浙江省寧波市余姚中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題 含解析

余姚中學(xué)2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試高一英語學(xué)科試卷第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthewoman’ssuggestionfortheman?A.Findsomeonetoreplacehim.B.Takeabreaknow.C.WaitforBen.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoingtotakemylunchbreakrightnow.W:You’dbetternot.Benjustleftforhisbreak,andsomeoneneedstostayhereuntilhegetsback.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shewillpassthemansomesugar.B.Themanshouldn’thavemoresugar.C.Shewillmakesomecoffeefortheman.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Canyoupassmethesugar,please?W:Don’tyouthinkyou’vehadenoughsugarinyourcoffeethismorning?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whenwillthespeakershaveicecream?A.Afterplayingsomegames.B.BeforeHaroldopenshispresents.C.AfterHaroldopenshispresents.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HappyBirthday,Harold!Comehereandblowoutthecandles,andthenwecanhavecakeandicecream.M:ButIwanttoopenmypresentsfirst.W:No,honey.We’regoingtodothisnow,OK?Wecanopenpresentsafterweplaysomegamesalittlelater.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhyisTracysohappy?A.Shehasreceivedherfavoritejournal.B.Shehaswonaprizeforherresearch.C.Shehasgotherarticlepublished.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Tracy,youlookveryhappy.Didyouwinaprize?W:Morethanthat!I’vejustreceivedthenewissueofthejournal,andyouknow,myarticleisinit.M:Oh,great.Itmustbethearticleonclassroomresearch,Iguess.Congratulations!5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aninterestingfilm.B.Somehistorybooks.C.Theiractivitieslastnight.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Whatdidyoudolastnight?W:Iwenttothelibrarytoborrowsomebooksonhistory.Whataboutyou?M:Istayedathomeandwatchedfilmsfortheentirenight.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Thelibrary. B.Themovietheater. C.Theman’shouse.7.Whatisthemanlike?A.Indifferent. B.Warm-hearted. C.Humorous.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Areyoulookingforsomething?W:I’mtryingtofindthelibrary.M:Icanhelpyoufinditifyouwant.W:Iwouldlikethat.M:Doyouknowwherethemovietheateris?W:Yeah,Iknowwherethatis.M:You’llfindthelibraryrightaroundthecorner.W:Areyouserious?M:Yes,youcan’tmissit.W:Iknowexactlywhereitisnow.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.What’sthemandoing?A.Applyingforajob. B.Askingforhelp. C.Showingtheway.9.Whatleveldoesthemanmostlyteach?A.Alllevels. B.Beginners. C.Advanced.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Goodafternoon.Areyouthedirectoroftheskischool?W:Yes,that’sright.M:Hi,I’mCraigJohnson.W:Hi,Craig.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:I’dliketoapplyfortheskiinstructorjob.W:Okay,good.Pleasetakeaseat.M:ThanksW:Sotellme,Craig,whatlevelsdoyouteach?M:Alllevels,butmostlybeginners.W:Okay.Andhowlonghaveyoubeenteachingskiing?M:Thiswillbemysecondwinterteaching.W:Hmm…Well,Craig,theworkdaystartsatfiveinthemorning.There’salotofworktodobeforeclassesstart.Isthataproblemforyou?M:No,that’sfine.W:Doyoulivenearhere?M:Yes,I’mjustthreekilometersaway.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inanetbar. B.Atthewoman’soffice. C.Attheman’sapartment.11.Howmuchdidthewomanpayforherharddrive?A.