初升高高一英語銜接班第7講——閱讀理解二

1、（初升高）高一英語銜接班第7講一一閱讀理解（二）1一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：了解高中閱讀理解題的特點(diǎn)，掌握應(yīng)對不同題目的做題技巧，提高閱讀能力。二、學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)：了解閱讀理解題型中推理判斷題的特點(diǎn)，掌握做題技巧。了解閱讀理解題型中猜測詞義題的特點(diǎn)，掌握做題技巧。三、課程精講：（一）重點(diǎn)知識講解一）閱讀理解題的答題步驟1）先看問題，再讀文章。2）細(xì)讀全文，認(rèn)真推敲。3）復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案。二）做閱讀理解題的注意事項：1）所選有據(jù)，避免主觀。2）符合原文的答案=正確答案w最佳答案。3）解題有法，但無定法，貴在得法。閱讀的目的不僅在于讀懂原文字面上的意思，還要求在理解原文觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意（learn

2、toreadbetweenthelines）?？荚嚧缶V要求考生在做此類型題時能作出簡單判斷和推理、能理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。這一能力要求常常通過對文章的推理來考查。這類題要求我們由“已知的”去推斷“未知的”，屬于一種深層次的理解。上節(jié)課我們介紹了前3種類型，下面來看第4,5種類型：4.推理判斷題常見的提問形式有：ThepurposeofthepassageistoItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatTheauthorsuggeststhatThestoryimpliesthatThewriter'sattitudetowardsThepassageisint

3、endedtoIntheauthor'sopinion答題方法：在閱讀時要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，推斷文章的深層含義。對于隱含在字里行間或者流露于文章修飾詞語中的人物的行為動機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等要依據(jù)文章的主題思想進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。1）寫作意圖題。有些文章的作者不點(diǎn)明自己的寫作意圖，而讓讀者自己去體會，這種情況多出現(xiàn)在記敘文或夾敘夾議的文章中。例：ALBANY,NewYork-Studentswhorelyonworkingatnighttoimprovetheirgradesmightwanttosl

4、eeponthatstrategy:anewsurveyintheU.S.saysthosewhoneverstudyallnighthaveslightlyhighergradesthanthosewhodo.Asurveyof120studentsatSt.LawrenceUniversityfoundthatstudentswhohaveneverpulledanall-nighteronaveragehavehighergradesthanthosewhohave.Thesurveyfoundthosewhodidnotstudythroughthenighthadagradepoin

5、taverageof3.2comparedto（與比較）2.95forthosewhohave.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellus.A. thebadeffectsofpullinganall-nighterB. pullinganall-nighterleadstosleepproblemsC. doubtsaboutall-nightersD. all-nightershurtstudents'grades答案：D2）態(tài)度傾向題。作者的態(tài)度傾向往往隱含在文章中，而不會明確說明，因此態(tài)度傾向題也是比較有難度的推理判斷題型。例：TheNBAnowhasas

6、eriousimageproblemmorethananyothersport.Asit'sbeenforyears,whitesmakeupamajority（大音B分）ofthefans;blacksmakeupamajorityoftheplayers.TheNBAhasthepotentialtobeabridgebetweencultures,awaytobringbothsidestogetherincheeringsomeofthebestathletesofanycolor.Butit'safragilebridgeindeed,whereeveryblacko

7、rwhiteelementapparentlyforcesoutitsethnic（種族的）opposite.Andit'snothardtoimagineatimewhennobodywillbeinterestedincrossingover.Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheNBAculturecouldbedescribedas.A.supportiveB.doubtfulC.criticalD.neutral答案：C3）細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。細(xì)節(jié)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而選出符合文章原意結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。例：Inma

8、nycountriesthestandardoflivingenjoyedbytheirpeoplehadincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Sadly,noteveryoneinthesecountriesissofortunateandmanypeopleinrichcountriesarehomeless.Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevarious,butpoverty（貧窮）isundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses.Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenunabl

9、etopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Often,thefactthatunemployed（失業(yè)）peoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappening,butnotalways.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A. youwillnotfindhomelesspeopleincountrieswithahighstandardofliving.B. thementalillliveonthestreetbecausetheywantthec

10、ompanyofotherhomelesspeopleC. theunemployedwhoreceivehelpmaystillbeamongthehomelessD. povertyisoneofthemainreasonforhomelessness答案：CE. 預(yù)測想象題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，把握作者的寫作思路，對事件可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)局或后文可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行科學(xué)、合理的預(yù)測。例：Completingacollegeapplicationcantakesometime.Butansweringallthequestionsisnotenough.Anotherimportantstepista

11、kingadmissionstests.TheSATisthecollegeentrytestthatAmericanhighschoolstudentsmostcommonlytake.AnotheroneistheACT.CollegesanduniversitiesmayalsorequireinternationalstudentstotaketheTOEFL（theTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage）.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.SATB.ACTC.FSSD.TOEFL答案：D5.猜測詞義題在閱

12、讀中我們經(jīng)常會遇到許多生詞，許多同學(xué)會立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費(fèi)時費(fèi)力，而且影響閱讀速度，進(jìn)而影響對語篇的整體把握。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用語境(各種已知信息)推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。常見的提問方式有：Theword""inparagraphcanbebestreplacedbyTheunderlinedword""mostprobablymeansBysaying"”,theauthormeansTheexpression""isclosesttoTheund

13、erlinedpart""(inParaeans)根據(jù)定義、解釋和敘述猜測詞義。例：(浙江卷)Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。例：a) Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽),oryoungleaves.b) Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Thewo

14、rd“presumptuous"inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto".A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet答案：Bo根據(jù)搭配和內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義。(對比、比較)例：a) Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.b) Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesnvetobeathaassle:itcanbeabasketoffun.

