考研考博-英語-安徽新聞出版職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽新聞出版職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreaternumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirrightorabilitytopracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefencewhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehaviour:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

11.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

12.Thethirdparagraph（）.

13.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

14.Theusualideaofthecavemaninthelastparagraph（）.

15.TheopeningquotationfromMargaretMeadsumsuparelationshipbetweenmanandwomanwhichtheauthor（）.

問題1選項

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

問題2選項

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwiththefirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

問題3選項

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearliestparagraph

C.supportthefirstsentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

問題4選項

A.isbasedonthestudyofarchaeology

B.illustrateshowpeopleexpectmentobehave

C.isdismissedbytheauthorasanirrelevantjoke

D.provesthattheman,notwomen,shouldbethewooer

問題5選項

A.approvesof

B.arguesisnatural

C.completelyrejects

D.expectstogoonchanging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】11.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章關鍵詞定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子對其性別角色的確定與他們從事某些婦女不允許從事的活動的權利或能力有關）。從此句可知，男人們很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通過一些方式來把握和鞏固這個地位，因此C選項“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子漢氣概’”正確。A選項“對自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，沒有提及；B選項“在求愛中采取主動”，亦沒有提及；D選項“往往比女人更不道德”，文章沒有具體說明。

12.判斷推理題。第一段講述的是男性會通過阻止婦女進入某個領域或從事某項壯舉來保證他們的男子氣概，而第三段說Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（關于婦女繼續(xù)受到家庭奴役和男子圍繞其迄今為止公認的優(yōu)勢所建立的復雜的防御體系的出版物層出不窮，有時采取明顯的形式，將婦女排除在各種職業(yè)和社交團體之外。）和第一段說的幾乎都是同樣的主題，因此A選項“大致同意第一段”正確。B選項“和第一段沒有關系”；C選項“重復第二段的論點”以及D選項“與最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并沒有談到這方面的信息，都不正確。

13.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段結尾處作者用比較夸張的方式提到，在原始社會里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句話Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人們都持著那種從人類最原始的狀態(tài)時就有的關于男人和女人社會角色的觀點。）因此最后兩句話形象而具體地解釋了那種觀點到底是什么。因此C選項“支持同一段的第一句話”正確。A選項“表明男人比女人更強大”，并沒有明確說明；B選項“進一步表達最初段落的意思”，最后一段并沒有繼續(xù)講述第一段的信息；D選項“否認他所表達的觀點”，不正確。

14.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到最后一段anexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes（只是作為人們內心對兩性角色區(qū)分的基本正確性的期望的表達。）因此B選項“說明了人們對男人的期望”正確。A選項“是基于考古學的研究”；C選項“被作者當作一個無關緊要的笑話而不予理會”以及D選項“這證明了求婚者應該是男人，而不是女人”，都不是正確的理解。

15.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項關鍵詞定位到第四段Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.（有許多客觀證據(jù)表明男性地位的下降。）隨后又舉例說明兩性社會角色在發(fā)生變化，因此D選項“期望繼續(xù)改變”正確。最后一段作者承認引文的觀點自古就有，但他認為這種關系正在變化，因此A選項“同意”；B選項“認為是自然的”以及C選項“完全拒絕”都不正確。