$200. B.$300. C.$350.12Whatdothespeakersagreewith?A.Harddrivesaremoreexpensive.B.Technologykeepsimproving.C.Peopledependtoomuchoncomputers.【答案】10.C11.A12.B【解析】【原文】W:Wow,yourplaceismessy.Whydon’tyoucleanupabit?M:Yeah,Iwill.I’vejustbeenspendingallmytimeattheofficelately.Anyway,letmeshowyouthatvideoIeditedonThursday.It’sonmylaptop.W:Hey,what’sthis?M:That’smynewharddrive.IjustordereditonWednesdayanditwasdeliveredhereonFriday.It’sgotabouttentimesasmuchstorageasmycomputer.W:Wow,whydoyouneedsomuch?M:IdoalotofshootingwithmyHDvideocamera.Allthattakesupalotofdiskspace.Anyway,thisharddrivewasonly300dollars.W:Really?That’sprettycheap.Justthreeyearsago,Iboughtaprettysmallharddrive,anditcost200dollars.M:Well,that’stechnologyforyou.IrememberthefirstharddriveIeverbought.Ithinkitwasaboutsevenyearsago.Itcost350dollarsatthetimeanditdidn’thaveverymuchstorageatall.Anditwasreallyhugeandheavy.W:It’samazing.Allthesethingswebuytodayseemsooldafterjustafewyears.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.WhatdoesNathanhavetowritedownfirst?A.Hisfamilyhistory.B.Hiseducationalbackground.C.Hispersonalinformation.14.WhydoesNathansayheisintrouble?A.Hegotfiredfromhislastjob.B.Hehasneverhadarealjobbefore.C.Hehasneverfilledoutanapplicationbefore.15.WhomightMr.Nelsonbe?A.Ateacher. B.Nathan’sneighbor. C.Jenny’sfather.16.WhatcanwelearnaboutNathan?A.Hewenttocollegein2010.B.Heusedtowalkhisneighbor’sdog.C.Heisstillahighschoolstudent.【答案】13.C14.B15.A16.C【解析】【原文】M:Canyouhelpmefilloutthisform,Jenny?W:Sure.What’sitfor,Nathan?M:I’mapplyingforajobattheDVDstoredownthestreet.ThisisthefirsttimethatI’vehadtofilloutaformlikethis.W:Well,thefirstthingtowritedownisyourpersonalinformationatthetop.M:OK,that’sprettyeasy.Whataboutthissectionhere?W:Youshouldwritedownyourhighschool’sinformationfirst,sincethatisthemostrecent.Andremembertoputdown“2010—Present”sinceyou’restillgoingthere.M:Whataboutmymiddleschoolandelementaryschool?W:Youcouldputdownyourmiddleschool,butIdon’tthinkyouneedtogoallthewaybacktofifthgradeforthisjobapplication!M:Ha-ha,OK!Uh-oh…“PreviousJobExperience”.I’mintroublenow.W:Don’tworry.Rememberwhenyouusedtowatchtheneighbor’skidsontheweekends?Youcanputthatdown.M:Oh,really?Cool!Now,thelastsection…CanIputyoudownasapersonalreference?W:I’dbehappytodothat,butIthinktheywillwantsomeoneolderthanyou,likeateacheroraparent…Whydon’tyouaskMr.Nelson?Youwerehisfavoritestudent.M:Goodidea.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.WhatdoesthedragontraditionallysymbolizeinChina?A.Evil. B.Intelligence. C.Fire.18.Wheredidthelegendofthedragonoriginate?A.TheMiddleEast. B.SoutheastAsia. C.WesternEurope.19.Whydidpeopleusetobelieveindragons?A.BecauseoftheBible.B.Becausetheyreallyexisted.C.Becauseofthepresenceofdinosaurbones.20.WhatisafeatureoftheRussiandragon?A.Ithasnolegs. B.Ithastwowings. C.Ithasthreeheads.