15、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests答案：Co通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義例：a) Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?b) It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlookin

16、g俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillage.c) Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward(另1J扭的)handpositions.（二）即學(xué)即練1. HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascari

17、bou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.Accordingthepassage,ThePinesisa.A. placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB. mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC. townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD. restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood2. Technologygreatlyinfluencesourstandpo

18、intonhowfastwethinkeverythingneedstobedone.Ifyouputadollarinthesodamachine,youexpectthebottletomoveforwardandfalldowntothebottom.Youcan'tcounthowmanytimesyousmackedtheemachineifitwenttooslowforyourexpectations.Youwantedinstantresults,immediatefulfillment.Theunderlinedword“smacked"intheparag

19、raphprobablymeans.A.clappedB.hitC.kickedD.pushed3. Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?"WWhy,yes.ahsl/ered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother."she

20、said,“Wouldyouliketomeether?"Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought.A. shewasyoungB. itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC. shewasbeautifulD. itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim4. Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause.A. shelivednearhishouseB. heoftenwenttovisithermotherC. s

21、hewantedtobefriendlywithhimD. shelovedhimverymuch（三）高考鏈接Amonthafterthehurricane（颶風(fēng)）,IreturnedhomeinNewOrleans.Therelaymyhouse,reducedtowaist-highruins（廢墟）,smellyanddirty.Beforethetrip,Ihadmycarfixed.Whentheofficeemployeeofthegaragewaswritingupthebill,shenoticedmyLouisianalicenseplate（汽車牌照）."Noc

22、harge“shesaid,andfirmlyshookherheadwhenIreachedformywallet.ThenextdayIwentforahaircut,andthesamethinghappened.1. Thegarageemployee'sattitudetowardtheauthdhiawaof.A.unconcernB.sympathyC.doubtD.tolerance2. Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?rge”A.負(fù)責(zé)B.費(fèi)用C.接管D.控告3. Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Peoplear

23、everykind.B.Theauthorhasnomoney.C.Peopledisliketheauthor.D.Theauthor'shsejisingoodcondition.四、下講預(yù)告：下一講，我們將講解高考作文的特點(diǎn)，介紹寫作方法和技巧?！就骄毩?xí)】（答題時間：30分鐘）ASincemyretirement（退休）fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist.Iactuallybegandrawingagaininthesummerof1995whenmyfatherdied.Sop

24、erhapsIwastryingtorecoverfromthelossofmyfather,ormaybeitwasjustthatitbroughtbackmemoriesofhim.Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes（M景畫）muchinfluenced（影響）byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.Forsomestrangereason,Ihadbeenwaitinguntilmyretirementtostartdoingwatercolorsagain,butassoonasIwalkedoutofth

25、eschooldoorforthelasttime.IpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.IhadlookedthroughalltheartbooksIhadonmyshelvesandfoundhiswatercolorstobetheclosesttohowIthoughtgoodwatercolorsshouldlook.SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesof

26、painting.However,watercolorsremainedmyfirstchoice,andIthinkIdidmybestworkthere,showingmypaintingsatanumberofartexhibitions.Artisnowtogetherwithmypianoplayingandreading.Thereisatimeforeverythinginmyworld,anditiswonderfultohavesometimedoingwhatIwanttodo.AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart&

27、#39;sdesire.”1. Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Learningtopaintinlaterlife.B.Howtopaintwatercolors.C.Anartist-turnedteacher.D.Lifeafterretirement.2. Theauthorstarteddrawingagainin1995because.A. hehopedtodrawapictureofhisfatherB. hecouldn'tstopmissinghisfatherC. hehadmoretimeafterretirementD. helikeda

28、nimalsandlandscapes3. Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor.A. hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.JohnB. paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC. believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolorsD. startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventy4. Howdoestheauthorprobablyfeelabouthislifeasanartist?A.Veryenjoyable.B.Abitregretfu

29、l.C.Ratherbusy.D.Fairlydull.BShoppingisnotassimpleasyoumaythink!Thereareallsortsoftricksatplayeachtimewereachoutforthatparticularbrandofproductontheshelf.Colouring,forexample,variesaccordingtowhattheproducersaretryingtosell.Healthfoodsarepackagedingreens,yellowsorbrownsbecausewethinkoftheseashealthy

30、colours.Icecreampacketsareoftenblueandexpensivegoods,likechocolates,aregoldorsilver.Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackagebluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.Thesizeofaproductcanattractashopper.Butquiteoftenabottledoesnch'tcontainasasitappearsto.Itisbelievedthatthebetter-knowncompaniesspend,onaverage,70perc