2.單選題

TheestablishmentofEarthDaybeganwithanideaproposedinOctober1969byJohnMcConnell,aSanFranciscoresident.McConnellapproachedtheSanFranciscoBoardofSupervisorswitharesolutiontodevoteonedayayeartopublicawarenessdedicatedtonatureandtheweakecosystemthatmakesupit.Theday'seventswouldemphasizetheurgencyofallinhabitantsoftheplanettotakeresponsibilityforbuildingahealthyandecologicallysustainableplanetforthepresentandlongintothefuture.TheboardwasimpressedwithMcConnell'sideaanddeclaredEarthDayanannualcelebrationtobeheldonMarch21,thedateofthevernalequinox.McConnellstated“Thisisthemomentwhennightanddayareequalthroughouttheearth—remindingusofEarth'sbeautifulsystemofbalancewhichhumanityhaspartiallyupsetandmustrestore.”EarthdaywasestablishedasanationaldayofcelebrationintheUnitedStatesin1970andwasembracedbytheUnitedNationsin1971whenitdeclaredanEarthDayceremonytobeheldeachyearonthedayoftheMarchEquinox.WhenthefirstEarthDaywascelebratedintheUnitedStatesonApril22,1970,twentymillionparticipantsnationwidetookpartinteach-ins,streetdemonstrations,andworkshopsin2,000communitiesand12,000collegesandhighschoolcampuses.Themajorpublicconcernatthattimewasindustrialpollutionanditseffectontheairwebreathe,thewaterwedrink,andthehealthoftheplanetwaslivein.thosecelebrationsledtopowerfulpublicoutcriesforlegislationmandatingecologicallysoundenvironmentalpoliciesandrigidcontrolsonindustrialpollution.Overtheyears,theissuesofconcernhaveexpandedgreatlyintoaspectsofair,water,soil,andnoisepollution.Whetheritcomesfromvehicles,factories,agriculture,housing,orprivateproperty,publicconcernandactivismcontinueswithcitizensfromaroundtheworldinvolvedineffortstoachieveasustainableandenduringecosystem.

EarthDayactivitiesaresupportedandsponsoredbyalargenetworkoforganizations,governmentagencies,businesses,universities,andinstitutions.TheyworkdiligentlyeachyeartomakeEarthdayeventsmeaningfulandrelevanttotheinhabitantsofPlanetEarth.Theregularobservanceofthisholidayfixesenvironmentalvaluesintothenationalconsciousnessandprovidesanopportunitytointroduceenvironmentalissuesintoschools,mediaandpublicevents.ItshouldbenotedthatEarthDayactivitieshavebeeninstrumentalinbringingaboutmanyofthesignificantenvironmentalchangesthathavetakenplaceinthelastthreedecades.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）

2.Accordingtothepassage,onMarch21,（）

3.WhichofthefollowingdatesisdefinitelyaninternationalEarthDay?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?

5.Itcanbeconcludedthat（）

問題1選項

A.howtostartanationalholiday

B.whentheEarthdaywasintroduced

C.thereasonsforestablishingtheEarthDay

D.theoriginandmovementoftheEarthDay

問題2選項

A.theboardacceptedtheproposalofMcConnell

B.theUnitedNationsdeclaredanEarthDaycelebration

C.dayandnightareequallydividedthroughouttheworld

D.theearthisatitsmostbeautifulmomentthroughouttheyear

問題3選項

A.October1,1969.

B.March21,1970.

C.April22,1970.

D.March21,1972.

問題4選項

A.OnlycollegestudentsandscholarsparticipatedintheactivitiesonthefirstEarthDay.

B.Themovementhasgrownfromconcernoverindustrialpollutiontoallkindsofenvironmentalpollution.

C.Somepeoplecryfortheabandonmentofallvehiclesandagriculturebecauseoftheirpollution.

D.Asustainableandenduringecosystemshouldbemaintainedatthecostofhousingandprivateproperty.

問題5選項

A.manyorganizationsandbusinessessuffervastlossesasaresultofEarthDaycampaign

B.peoplehavelearnedtouseEarthDayactivitiesasinstrumenttoacquirewhattheywant

C.supportersworkhardtomakethewholenationawareofEarthDayeventsbypublicizingtheminmedia