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.C【解析】【原文】DidyouknowthatdragonshavebeenpopularlegendsinbothEuropeandAsiaforover3000years?ThereisamentionofadragonintheBible,butitisassociatedwithevilandconsideredtobethedevil.Ontheotherhand,inChina,thedragonisstillasymbolofintelligenceandpower.ButtheimageofthedragonintheEastandWestwasinfluencedbyhundredsofyearsofcontactbetweenAsiaandEurope,anddragonscametohavesomesimilarities.ItisbelievedthatdragonswerefirstimaginedintheancientMiddleEast.Infact,thereusedtobeatimewhenpeopleevenbelievedthattheyreallyexisted.Peopleusedtothinkthatdinosaurbonesweredragonbones.Itisnotclearwhenpeoplebegantothinkthatdragonscouldbreathefire,butbothEuropeanandAsiadragonshavebeenpaintedashavingthatcapability.TheChinesedragondoesnothavelegsorwingsliketheEuropeandragon.TheRussiandragonisoftenshownashavingthreeheads.Dragonsarestillquitepopularandcanbeseeninmanymoviesandtelevisionprograms.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分60分)第一節(jié)(共19小題;每小題2.5分，滿分47.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。AHiddenLondon:theExhibitionVisitan“abandoned”TubestationunderworldanddiscoverwhatsecretsarehiddenbeneathourbusystreetsinournewHiddenLondonexhibitionatLondonTransportMuseum!HiddenLondon:theExhibitiontakesyouonajourneyofsomeofLondon’smostsecretspacesintheworld’soldestundergroundsystem.These“forgotten”partsoftheTubenetworkhaveincrediblestoriestotellaboutBritain’swartimepast.Youcanenjoythelargestnumberofrarephotosandobjectsfromdisusedstationsthathavebeenbroughttogetherinonelocation.DiscoverstoriesabouthowChurchilltookshelterattheheightoftheBlitzdeepundergroundatDownStreetstation.SeehowshelterersliveddownatClaphamSouthstation,wheretheysleptandhowtheykeptentertained.YoucanalsoexploreotherlocationsthatwehaverecreatedinourGlobalGallery,includingthehistoricabandonedtickethallatAldwychstationwithanoriginal1930sticketoffice.Theexhibitionuncoverswhythese“l(fā)ost”partsoftheundergroundnetworkexist.Changesinpopulation,economicprioritiesandpoliticalpressureshaveallledtospacesbeingabandoned.Buttheyrarelystaythatway.WhilesomesectionsoftheTubesystemlie“forgotten”,manyhavebeenrepurposedfornewactivitiesandareusedforspecialHiddenLondontours,growingsaladleaves,andforfilminglocations,includingCharingCross,whichfeaturedinSkyfall(2012).AdmissionCharges:ChildTicket:FREEAdultTicket:￡16.50perticketReducedTicket:￡15.50perticketReducedpriceappliestoseniorcitizens(60+)andvisitorswithdisabilities.OpeningTimes:Everyday:10:00-18:00Lastentry:17:00Address:39WellingtonStreet,CoventGarden,London21.Whatcanvisitorsdoattheexhibition?A.Admireacollectionofphotos. B.Buyticketsinadesertedhall.C.Growvegetablesunderground. D.Liveashelteredlifeinwartime.22.Whichstationwasusedasafilmset?A.Aldwych. B.DownStreet. C.CharingCross. D.ClaphamSouth.23.Howmuchshouldakidwithgrandparentsbothaged57payfortheadmission?A.￡31 B.￡33 C.￡46.5 D.￡49.5【答案】21.A22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是HiddenLondon展覽的相關(guān)信息。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Youcanenjoythelargestnumberofrarephotosandobjectsfromdisusedstationsthathavebeenbroughttogetherinonelocation.(你可以在一個地方欣賞到大量來自廢棄車站的珍貴照片和物品)”可知，參觀者在展覽會上可以欣賞到大量的照片。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的“WhilesomesectionsoftheTubesystemlie“forgotten”,manyhavebeenrepurposedfornewactivitiesandareusedforspecialHiddenLondontours,growingsaladleaves,andforfilminglocations,includingCharingCross,whichfeaturedinSkyfall(2012).(雖然地鐵系統(tǒng)的一些部分被“遺忘”了，但許多已經(jīng)被重新用于新的活動，用于特殊的HiddenLondon之旅，種植沙拉葉，以及作為拍攝地點，包括《007：大破天幕殺機》（2012）中的查令十字)”可知，CharingCross被用作電影布景。故選C。