｒｓｈａvｅdevelopedaneｓseｎtialroleinｓocialrelａt(yī)ｉonshｉps.５4．Meｎaｒelesslｉkｅlytogiｖｅreasonｓfortｈeｉｒtears.５5.Ｃｒyinghaslｏｎgbeenａssocｉateｄwithａrｔ.SeｃtioｎＣDｉrecｔｉoｎs:Ｔheｒｅａｒｅ２pasｓaｇesｉｎｔｈisseｃtion.Eachpａssageiｓfｏllowｅdｂyｓoｍequesｔiｏnｓorunｆinishedstａｔeｍｅnts.ForeacｈｏfthemtherearefouｒｃhoicesmaｒkedＡ),B),C)anｄD).ＹoushoｕlddeｃiｄｅonthebesｔchoiｃeandｍａrktｈｅｃoｒrespondinglettｅronＡnswｅrSheet2witｈasiｎｇlelinethｒougｈthecｅntｒe．PaｓｓageOnｅQuｅｓｔions56tｏ６0arｅbasedoｎｔhｅfollowｉnｇｐassａｇe．Ｈoｓpitalｓ，hoｐｉngtocｕrbmediｃａlerroｒ,haｖeiｎｖesｔedｈeａviｌytopｕtｃomｐｕｔers,smaｒtｐhoｎeｓａndotheｒdevｉｃesintotｈｅhａnｄsｏfmedｉｃalstafｆｆorinstantaccesstoｐａt(yī)ientｄata,druｇinｆormatiｏnandcasestuｄｉｅｓ.Buｔlikeｍanycures,thissoｌuｔiｏnhａsｃomewｉthanunｉntenｄedsｉdeeffect：ｄｏcｔorsandnursescａnbefocusedoｎthescｒｅe(cuò)nandｎotthｅｐaｔienｔ,evｅndurｉｎgｍomentsｏfcrｉticalcarｅ.Aｐolｌsｈowｅdthaｔhalｆｏfmedicａltechnｉｃiａnｓhａdadmiｔtedteｘtingduringａprｏcｅdure.Ｔhiｓphenoｍenonhasseｔoffaｎｉnｔensiｆｙingdiscussiｏnatｈｏspｉtalsandｍedicalschoolｓａbouｔaprｏｂlemperhapｓbｅｓtdeｓｃribedas“disｔracteddｏctoring.”Ｉｎresｐonｓｅ，soｍeｈosｐitalshavebegunｌimiｔｉngtheuｓeofｅlectronｉcdeviｃesiｎcriｔｉcalsｅｔtingｓ,whilesｃhooｌｓｈavｅｓｔartedreｍindingmｅdiｃalstｕdeｎtstofocusoｎpatientsｉnｓteadoｆdｅvicｅs．“Yｏujｕstifycarrｙingｄｅvｉｃeｓarｏuｎdｔheｈospｉtａlｔｏｄｏｍｅｄｉcａlrｅcoｒds,butyoucanｓｕrfｔhｅInｔｅrnetｏrｄoFaccｂook,ａｎdsｏmetimesFaceｂooｋisｍoｒｅtempting,”sａｉｄＤr.PetｅrPａpadａkｏsattheUnｉvｅｒsityofRoｃheｓｔerMedicaｌCenｔeｒ.“Mｙgｕｔfeｅlｉｎg(本能的感覺(jué))ｉsｌivesaｒeｉｎｄａnger,”sａｉdＤr.Paｐadakos．“Wｅ’renoteｄucａt(yī)ingpeopｌeａｂoｕttheproblem,andit’ｓｇeｔtｉｎgwｏrse.”Aｓurveyｏf439medｉｃaltechｎicｉanｓfｏundｔhａt(yī)5５ｐeｒcｅｎｔofｔｅcｈniｃiaｎswｈｏmoｎitoｒbｙpａｓsmacｈinｅｓacknoｗledgｅdtｈattheyhadtａlkｅdoｎceｌｌphoｎesduｒｉngｈearｔsurｇｅry.Haｌfsaiｄtheyｈaｄｔextｅdwhｉleinｓurgery.Thesｔudycoｎｃluｄed,“Ｓuｃｈdistractｉonshavethｅｐotｅntiaｌｔoｂeｄisastroｕs.”Mｅdicaｌprofｅssiｏnalｓｈavealwayｓfacediｎterrｕｐtioｎsfromcｅllｐhones,andｍultｉtａsｋingｉssimｐlｙafactoflｉｆeformａｎymｅdicaljｏｂs．Whathａschａnged,saydoctors,ｅｓpeciａllｙｙoungerones.isｔhａｔtｈｅyfaｃeincreasingpressｕreｔoiｎteractwithｔheｉrdevices．Tｈｅｐresｓurestemsfｒｏmamantｒa(信條）ofｍodｅrnｍedｉciｎeｔhaｔpaｔientｃａｒemuｓtbe“ｄａt(yī)aDrｉｖen,”aｎｄinfｏrmｅdbyｔｈeｌateｓｔ,insｔaｎtlyacｃessibleiｎfoｒmatiｏn.Ｂｙｍaｎyaccountｓ,tｈeｔechｎoloｇyｈaｓｈelpｅｄreｄuｃeｍedｉcaｌeｒrｏrｂyｐrovｉdinｇinstantａｃｃeｓsｔopatieｎtdataorprescriｐtioｎdetａils．Dｒ.ＰeterCａrｍｅｌ，preｓidｅnｔofｔｈeＡmｅricanMｅdiｃaｌAssociaｔion,ｓaidｔeｃhnｏｌogy"oｆｆersgreatpotentialinｈealｔｈcare.”ｂuｔheaddeｄthａt(yī)ｄocｔors＇firstpｒiｏritｙsｈouldbewiththepatient.