D.EarthDayactivitieshavesucceededinchangingourenvironmentoverthepastyears

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,第一段主要是講世界地球日的由來以及活動；第二段主要是講地球日活動舉辦的意義。所以選項D正確。選項A表述錯誤,選項B和C不全面。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞定位到第一段第四句“TheboardwasimpressedwithMcConnell'sideaanddeclaredEarthDayanannualcelebrationtobeheldonMarch21,thedateofthevernalequinox.”可知3月21號是春分。然后接下來的一句話“Thisisthemomentwhennightanddayareequalthroughouttheearth.”說明春分這一天地球上晝夜時長相等。所以選項C正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段中“Earthdaywasestablished...onthedayoftheMarchEquinox.”可知,1971年,聯(lián)合國宣布每年3月春分那天舉行地球日慶祝活動,地球日因此受到聯(lián)合國的歡迎。但是每年的春分在陽歷里面的日子是不固定的,所以并不是每年的3月21號都是地球日。根據(jù)下文“WhenthefirstEarthDaywascelebratedintheUnitedStatesonApril22,1970,”可知,1970年4月22號是美國慶祝的第一個地球日。所以選項C正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段可知,第一次地球日活動有兩千萬人參與,但并沒有說只是學生和教員,only表述錯誤,選項A錯誤。第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Overtheyears,theissuesofconcernhaveexpandedgreatlyintoaspectsofair,water,soil,andnoisepollution.”可知,人們關心的問題已擴展到空氣、水、土壤和噪音污染等方面。所以選項B符合原文。選項C和D在文中都沒提及。

5.判斷推理題。選項A文中只提到很多組織和公司都在支持地球日活動,并沒有提及他們因活動造成了巨大損失。選項B人們慶祝地球日不是為了自己的利益,而是為了生態(tài)環(huán)保,表述錯誤。選項C原文提到三種手段,所以這里表達不全面。選項D符合原文最后一句話,正確。

3.單選題

Theanimaldissectionrequirementofbiologyclasseshasbeengettingundertheskinofstudentsforgenerations,andtherehavealwaysbeensomewhoaskedtobeexcusedfromtherequirement.Now,agrowingnumberoftechnologicalalternativesaremakingitpossibleforstudentstoswapthatscalpelforacomputermouse.Therearelawsinnearlyadozenstates—includingCalifornia,Florida,NewYork—protectingastudent’schoicetolearnaboutanimalanatomysansscalpel.Somestudentschoosingtooptoutfeelweshouldbekindertoourweb-footedfriends.Othersarejustqueasyatthethoughtofrubberyfrogbodiesandthesmellofformaldehyde.

“Dissectionisicky.There’sayuckfactor.”admitsBrianShmaersky,aboardmemberwiththeNationalAssociationofBiologyTeachers.“Andateacherhastoweighthebenefitswiththecostofstudentsbeingoffendedtothepointthatitinterfereswithlearning.”

Virtualblades.Soforcasesinwhicharealdissectionwouldbetooslimy,it’stimetotrysometoadtech.Whilethefirstcomputer-basedalternativestodissectionemergedinthe1980s,modemfrogdissectionsoftwarecanbefoundatdifferentwebsites.Thesesoftwareprogramsusecreativeclicking,high-poweredzoomfunctions,andvideoclipstoteachanatomy.Frogutssoftware,forexample,letsstudentstraceincisionlineswithacomputermouseandsnipthroughskinwithavirtualblade.Thereareevensoundeffectslikea“slish”forslicingfrogflesh,ora“shwoosh”forpinningdownskinflaps.

(Schoolscurrentlypayabout$300foraone-yearsoftwarelicense,thoughsomeorganizationswilllendprogramsoutfreeofcharge.)

Earlierthisyear,agraduatestudentfromSimonFraserUniversityinVancouverdesignedthefirst-everhaptic(theGreekwordfor“touch”)frogdissectionprogram,whichusesapenliketooltocreateasensationsimilartocuttingintorealflesh.Thehand-helddeviceconnectstoacomputer,andstudentsmovethedevicethroughtheairwhilewatchingtheresultsoftheiractionsonacomputerscreen.

WithDigitalFrog—apopularprogramthat’shadapproximately1,500frogdemodownloadssinceJanuaryandiscurrentlyinusein2,000schools—studentscanaddorsubtractthoseamphibiousorganswithameremouseclick.Theycanthenassesstheirlearningwithsporadicfroganatomyquizzes.