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AdmissionCharges:部分的“ChildTicket:FREE(兒童票：免費)”，“AdultTicket:￡16.50perticket(成人票：每張16.50英鎊)”，“ReducedTicket:￡15.50perticket(優(yōu)惠票：每張15.50英鎊)”和“Reducedpriceappliestoseniorcitizens(60+)andvisitorswithdisabilities.(優(yōu)惠價適用于60歲以上老年人和殘疾游客)”可知，一個孩子和都是57歲的祖父母應(yīng)該付的錢是￡16.50*2=￡33。故選B。BIwasscaredwhenaloudnoiseinmyapartmentwokemeinthemiddleofthenight.Irushedtoturnonmybedroomlightanddiscovereditwasacat.Here’sthething—Idonothaveacat.Andthiswasnotthefirsttimethisparticularcathaddemandedmyattention.Iimmediatelycalmeddownandrealizedmyerror—Ihadleftawindowopen.Iapproachedtoentertainmyhouse-guestbygivinghersometreatsandascratchunderhercollar(頸圈).Likesomanyothers,Ishiftedfromworkinginanofficetoworkingfromhome.Livingalonecanbeisolatingatthebestoftimes.Itwasaroundtheone-monthmarkofthelockdownwhenIheardameowoutsidemywindow.Sittingoutsideonthegrasswasalong-haired,golden-coloredcat.Iopenedthewindow,andthisbeautifulcatjumpedintomyhome.Hershortvisitbrightenedmyday.Afewdayslater,Iheardafamiliarmeow.Isawanametagonhercollar:Mika.Onthissecondvisit,IalsonoticedMikawascross-eyed,whichonlymadehermorelovely.Overthenextfewweeks,Mikawouldstopbyoccasionally.Sometimes,sheonlystayedforafewminutes;othertimes,shewouldwanderaroundmyapartmentmuchlonger.Eachvisitbrightenedme.Mikaevenhelpedmeconnectwithsomenewneighbors,whoaskedifMikawasmycat.Apparently,Mikavisitedthemaswell.Whilethelockdownhasbeenawful,IsuspectImightnothaveevermetMikaifithadnothappened.Butperhapsshecamebyatthistimebecauseshesensedaneedforconnectiononmypart.Whiledogsaresaidtobeman’sbestfriend,agoodcatcanbeeveryone’sbestfriend.24.Whatdoweknowaboutthecatfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Sheusedtogooutatnight. B.Sheenteredthroughthewindow.C.Sheannoyedtheneighborsbadly. D.Shelikedtheauthor’streatsparticularly.25.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelduringthelockdown?A.Lonely. B.Mad. C.Heart-broken. D.Absent-minded.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7referto?A.Theopenwindow. B.Thelockdown.C.Aneedforconnection. D.Astaywithnewneighbors.27.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressthroughthetext?A.Helivesanunusuallife. B.Helongsforaharmonioussociety.C.Keepingcatsisrewarding. D.Befriendingnicecatsisworthwhile.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在疫情期間與一只名叫Mika的貓咪意外相遇，并因此獲得了慰藉和快樂的故事。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Irushedtoturnonmybedroomlightanddiscovereditwasacat.(我急忙打開臥室的燈，發(fā)現(xiàn)是一只貓)”以及第三段“Iimmediatelycalmeddownandrealizedmyerror—Ihadleftawindowopen.(我立刻冷靜下來，意識到我的錯誤——我留了一扇窗戶開著)”可知，這只貓是通過開著的窗戶進(jìn)入屋里的。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Livingalonecanbeisolatingatthebestoftimes.Itwasaroundtheone?monthmarkofthelockdownwhenIheardameowoutsidemywindow.(獨自生活即使在最好的時候也是孤立的。大約是在封鎖一個月的時候，我聽到了窗外有喵喵叫聲)”可推知，在封鎖期間，作者感到孤獨。故選A。【26題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第七段“Whilethelockdownhasbeenawful,IsuspectImightnothaveevermetMikaifithadnothappened.(盡管疫情封城很糟糕，但是我覺得如果不封城的話，我可能就不會遇到Mika.)”可知，作者認(rèn)為疫情封城給他的生活帶了很多不便，但卻讓他遇到了這只名為Mika的貓。故it應(yīng)當(dāng)指代疫情封城的政策。故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容以及最后一段“Whiledogsaresaidtobeman’sbestfriend,agoodcatcanbeeveryone’sbestfriend.