英語二自學教程UnitTextA課文翻譯詳細解析

1、Pre-reading Questions閱讀前問題Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents?一。你通常會質(zhì)疑作者所代表的觀點嗎？What do you think is active reading你認為什么是主動閱讀What suggestions do you expect the author will gjve on reading critically?2。你希望作者對批判性閱讀有什么建議？Critical Reading批判性閱讀Critical reading applies to non-fiction wr

2、iting in which the author puts forth a position or HHHI make a statement.批判性閱讀適用于作者提出立場或試圖發(fā)表聲明的非小說寫作。Critical reading is active reading.批判性閱讀是主動閱讀。It involves more than just inderstanding what an author is saying.它涉及的不僅僅是理解一個作者在說什么。Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author

3、 is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.批判性閱讀包括質(zhì)疑和評價作者所說的話，并形成自己對作者所說的話的看法。Hereare the things you should do to be a critical reader作為一個批判性的讀者，你應(yīng)該做以下幾件事Consider the context _of what is written.考慮一下所寫內(nèi)容的上下文。You may be reading something that was written by an author fr

4、om a different cultural context than yours.你可能在讀一個作家寫的東西，他的文化背景和你的不同。Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.或者，你可能正在閱讀一段時間前寫的東西，而不是你的時間背景。In either case, you must recognizeand take into account any differences between yourvalues and attitudes an

5、d those!) represented by the author無論是哪種情況，你都必須認識到并考慮到你的價值觀和態(tài)度與作者所代表的價值觀和態(tài)度之間的任何差異Question assertions made by the author. Dont accept what is written at face value作者提出的質(zhì)疑。不要接受按面值寫的東西Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.在接受所寫

6、內(nèi)容之前，請確保作者為所作的任何斷言提供了足夠的支持。Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.尋找能提供支持的事實、例子和統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities另外，看看作者是否整合了當局的工作Compare what is written with other wrilten work on the subject.把寫的東西和其他關(guān)于這個主題的作品作比較。Look to seejhat what

7、is writen is consistent with what others have written about the subject.看看寫的東西和別人寫的東西是一致的。If there are inconsistencies carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies如果有不一致之處，請仔細評估作者對不一致之處提供的支持Analyze assumptions made by the author.分析作者所做的假設(shè)假設(shè)Assumptions are whatever the a

8、uthor must believe is true in order to make assertions.假設(shè)是作者為了做出斷言而必須相信是真的。In many cases, the authors assumptions are not directly stated.在許多情況下，作者的假設(shè)沒有直接陳述。This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.這意味著您必須仔細閱讀以確定任何假設(shè)Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whet

9、her or not the assumption is valid一旦你確定了一個假設(shè)，你就必須決定這個假設(shè)是否有效Evaluale the sources the author uses.評估作者使用的源代碼。In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.在這樣做的時候，要確定來源是可信的。For example, Einstein is a credible sourceJf the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.例如，如果作者寫的是物理學

10、中的里程碑式的成就，愛因斯坦是一個可信的來源Also be certain that the sources are relevant.也要確定來源是相關(guān)的Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.當主題是詩歌時，愛因斯坦不是一個相關(guān)的來源Finally_if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sourcesare current.最后，如果作者寫的是一個主題的當前狀態(tài)，請確保來源是最新的For

11、example, studied done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate_if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in Identify any possible author bias.例如，愛因斯坦在20世紀初所做的研究，如果作者在討論當前的知識狀況，以確定任 何可能的作者偏見,可能是不合適的。A written discussion of American politics wil look considerably d

12、ifferent depending onwhether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican根據(jù)作者是民主黨人還是共和黨人，對美國政治的書面討論看起來會大不相同What is written may very well reflect a biased position.所寫的很可能反映出一種偏頗的立場You need to take this possible bias into accouni_when reading_what the author has written.當你讀作者寫的東西時，你需要考慮到這種可能的偏見That is, ta

13、ke what is written with a grain of salt也就是說，把寫的東西加上“一粒鹽”By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate作為一個批判性的讀者，你會變得更有見識，并且可能會根據(jù)需要改變你的觀點閱讀前問題一。你通常會質(zhì)疑作者所代表的觀點嗎？你認為什么是主動閱讀2。你希望作者對批判性閱讀有什么建議？批判性閱讀批判性閱讀適用于作者提出立場或試圖發(fā)表聲明的非小說寫作。批判性閱讀是主動閱讀。它不僅僅涉及到賈斯汀對一個

14、作家所說的話的理解 批判性閱讀包括質(zhì)疑和評價作者所說的話，并形成自己對作者所說的話的看法。作為一個批判性的讀者，你應(yīng)該做以下幾件事考慮一下所寫內(nèi)容的上下文。你可能在讀一個作家寫的東西，他的文化背景和你的不同?；蛘撸憧赡苷陂喿x一段時間前寫的東西，而不是你的時間背景。無論是哪種情況，你都必須認識到并考慮到你的價值觀和態(tài)度與作者所代表的價值觀和態(tài)度之間的任何差異作者提出的質(zhì)疑。不要接受按面值寫的東西在接受所寫內(nèi)容之前，請確保作者為所作的任何斷言提供了足夠的支持。尋找能提供支持的事實、例子和統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。另外，看看作者是否整合了當局的工作把寫的東西和其他關(guān)于這個主題的作品作比較?？纯磳懙臇|西和別人寫的

15、東西是一致的。如果有不一致之處，請仔細評估作者對不一致之處提供的支持分析作者所做的假設(shè)假設(shè)相信是真的，才能做出斷言。在許多情況下，作者的假設(shè)沒有直接陳述。這意味著您必須仔細閱讀以確定任何假設(shè)。一旦你確定了一個假設(shè)，你就必須決定這個假設(shè)是否有效評估作者使用的源代碼。在這樣做的時候，要確定來源是可信的。例如，如果作者寫的是物理學中的里程碑式的成就，愛因斯坦是一個可信的來源。也要確定來源是相關(guān)的 當主題是詩歌時，愛因斯坦不是一個相關(guān)的來源。最后，如果作者寫的是一個主題的當前狀態(tài)，請確保來源是最新的。例如，愛因斯坦在20世紀初所做的研究，如果作者在討論當前的知識狀況，以確定任何可能的作者偏見，可能是不

16、合適的。根據(jù)作者是民主黨人還是共和黨人，對美國政治的書面討論看起來會大不相同所寫的很可能反映出一種偏頗的立場。當你讀作者寫的東西時，你需要考慮到這種可能的偏見，也就是說，把寫的東西加上“一粒鹽”作為一個批判性的讀者，你會變得更有見識，并且可能會根據(jù)需要改變你的觀點Pre-reading QuestionsDo you usually challenge the idea an author represents?What do you think is active readingWhat suggestions do you expect the author will give on re

17、ading critically?Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than justinderstanding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves questioning and evalua

18、tingwhat the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.Hereare the things you should do to be a critical readerConsider the context of what is written.You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours.Or, you

19、 may be reading somethingwritten some time ago in a different time context than yours.In either case, you must recognizeand take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those representedby the authorQuestion assertions made by the author. Dont accept what is written at fac

20、e valueBefore accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for anyassertions made.Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authoritiesCompare what is written with other wrilten work o

21、n the subject.Look to see that what is writen is consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistenciescarefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistenciesAnalyze assumptions made by the author Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is

22、 true in order to make assertions.In many cases, the authors assumptions are notdirectly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.Onceyou identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is validEvaluale the sources the author uses.In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmarkachievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are relevant.Einstein is not a rele