“Repetitionishelpful.Thefactthatastudentcanreviewsectionsofaprogramoverandoveragainisimportant,”saysMartinStephens,vicepresidentforanimalresearchissuesattheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates.“Indissections,theanimal’sorgansareallshriveledanddiscolored.Youlookforthingsandcan’tfindthembecausebodypartshavechangeddrasticallysincetheanimalwaskilled.Butonacomputerscreen,layerscanbedigitallypeeledaway.”O(jiān)therexpertsthinkthedissectiontechnologyhasitslimits.GerryWheeler,executivedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociation,saysthatartificialsimulationsdon’tgiveasenrichinganexperienceastherealthing.Stillothersworrytheprogramsaredeprivingkidsofexperientiallearning.

1.Theword“swap”(Line3,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Somestudentsasktobeexcusedfromtherequirementofbiologyclassesbecauseofthefollowingreasonsexceptthat（）.

3.BrianShmaersky’sstatementimpliesthat（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthetoadtechcanbesaidtobe（）.

問題1選項

A.exchange

B.throwaway

C.reject

D.refuse

問題2選項

A.dissectionconsistsofdisgustingproceduresandunpleasantsmells

B.areentitledtorejectdissectionrequirementgiventhelegalregulation

C.theyareoffendedwhenfulfillingtherequirementsofanimaldissection

D.theyinsistthatpeopleshouldtreatanimalsmoreasfriendsinsteadofsimplyobjects.

問題3選項

A.indeedsupportsthestudents’animalprotectionmovement

B.thinkstheanimaldissectionshouldbebanned

C.thinkstheanimaldissectionmaynotbegoodforstudentstolearnbiologyeffectively

D.alwaysevaluatestheteachingeffectbyweighingreluctantfactorsofcostandeffect

問題4選項

A.portive

B.doubtful

C.indifferent

D.provocative

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章內容，很多同學不想做解剖，因為令人嘔吐，現(xiàn)在有一種科學技術可以代替這種解剖，可以用鼠標電腦模擬進行。選項A符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。文章第一段講到了學生不愿做解剖的原因，第一是因為氣味讓人感到惡心，然后認為動物是我們的朋友而不是物體，C選項是對這兩者的概括，B選項不是原因而是一個結果。選項B符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，可以知道教學要考慮學生的情感因素，教師要權衡利弊。選項C符合題意。

4.觀點態(tài)度題?？疾閷ξ恼挛囊獾睦斫庖约皩ψ髡邞B(tài)度的揣測。從整篇文章看，雖然利用電腦程序做解剖有些不足，但是作者對這一法還是持積極態(tài)度的。

4.單選題

Manyhadbecomesocaughtupintheirownlivesthattheyhadletgoldenfriendships_______byovertheyears.

問題1選項

A.slip

B.stick

C.shift

D.skip

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.slip悄悄疾行，溜B.stick粘貼，粘住

C.shift快速移動；轉移，挪動D.skip蹦蹦跳跳地走

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】goldenfriendships和橫線處構成主謂搭配關系，這里指的是美好的友誼因為無暇顧及而______，slip符合語境，指的是友誼在不知不覺間消失，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】許多人一心撲在自己的生活上，以至于美好的友誼隨著時間的流逝而溜走。

5.單選題

The（）ofthemanwhobeatthegirltodeathwasnotformoneybutforkilling.

問題1選項

A.motive

B.motivation

C.push

D.drive

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項motive“動機；目的（側重于做壞事的動機）”，B選項motivation“動機；積極性（側重于干勁，動力一類）”，C選項push“推”，D選項drive“驅動器”，句子中是說男子擊打女孩致死的動機，是壞的行為，因此A選項符合題意。句意為：那個把女孩打死的男人的動機不是為了錢，而是為了殺人。

6.單選題

Althoughthestudyofgeneticsisanentirelynewfield,it（）mankindformanyyears.

問題1選項

A.hascombined

B.hasinterestedin

C.hasinvolved

D.hasfascinated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然遺傳學研究是一個全新的領域，但它多年來一直吸引著人類。選項A和C不符合句意；選項B的主語是人，不符合句意；只有選項D符合語境。

7.單選題

Fortunetellersaregoodatmaking（

）statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

問題1選項

A.philosophical

B.literal

C.ambiguous

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。philosophical意為“哲學上的”；literal意為“字面的”；ambiguous意為“含糊的，不明確的”；invalid意為“無效的”。

句意：算命先生擅長發(fā)表諸如“你的悲傷會改變”這樣的模糊的陳述。

8.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare

inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriendsindailylife.