(雖然狗被認(rèn)為是人類最好的朋友，但一只好的貓咪也可以成為每個人最好的朋友)”可知，文章主要講述了作者在疫情期間與一只名叫Mika的貓咪意外相遇，她與友善的貓咪建立友誼是非常值得的。故選D。CIfyoucouldtravelintime,wherewouldyougo?PerhapsyouwouldwatchaperformanceofaShakespeare’splayinElizabethanEngland?WhatabouthangingoutwithLaoziintheSpringandAutumnPeriod?Ormaybeyou’dvoyagefaraheadofthepresentdaytoseewhatthefutureholds.Thepossibilityoftimetravelisindeedattractive.Storiesexploringthesubjecthavebeenaroundforhundredsofyears.Perhapsthebest-knownexampleissciencefictionnovelTheTimeMachine,writtenbyH.G.Wellsandpublishedin1895.Itwasadaptedintoatleasttwofeaturefilmsofthesamename,aswellastwotelevisionversions,andalargenumberofcomicbookadaptations.Itisgenerallycreditedwiththepopularizationoftheconceptoftimetravelusingavehiclethatallowsanoperatortotravelpurposefullyandselectively.Theterm“timemachine”,coinedbyWells,isnowuniversallyreferredtoavehicletransportingpeopleintothefarfuture.Butcouldtimetravelactuallybepossible?Somescientistssayyes,intheory.Theyproposeusingcracksintimeandspacecalled“wormholes”,whichcouldbeusedasshortcutstootherperiods.Einstein’stheoryofrelativityallowstimetravelinextremeconditions.AndStephenHawkingsaysyoucouldtravelintothefuturewithareallyfastspaceship,goingatnearlythespeedoflight.Thoughbuildingsuchaspaceshipwouldn’tofcoursebesimple.Evenifyoucouldtravelintothepast,thereissomethingcalledthe“grandfatherparadox”.Itaskswhatwouldhappenifatimetravelerweretogobackintimeandhavehisowngrandfatherkilledforsomereason,andthereforepreventhimselffrombeingborn.Ifthetimetravelerwasn’tborn,howwouldhetravelbackintime?Andwouldyoureallyliketovisitthefuture?InH.G.Wells’book,themaincharactertravelsintodistanttimewherehearrivesatabeachandisattackedbygiantcrabs.Hethenvoyages30millionyearsintothefuturewheretheonlylivingthingisablackobjectwithtentacles.Ifthat’swhat’sinstore,maybewearebetterjustlivinginthepresentdayafterall.28.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.TheTimeMachineisoneofthebestsellingsciencefictionnovels.B.Therearefilms,comicbooksanddramasadaptedfromthenovelTheTimeMachine.C.WorksofLiteratureabouttimetravelfirstappearedonehundredyearsago.D.ItwasH.G.Wellswhoinventedtheterm“timemachine”.29.Einstein’sandHawking’stheories________.A.suggestthepossibilityoftimetravelB.havebeenprovedwrongbysometimetravelersC.havesimilaritiesbecausebotharebasedonexperimentsD.havepushedtheinventionofthefirstspaceship30.InParagraph4,“grandfatherparadox”probablyreferstotheideathat________.A.thereunionofthetravelerandhisgrandfatherbringshappinessB.thegrandfather’sdeathmakesthetraveler’sbirthimpossibleC.thetravelergoesbackintimetoseekforhisgrandfatherD.thetravelerispreventedfrommeetinghisgrandfather31.Accordingtothepassagewhatisprobablytheauthor’sattitudetowardstimetravel?A.Indifferent. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。人類一直對時間旅行很感興趣。從理論上來說，且根據(jù)一些科幻書籍以及科學(xué)家所說，時間旅行是可以的。但是，從另一個角度而言，時間旅行未必是好事。因此作者認(rèn)為我們還是生活在現(xiàn)在的好。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theterm“timemachine”,coinedbyWells,isnowuniversallyreferredtoavehicletransportingpeopleintothefarfuture.(“時光機”這個詞是威爾斯創(chuàng)造的，現(xiàn)在被普遍用來指一種把人送到遙遠(yuǎn)未來的交通工具)”可知，D選項“是H.G.Wells發(fā)明了“時間機器”這個術(shù)語”正確。故選D。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Butcouldtimetravelactuallybepossible?