初中賓語從句及練習(xí)題

賓語從句.概念：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。.結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句。主要內(nèi)容：1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓從：（1）當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)閠hat在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。例句：LinTaofeels（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.（林濤覺得他自己的隊(duì)伍越來越好了。）Hesaid（that）hewouldliketolookafterhismother.（他說他想去照顧他的媽媽。）（2）在帶有復(fù)合賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例句：Ithinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.（我認(rèn)為他向每一個人撒謊是錯誤的）（3）在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad，pleased，happy等）作表語時(shí)，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句。例句：我們確信我們隊(duì)會贏這場比賽。We’resure（that）ourteamwillwin.（4）有些介詞，如at,with,expect等，可帶that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。2.if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí)，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語中常用if），因?yàn)閕f/whether翻譯成：“是否”，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略。Whether,if在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if可以替換。例句：Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試.在以下情況下，whether和if不可以替換：（1）在whether...ornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。例句：Idon'tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.我不知道那個電影明星是否回來。（2）在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)。例句：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.所有的事情取決于我們是否擁有足夠的時(shí)間。（3）和不定式連用作賓語時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.我們決定是否走過來。（4）在動詞后面的賓語從句時(shí)例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek.我們討論是否在下周開運(yùn)動會議。（5）有些形容詞，如sure等，可用whether引導(dǎo)從句，不用if.例句：Wearenotsurewhethertheywillcomeornot.我們不能肯定他們是否會來。3.當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，由連接代詞（what,who,whom,which,whose）或連接副詞（when,where,how,why）引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)檫B接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。例句：Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?你知道他剛才說了什么嗎？Idon'trememberwhenwearrived.我不記得我什么時(shí)候到的。Idon'tknowwhyhelookssosad.我不知道他為什么看起來如此悲傷。IaskedhimwhereIcouldborrowsomuchmoney.我問他我從那兒可以借到這么多錢。Pleasetellmewho（whom）wehavetosee.請告訴我，我必須去看誰。CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?你能告訴我們飛到海南要花費(fèi)多少嗎？Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?你能告訴我們你多久去國外度一次假？二、時(shí)態(tài).如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等）。例句：我知道他住在那里。Iknowheliveshere.我知道他十年前就住在那里了。Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.我已經(jīng)聽說他明天會來。Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow..如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。我知道誰住在那里。Iknewhelivedhere.我看見她正在跟她媽媽談話。Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.他說他已經(jīng)見過她了。Hesaidthathehadseenher..當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。老師說太陽圍繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)動。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth..若主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等后面賓語從句的否定要前移。例句：Idon'tthinkhewillcomewithyou. 我覺得他不會和你一起來的。.賓語從句的反義疑問句：（1）主句主語為第一人稱①謂語為suppose,think,believe,expect,imagine等詞，與從句保持一致，并且要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移②謂語為其他動詞，與主句保持一致Isupposefather,ssleeping,isn’the?Idon'tthinkyouareright,areyou?IsaidthatIwouldcomebacksoon,didn'tI?2.主句主語為其他稱，與主句保持一致Hesaidhewantedtogotothezoo,didn’the?四.賓語從句的虛擬語氣“wish”后的賓語從句，虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞“be”的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用“were”，賓語從句中的“that”通?？梢允÷?。表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。主語+wish+從句（主語+過去式+...）IwishIwereasyoungasyou.（真希望我能和你一樣年輕。）HowIwishitweren’training!（現(xiàn)在要是不下雨該多好?。。┍硎九c過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)。主語+wish+從句（主語+had+過去分詞+...）IwishIhadbeenherelastnight.（我要是昨晚在這兒就好了。）Hewisheshehadn’tspentsomuchmoney.（他后悔不該花那么多錢。）IwishIhadlearnedmore.（我多么希望我以前多學(xué)一些啊?。╟）表示對將來的不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)。主語+wish+從句（主語+would/could/might+動詞原形）IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday.（我希望有一天可以飛到月球上去。）Howshewisheshereyeswouldseeagain!（她多么希望雙眼能重見光明?。。﹚ish&hopewish+從句，表示的是很難不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句必須用虛擬語氣。hope+從句，表示的是有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，從句不能用虛擬語氣。e.g.Hewisheshissonwouldwinthecompetition.他真希望他的兒子在競賽中能夠獲勝。（可惜獲勝不了）Hehopesthathissonwillwinthecompetition.他希望他兒子在競賽中能夠獲勝。（有可能獲勝）.表要求、建議、命令的賓語從句一個堅(jiān)持（insist）兩個命令（order,command）三個建議（suggest,propose,advise）

