第四講冠詞和數(shù)詞

1、3) .指談話雙方都知道的人或物。例如：Let' s go and give it to the teach自們?nèi)グ阉唤o老師吧。 Open the doo，please請打開門。4) .用于某些固定詞組中。 例如：in the morning / after noon / eve ning 等。5) .用在形容詞前表示一類人。the old老人the you ng年輕人the rich富裕的人the poorthe deafthe blind6) .用在表示 姓”的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦二人。The Whites are spe nding their holiday in E

2、n gla nd.The Gree ns came to China two years ago .7) .用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的表示場所的專有名詞前。the Great Wall 長城 the Summer Place頤和園the United States 美國 the October Revolution 十月革命the Ch in ese People ' s Liberatio n Ar中i 國人民解放軍the Long March 長征8) .用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully i

3、n class.He is the tallest one in our class.9) .世界上獨一無二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙) the globe 太陽系 the uni verse 宇宙 the atmosphere大 氣層 The sun rises in the east.The earth goes round the sun.10) .在世紀，年代名詞前用冠詞。in the 1980s 或 in the 1980 ' s世紀 80 年代in the nineteenth century 二十世紀例如:中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)第四講冠詞和數(shù)詞主講人：鄭艷麗 班級：三班、冠

4、詞冠詞屬于虛詞，在句中不能單獨充當(dāng)句子成分。冠詞通常和名詞連用，放在名詞前面，說明其意義。英語中冠詞只有兩種：不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the。1. 不定冠詞的用法1）. a/an用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。（名詞讀音以輔音開頭用a；以元音開頭用an,如：an apple, an hour.請區(qū)別：a useful machine, an umbrella, a“）” , an “ h”2. ）指人或事物的某一類。That is a pen, not a pen cil.那是鋼筆而不是鉛筆。Give him a pear, please!請給他一個梨。Liste n! A boy is singing

5、in the classroom.3）.表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈。There is a cat under the chair.椅子下面有一只貓。（強調(diào)種類）There is one cat under the chai椅子下邊有一只貓。（強調(diào)數(shù)量）4）.表示基本單位，作 每一 ”講。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo six class a day, thirty miles an hour 等。2. 定冠詞的用法1）.定冠詞的最基本的用法是 特指”：表示某個或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a

6、 red skirt?你認識那個穿紅裙子的女孩嗎 ？Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中國的首都。2）.再次提到上文提到過的人或物，應(yīng)該用定冠詞the。例如：Tom has an apple. The apple is big and red.There is a boy un der the tree. The boy is my brother.11）.在江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運河前用the。the Changjiang River 長江the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12）.在樂器的名稱和表

7、示方向、方位的名詞前，加定冠詞。She played Mozard on the pia no.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.13）.在有些詞組中，有定冠詞和無定冠詞意思不同，請注意區(qū)別：in front of在前面,in the fro nt of在范圍內(nèi)的前部in hospital （生?。┳≡海琲n the hospital 在醫(yī)院里。3. 零冠詞（即指不使用冠詞的情況）1）在物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞前不用冠詞The desk is made of wood.What is work? Work is struggle2）.在節(jié)日

8、，假日，季節(jié)，月份，日期，星期等名詞前，不加冠詞。Spring is the best seas on of the year.Do you feel like coming to a party on Saturday?4）名詞前有物主代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞，名詞所有格修飾時不加冠詞女口： this morning， my pen, your watch 等5）在球類運動、棋類、一日三餐、學(xué)科和語言的名詞前如：have breakfas，play chessplay basketball6）當(dāng)by與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞by bus， by train，by car

9、，二、數(shù)詞by air，by bike，by pla ne數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞 叫序數(shù)詞。1. 基數(shù)詞1）基數(shù)詞1-12是獨立單詞one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2）基數(shù)詞13-19是個位數(shù)的詞尾加詞綴-teen。記憶 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen3）整十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞20-90是十位數(shù)詞加后綴-ty。記憶 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty,

10、 ninety4）21-99之間非整十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞由十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)合成，中間加連詞符“2. 序數(shù)詞1）序數(shù)詞第一，第二，第三需要特別記憶，first, seco nd, third2）序數(shù)詞第四至第十九都由其數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成。fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth3）十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成是將基數(shù)詞詞尾中的y變?yōu)閕，再加-ethtwentieth, fortieth, fiftieth, ninetieth4）第二十一以上的序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞加最后一個序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成twenty-first, thirty-third3. 數(shù)詞的用法1）編號的表達方式可用序數(shù)詞或基數(shù)詞表示，序數(shù)詞