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。５6.Ｗｈydohｏｓｐitalseqｕiptｈｅirstaffｗｉtｈcompｕterｓ，ｓmａrtphonｅsaｎdｏtherdeｖices?Ａ)Ｔoｒeducemedicalｅrror.Ｃ)Tofａcｉｌitａt(yī)eａdｍinｉｓｔratiｏｎ.B)Ｔｏcopeｗithemeｒｇｅncieｓ.D)Toｓimｐliｆyｍｅｄiｃａlprｏceｄuｒes.57.Whatdoesthｅauｔhorrefertoｂｙ＂distrａｃteddocｔorｉｎg＂？A)Theｄｉsseｒviceｄoｎebymoderｎdevicestｏdocｔｏrｓ,nｕrses,asｗｅlｌaspatients.B)Ｔheteｎdeｎcｙｏfmedicalinstitutｉｏnsｅｎcourａｇinｇtｈeｕsｅoｆmoderndevｉcｅs.C)Theｐrｏbｌemofdevicespｒeventingdｏｃtorsfromfocusiｎｇoｎtheirpatientｓ.D)Theｐhｅnomｅnonｏｆmeｄｉｃalstａｆfattendiｎgtoperｓonaｌaffａirswｈileworking.5８.WhatｄoeｓDr．PeｔeｒPapadakoswｏrrｙabout?A)Ｍediｃaｌｓtｕdentｓarenotaｄequatelytraiｎedtｏusemoderntｅchnoloｇy.B)Ｄoctoｒｓ'iｎterａctionwiｔhｔｈeｉｒｄevｉcesmａyendaｎgｅrpaｔients'livｅs．C)Docｔｏｒsaｒｅrelｙinｇtooheaｖilｙonmｏｄernelｅctronｉcｔechｎｏlogy.D)Ｐrｅssureｓonｔhemedｉcalprｏfessｉonｍaybecomeoverｗhｅlminｇ．59.Whｙdodoctoｒsfeeｌincrｅasｉngpresｓuretousｅmoderndevices？A）Ｐaｔientstｒｕstｄocｔorswhousemoderntecｈnoｌogy.B)Uｓeofmoｄerndevｉｃeｓadｄstohｏsｐｉtａls'ｒeｖenｕｅs.C)Daｔaｉsgiｖｅntoｏmｕｃhiｍportａｎceｉnpatiｅntcaｒe．Ｄ）Patiｅnts'datａhastｏberevisｅdfrｏmtimetotiｍｅ.60．Ｗｈａt(yī)iｓPeterＣａｒｍｅl＇sａdviceｔodｏctoｒs?Ａ)Theyfoｌlowcloｓeｌyｔｈeａdｖａnceｓiｎmｅｄicalscieｎcｅ.B)Theyfｏcｕｓtheirattｅｎｔiononthｅｐatient＇sconｄｉｔｉon.Ｃ)Tｈeｙｏbｓerveｈｏspｉtaｌrulesandrｅｇulaｔions.D)Thｅyｍakｅthebestｕｓeofmoｄerｎｄeｖｉceｓ.ＰassageTwoQueｓtions61ｔo65arebasedｏnthｅfollowiｎｇpａssagｅ．Ihaｖｅclｏsｅlywatchedmygeneratioｎ,ｋｎownasTｈeMiｌｌennials.for29yearsnow．ＪｏelSteｉnwｒotｅaｎextensivepiｅｃｅonＭiｌlennialsandｈeremaｉnｓraｔheroptiｍｉsticaboｕtoｕrpotenｔial.Iｈｅsiｔatetｏsｈareｈisoptiｍisｍbecauseoｆａpaｒadｏｘ(矛盾的現(xiàn)象）weseemtoeｘhiｂiｔ，ｎamｅly,thａｔtheｒｅａremoreavｅｎuesfｏrustoenteｒtａinｏuｒsｅlｖestｈａnｅvｅｒbefoｒe,yeｔweaｒemorｅborｅdthanevｅrbeｆoｒe.Enｔｅrｔaiｎｍeｎｔｈａsｎeveｒbeenmorｅvariｅd.Weｈavemorｅcablｅchａｎnelｓ,teｌeviｓioｎｓhows，aｎdmｏｖiesthaneｖｅrbefoｒe.Intｅrneｔｐrovｉｄeｒsalｌowinsｔａntvｉewiｎｇoｆalmostanｙｍoｖieortelevisiｏnprogｒａmeverｃreated.SoｃiaｌdrinkingandpａrtyingarealsoｗiｄelｙaｖａilaｂｌeforＭiｌlennｉａls．Eｖeｒyｇenerａt(yī)iondevelopｓｔhｅseｈabiｔsaｔacertaiｎage,butＭillｅｎｎialssｅｅmｔｏbｅe(cuò)ｘｔeｎdinｇtｈisphaseofliｆeastheyｐostｐonｅmarｒｉａge.SoｍeofthｉsｉsｕｎdｏubtｅdlyduetoTheGreatReｃeｓsion．Miｌlennｉalsarchaｖingaｄｉｆｆｉculttimefｉndiｎgjoｂｓ;oｎly4７percentof1６-to-24-ｙear-oldsareempｌoyeｄ,thｅsmalleｓtshａrｅsｉnceｇｏvｅrｎmentstaｒｅdrｅｃoｒdｉngdａt(yī)ain19４8.ＢｕtｄｏＭiｌlenniａlｓrespoｎdｔoｔheseeconomｉctrouｂｌeｓbydｏingｗhateverｉtｔａkｅｓtomakｅe(cuò)ndｓmeeｔ？Hａrdlv．Ｉnｆaｃt,ofｔhe