四個要求（ask,demand,require,request）在這些動詞后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞用（should）+do（動詞原形）。在這類句型中只能用should，不可以用would， could， might等別的詞代替。而在現(xiàn)代英語中，should常被省略。特殊：動詞insist和suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)若謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣。insist—堅(jiān)持要求；suggest—建議若謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。insist—堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；suggest—表明，認(rèn)為e.g.HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.（他堅(jiān)持說我看過他的信。）HeinsistedthatI（should）readhisletter.（他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。）Hesuggestedthatwe（should）stayfordinner.（他建議我們留下吃飯。）Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.（他的臉色表明他生氣了。）.wouldrather后的賓語從句wouldrather引導(dǎo)的的賓語從句，表示“寧愿、寧可”，語氣較為委婉。wouldrather/wouldsooner/hadrather過去發(fā)生過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生一般過去時(shí)that將來發(fā)生一般過去時(shí)Iwouldratheryouhadn’tsaidit.（我真希望你沒有這樣說過。）Iwouldratherwehadarestnow.（我希望我們現(xiàn)在休息一下.）Iwouldratheryoumetherattheairporttomorrowmorning.（但愿你明天早上能在機(jī)場見到她.）練習(xí)一：（）1.Pleasetellme練習(xí)一：（）1.Pleasetellme___A.whereRobertlivesC.whereRobertlived___.Ihavesomegoodnewsforhim.B.wheredoesRobertliveD.wheredidRobertlive（）2.—Wedon'tknow. —ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.A．whatheis B．whenhewasbornC．wherehecomesfrom D．ifheliveshere（）3.—MayIcomein?I’msorryIamlate.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z—Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme ?A.whyyouarelateagain B.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwith D.howdoyoucametoschool（）4.Couldyoutellme ?A.WhenwillMarycomeback B.WhenMarycomesbackC.WhenMarywillcomeback （2008青海?。ǎ?.—Whatdidyousayjustnow? —Iasked .A.thatIcouldopenthedoorB.couldIopenthedoorC.howcouldIopenthedoorD.howIcouldopenthedoor（）6.—Doyouknow ,Mike? —OnMay12th,2008whentheearthquaketookplaceinWenChuanwhendidtheearthquaketakeplaceinWenChuanwhentheearthquakewilltakeplaceinWenChuan練習(xí)二：Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell .A.whenUFOswillappearnexttime B.whydohorsesknowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfound D.howdoelephantscommunicate---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina? Sorry.Idon’tknow . .A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad---Couldyoupleasetellme .? BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseum B.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseumPetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows ..A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone---Doyouknow .theCapitalMuseum? ---NextFriday.A.whenwilltheyvisit B.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisit D.whentheyvisitedHewantedtoknow .theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhaveIwanttoknow ..A.whenweshouldarriveattheairport B.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveat D.whentheairportshouldwearriveat---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme .? Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis---Couldyoutellme .?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.---Sorry,I’venoidea.Buthe herejustnow.A.whereTim;wasB.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;wasD.whereTimis;is---DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?---Yes.Shewantedtoknow thisSunday.A.whoyouwouldgoshoppingB.ifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherC.thatyouwillgoshoppingD.whenwillyougoshoppingwithher.---I'mateenager'smother.SometimesIdon'tknow. Loveandunderstanding.A.whatmysonneedsmost B.whatdoesmysonwanttogetC.whymysongetsannoyedveryoftenD.whydoesmysongetannoyedveryoften..---Iwonder .withoutwater Aboutaweek.A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanliveC.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlive13.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where14.Idon'tknow hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.練習(xí)三：一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid theseflowers fromGuangdong.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme light fasterthansound.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow there ameetinginfivedays.4．CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow French.5．Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme thechildren games.6．Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang homeworkyet.7．Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows inthepicture?8．Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow hercar?二、用合適的連接詞填空。Jimtoldme hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）Doyouknow elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）Shesaid itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）Healwaysthinks hecandobetter.（how,who）Ireallydon'tknow thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）Theydon'tknow togoorwait.（if,whether）Wearetalkingabout we’llgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）Iwasreallysurprisedat Isaw.（where,what）Idon'tknow somanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）Doyouknow youarestudyingfor?（why,what）三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同義句）—Tom'smotheraskedhimtotryit.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改為否定句）—I this agoodidea.Lucycann'tdecidewhichbagstobuy.（改為反義疑問句）—Lucycann'tdecidewhichbagstobuy,Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改為簡單句）—Idon'tknow tothehospital.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome, ?（改為反意疑問句）四、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。Wearesurethathe (go)toschooltomorrow.Doyouknowwho (be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice (is)?Ourfathersaidthathe (will)buy