(但是時間旅行實際上是可能的嗎？)”，接下來舉了愛因斯坦和霍金的例子“Einstein’stheoryofrelativityallowstimetravelinextremeconditions.AndStephenHawkingsaysyoucouldtravelintothefuturewithareallyfastspaceship,goingatnearlythespeedoflight.(愛因斯坦的相對論允許在極端條件下進(jìn)行時間旅行。斯蒂芬·霍金說，你可以乘坐一艘非?？斓挠钪骘w船，以接近光速的速度進(jìn)入未來)”可知，霍金和愛因斯坦的理論表明了時間旅行的可能性。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Evenifyoucouldtravelintothepast,thereissomethingcalledthe“grandfatherparadox”.Itaskswhatwouldhappenifatimetravelerweretogobackintimeandhavehisowngrandfatherkilledforsomereason,andthereforepreventhimselffrombeingborn.Ifthetimetravelerwasn’tborn,howwouldhetravelbackintime?(即使你能穿越到過去，也存在所謂的“祖父悖論”。它問的是，如果一個時間旅行者回到過去，他的祖父因為某種原因被殺，從而阻止了自己的出生，會發(fā)生什么。如果時間旅行者沒有出生，他怎么能回到過去呢？)”可知，“grandfatherparadox”提出的觀點就是：祖父死亡導(dǎo)致時間旅行者無法出生。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifthat’swhat’sinstore,maybewearebetterjustlivinginthepresentdayafterall.(如果這是未來可能發(fā)生的事，也許我們最好還是活在當(dāng)下)”結(jié)合第四段提到“祖父悖論”使得時間旅行有可能不能實現(xiàn)；第五段以H.G.威爾斯的書為例，表明即使回到過去也有可能遭遇險境，可推知，作者對時間旅行持懷疑態(tài)度，故選C。DNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody'sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalyzecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(節(jié)奏)infemalemice.Thebody'scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPER1andcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“retainedanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage."Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管)functionbythecircadianclock,"theresearcherswrote.32.Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactsnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.33.Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.34.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“retained”inparagraph3?A.treated. B.warned. C.kept. D.watched.35.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Oneclockgeneisimportant B.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.Newstudyanalyzesbloodpressurerhythms D.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight【答案】32.D33.B34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了控制人體生物鐘的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物鐘?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.”（新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害。）可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，控制生物鐘的基因?qū)τ谀行院团缘淖饔檬遣煌摹９蔬xD項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.”（人體晝夜節(jié)律的在24小時內(nèi)組織身體活動的生物鐘有助于一天中血壓和心臟功能的正常變化。）可知，生物鐘有助于血壓和心臟功能正常變化。故選B項。【34題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.”（與先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，沒有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之間血壓正常下降。）可知，此句研究結(jié)果與前句表示對比，前句表示在低鹽和高鹽的飲食中，兩組小鼠的血壓保持明顯的晝夜節(jié)律，推測劃線單詞表示“保持”，與kept同義。故選C項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological（circadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.”（新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害。）可知，生物鐘可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害，以及最后一段“Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.”（研究表明，女性比同齡男性更不可能成為非杓型。）可知，女性受到生物鐘的影響，心臟和腎臟疾病風(fēng)險可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物鐘”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B項。