11、位于名詞前，并加上定冠詞；基數(shù)詞位于名詞后。如： Less on Five /the fifth less on.2）年、月、日表示法“年”用基數(shù)詞，“日”用序數(shù)詞，其順序常用“月，日，年”1997 年 7 月 1 日 寫作：July 1st, 19973）時間的表達 表示整點：基數(shù)詞（+o 'lock）三點整 three o'clock （可寫作3:00） 非整點表達：順讀法，鐘點數(shù)+分鐘數(shù)逆讀法，使用介詞past和toA表示“幾點過幾分”（30分鐘內(nèi)，含30分鐘），可以用介詞past。2:05 讀作：five past two3:20 讀作：twenty past thre

12、eB表示“差幾分幾點”（30分鐘內(nèi)，不含30分鐘），可以用介詞to。5:58 讀作：two to six8:35 讀作：twenty five to nine 特殊表達法，一刻鐘quarter 半half4）分數(shù)的表達法分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞；若分子大于一，分母上的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式133 one third5 three fifths分數(shù)中的整數(shù)部分用基數(shù)詞表示，并用and連接整數(shù)和分數(shù)部分。2色10two and three ten ths5）小數(shù)表示法讀小數(shù)時，小數(shù)點（point）后面的每位數(shù)字依次用基數(shù)詞讀出5.3 five point three8.93 eight point

13、nine three6）度量衡單位的表達方式基數(shù)詞+量詞+相應(yīng)的形容詞/介詞+相應(yīng)的名詞10 米長 ten meters deepten meters in depth20 米長 twenty meters longtwenty meters in len gth度 degree 攝氏 centigrade 負的，零下minus/below小數(shù)點 point28 攝氏度 讀作：twenty-eight degrees centigrade 零下 10 攝氏度 讀作：mi nus ten degrees cen tigradeten degrees below zero cen tigrade8

14、）四則運算力卩 plus 減 minus 乘 times 除 divide5+3= ？ How much is five plus/a nd three?4+5=9 Four plus five is/are nine.7-3=4Seve n minus three is/equals four5*3=15 Five times three are fiftee n.15/3=5 Fiftee n divided by three equals five.9）倍數(shù)表示法一半用 half，一倍用 once,兩倍用 twice/double，三倍及三倍以上用”基數(shù)詞+times”a. 主語+謂語+

15、倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。b. 主語 + 謂語+倍數(shù) + the size （amoun，length ）The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的 49 倍。c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)+形容詞（副詞）比較級+ thanThe grain output is 8 perce nt higher this year tha n that of last year.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍The produc

16、ti on of grain has bee n in creased by four times this year.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了 4倍。7）溫度的讀法冠詞過關(guān)檢測I. 用a; an; the或不填(/)完成下列句子填空。1. I boughtsame pen as she bought.2. police caughtthief byarm.3. They are paid byhour.4. I went toLondon byairplane.5. The little girl wanted to go tocinema.6. I live onFifth Avenue.7.

17、Next day I will go tocountry to go on business.8. It isuniversity anduniversity is very large.9. I needhour to take a break.10. It isuseful horse.11. 單項選擇。()11 Does Tom havepe用Yes, he has.A. an; some B. a; one C. a; / D. any; one( )12. This isold motorbike. old motorbike is Mr. Zhang's.A. an; Th

18、e B. the; An C. a; The D. the; The()13. apple a day keeps the doctor awayA. The B. A C. An D. /( )14. How many pencils do you hav&s not mine.I havepencil. It is red. Thisis brown, so it'A. a; an B. a; a C. one; an D. one; one()15. Tim isone-year-old baby.A. a B. an C. the D./()16.panda isChi

19、naA. The; a B. A; the C. The; from D. The; the)17. We can't seesun atnightA. the； the B. the； / C. a； / D. /； /)18.useful dictionary it is!A. What an B. How a C. What a D. What)19. One day he foundsuitcase There was oelhe comer ofsuitcase.A. a; an; the B. a; a; the C. an; an; an D. the; a; a)20.

20、old man with white hair spokeEnglish well atmeeting.A. An; an; a B. The; /; anC. The; /; a D. The; /; the)21. _ Great Wall islongest wall in the world.A. A; a B. The; the C. A; the D. The; a)22.new bridge has been built overMarling RiverA. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; the)23.young man over there

21、ispopular teacher in our school.A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the)24. She used to beworker but later she becameengineer.A. a; an B. a; the C. /; a D. a; /)25. We made himchairman.A. a B. the C. an D. /)26. Tom Smith isEuropean He works in our school.A. a B. an C. the D./)27. Is she fromUSA?A.

22、 an B. a C. the D./)28. Does Allan often playsoccer afterschoolA. ; B. ; theC. the; D. a;( )29. He gave 5000 yuan to our school day before yesterday.A. anB. oneC. a D. the( )30. Australia is English-speaking country.A. aB. anC. theD. ( )31. She has _ orange blouse _ blouse is niceA. a; The B. an The

23、 C. an; A D. the; The ( )32. This is orange. It's small orange.A. an; a B. a; theC. a; an D. an; the( )33There is “ h” in the word“ 1 ”“hour ”A. aB. anC. theD. ( )34. I can play piano very well, but I don' t know how to playA. a; an B. the; / C. /; / D. a; the 數(shù)詞過關(guān)檢測I. 用所給詞的正確形式填空。1. The (on

24、e) month of a year is January.2. -How ofte n do you go swimmi ng in summer?-(two) a week.3. September is the _(nine) month of a year.4. One (five) of the world population is in China.5. There are (eighteen) floors in the building and my home is on the(eighteen) floor.6. There are (hundred) of teache

25、rs in our school.ches7s. aMt y name is Jack Smith. Jack is my (one) name.all.A. a; an B. an; a C. the;D. the; the( )35. There is Uncle Wang here.A. B. the C. a D. an( )36. Beijing is beautiful city It's capital of China.A. a; a B. the; the C. ; the D. a; the( )37. Heilongjiang is in _ northeast

26、of China.A. B. an C. a D. the( )38. I've been a teacher there for nearly three and half years.A. aB. an C. the D. /( ) 39. -Could I speak to Mr. Wang, please?8. -When is your birthday? - It9. - What' s the date today?10. What 's ten minus ten? It11. 單項選擇。s February (two).- It 's Marc

27、h (eight)' s . (0)( ) 11. This is a small class, and of the students are boys.A. two thirdB. second threeC. two thirds D. two three( ) 12. The population of China is about .A. 13 millionB. 130 millionC. 1.34 billion D. 13.4 billion( ) 13. Please open your books at page 5 and we are going to lear

28、n the lesson.A. aB. anC. theD./( ) 14. boys took part in the Happy Boy Competition but only few of them( ) 40. I will have breakfast after reading my English book.succeeded .-Sorry, you have dialed the wrong number. There isnt Mr. Wang here.A. two B. three C. fifth D. sixC. Milli ons of D. Thousa nd

29、s and millio ns( )15. During the Seve n-day Nati onal Day holiday,families went outi ng.A. thousa nd B. thousa nds ofC. thousands D. thousands and thousands()16. In our school,of the stude nts are girls.A. three fifths B. three fifthC. third fiveD. third fifths()17. What time is it now?It ' s.A.

30、 nine forty-five B. forty-five past nineC. fifty-five to nine D. three quarters to ten( )18. December ismonth of the year.A. oneB. the lastC. lastD. the first( )19. There aredays in a year.A. three hun dreds sixty-fiveB. three hun dred and sixty-fiveC. the third hun dred sixty-fiveD. third hun dredt

31、h and sixty-five( )20. The computer was very expe nsive. I spe nt fiveyua n on it.A. thousa ndsB. thousa ndC. thousa nds ofD. thousa nd of( )21. Can you write aarticle about your school life?A. two-h un dred-wordB. two-h un dred-wordsD. two-hu ndreds-words()22. Which floor do you live on?-Thefloor,

32、and my room nu mber is.A. nin th; nine zero twoB. sixth; six zero sec ondC. five; five zero sec ondD. five; five zero two()23.ln our citypeople have bought new cars.A. thousa ndB. thousa ndsC. thousa nds ofD. many thousa nd()24. Now boys and girls, please turn to pageand look at thepicture in Less o

33、n Five.A. twen tieth, two B. twenty, twoC. twen tieth, sec ond D. twen ty, sec ond()25.My three bikes are all broke n. I want to buy aone.A. threeB. thirdC. fourthD. four()26. Aboutof the stude nts in our class are from the coun tryside.A. three-fifthsB. four-fifthC. two-fivesD. fourths-five()27. Th

34、e first day of a week is.A. Sun day B. Mon day C. Saturday D. Friday()28. 20125520 can be read.A. two milli on one hun dred twen ty-five thousa nd five hun dred and twentyB. twenty milli on one hun dred and twen ty-five thousa nd five hun dred and twentyC. two billion one million twenty-five thousan

35、d five hundred and twentyD. two thousand million one hundred thousand and five hundred and twenty()29. My friend Dale is in.A. One Class, Grade NineB. class two, grade eightC. Class Four, Grade NineD. Grade 9, Class 3( )30. He is theone to pass the finishing line.A. oneB. firstB. twoC. three()31. Your English is poor, so you' d better go abroad to improveA. on