EHaveyoueverdonesomethingforsomeoneelse—knowingthatyouractionswouldsolelybenefitTHEMandnotYOU?Maybeyouopenedadoorordonatedbloodorvolunteeredinahospital’sERduringthepandemic.Thisiscalledaprosocialbehavior.Humansengageinthesetypesofbehaviorsallthetime.Butaquestionremainsinscience:Arewetheonlyspecieswhodothis?Asoneofoutclosestrelatives,chimpanzeeshavelongbeenstudiedforsignsofthis.Sofar,researchhasprovidedmixedresultsonthequestion.Somestudiesshowthatchimpscooperativelyhunt,sharefoodandcomforteachother.Butonestudycametoaverydifferentconclusion.Thestudyusedacontrolledlabexperimentwherechimpanzeesinenclosuresweregiventwooptions:pushabuttontogivefoodtothemselvesorpushthebuttontogivefoodtothemselvesANDapartnerchimp.Iftheychosethelatter,itwasseenasaprosocialbehavior.Buttheresultisthatchimpsshowednospecialpreferencesforfeedingthemselvesandafriendoverfeedingjustthemselves.AnotherstudyconductedbyDeTroy,however,discoveredatotallydifferentresult.Comparedtopreviouscontrolledlab-basedexperiments,thesetupforDeTroy’sresearchwasverynaturalistic.“Weinstalledabuttonandafountainintothechimpanzees’outerenclosures.Whenanindividualpushesthebutton,itreleasesjuicefromthefountain.However,sincethebuttonandfountainareapproximatelyfivemetersapart,theindividualpushingcannotdirectlydrinkfromthefountain.Andifanyotherchimpanzeesareatthefountainwhenthebuttonispushed,they,andnotthepusher,willbeabletodrinkthejuice.Inthisexperiment,chimpanzeesshowedawillingnesstoactintheinterestofothers,withindividualchimpanzeespreparedtopushthebuttonwithoutbenefitingthemselves.“Itisreallyfascinatingtoseethatmanyofthechimpanzeeswerewillingtoprosociallyprovidevaluableresourcestothegroupmemberseveniftheycouldn’tbenefitthemselvesfromtheirbehavior.”saidDeTroy.Furtherresearchmayrevealwhatliesbehindtheirprosocialmotivation.Butfornow,it’ssafetoassumethatchimpanzeesarenotsimplyapinghumanbehavior.36.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoprosocialbehaviors?A.Jackparticipatedinvoluntaryworkinthelibraryjusttoearncredits.B.Markturnedtohisclassmateforhelpwhenfeelingstressfulinstudy.C.Timguidedalostchildbackhomeonhiswaytoanimportantjobinterview.D.Roseofteninterruptedtheteachertoaskquestionsactivelyinthemath’sclass.37.Whatisthetaskofthechimpanzeesinthelab-basedstudy?A.Sharingfood. B.Makingachoice.C.Comfortingothers. D.Showingsympathy.38.HowisDeTroy’sstudydifferentfromthepreviousones?A.Itwasbasedoncontrolledlabexperiment.B.Itgavejuicetothechimpanzeesasareward.C.Itofferedthetestedchimpanzeesanaturalsurrounding.D.Itprovidedachanceforchimpanzeestohelptheirpartners.39.WhatcanwelearnfromDeTroy’squotes?A.Chimpanzeescandevelopabilitiestohelpothers.B.Chimpanzeeshaveacquiredmanyhumanbehaviors.C.Chimpanzeesinthewildisclevererthanthoseinthelab.D.Chimpanzeesdisplayedprosocialbehaviorsforcertainrewards.【答案】36.C37.B38.C39.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了親社會行為的概念和兩個研究黑猩猩是否有親社會行為的實驗。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Haveyoueverdonesomethingforsomeoneelse—knowingthatyouractionswouldsolelybenefitTHEMandnotYOU?(你是否曾為別人做過什么事——明知你的行為只會讓他們受益，而不會讓你自己受益？)”和“Thisiscalledaprosocialbehavior.(這被稱為親社會行為)”可知，親社會行為是指明知你的行為只會讓他們受益，而不會讓你自己受益的情況下為別人做事的行為，所以選項C“蒂姆在去參加一個重要的工作面試的路上領(lǐng)著一個迷路的孩子回家?！笔怯H社會行為。故選C?！?7題詳解】細(xì)