問題1選項

A.partners

B.enemies

C.rivals

D.opponents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Partner“合作伙伴”；enemy“敵人”；rival“競爭對手”；opponent“反對者”。句意：雖然他們在網(wǎng)球賽場上是競爭對手，但是他們私底下是好朋友。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Iwouldhavecomesooner,butI（）thattheywerewaitingforme.

問題1選項

A.didn’tknow

B.haven’tknown

C.don’tknow

D.wouldhaveknown

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句子的前半部分wouldhavecome是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，表示我應該早點來的。所以句子的后半部分應該要用到過去式，表示過去不知道他們在等我。句意：我本可以早點來的，但我不知道他們在等我。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

10.翻譯題

交流促進發(fā)展。一個國家、一個民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實上，在現(xiàn)代國家中，絕對不受外來影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國的著名歷史學家曾經(jīng)寫道：“任何國家的文明，來自外來影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國文化中任何受外國影響或來源于外國的東西剔除掉，那么，英國的文化就所剩無幾了?！?/p>

事實也近乎如此。中國古代的四大發(fā)明曾經(jīng)給古代世界的文化發(fā)展以巨大的推動。漢唐文化對朝鮮、日本等毗鄰國家的文化發(fā)展，更是給予了深刻而又久遠的影響。同樣，近代和現(xiàn)代西方的許多重要科學成果，也改變了并繼續(xù)改變著當代中國人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

11.單選題

Theexperimentsoftenscientistswere（）inthereport.

問題1選項

A.embodied

B.submerged

C.intensified

D.replied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項embodied“呈現(xiàn)；體現(xiàn)”；B選項submerged“淹沒；沉浸”；C選項intensified“加??；加強”；D選項replied“回答；回復”。句意：十位科學家的實驗都……在這份報告中。主語是experimentsoftenscientists“十位科學家的實驗”，句中缺少謂語動詞，由inthereport“在這份報告中”可知，這一份報告囊括了十位科學家的實驗，也即是說這份報告呈現(xiàn)了十位科學家的實驗。因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Somepeopleeither（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

問題1選項

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。violently“激烈地，猛烈地”；enthusiastically“熱心地，滿腔熱情地”；sincerely“真誠地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避開是非的問題就是保持中立。either…or…要么……要么……，表示并列關系，故答案D

13.單選題

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（）.

3.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Line6,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare（）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Line4,Para.3)issynonymouswith“（）”.

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,（）.

問題1選項

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

問題2選項

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

問題3選項

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

問題4選項

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

問題5選項

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段，第一段第二句說到fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach（五分之四的家庭至少有一輛車，超過四分之一的家庭擁有兩輛汽車），可以說明美國為什么被稱為車輪上的國家。因此B選項“超過四分之一的家庭擁有兩輛汽車”正確。A選項“大約四分之一的美國人擁有兩輛汽車”，由原文可知是超過四分之一的美國家庭擁有兩輛汽車，而不是美國人，所以A錯誤。C選項“每年有近800萬輛新車在這個國家行駛”，由原文可知，是每年生產(chǎn)近800萬輛新車，不代表所有新車都能上路行駛，所以C錯誤。D選項“80%的美國人至少有一輛車”，由原文可知，是80%的家庭至少擁有一輛汽車，所以D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.（有1000萬人因飲食不足而健康狀況不佳；造成他們困境的原因多種多樣。長期失業(yè)應被視為主要因素。），說明美國人健康狀況不佳的主要原因是失業(yè)。因此C選項“失業(yè)”正確。A選項“飲食不足”，B選項“營養(yǎng)不良”，D選項“自動化”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第四、五句Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.（奇怪的是，失業(yè)十有八九是由自動化造成的，無論是在工業(yè)還是農業(yè)領域。例如，在南方農村，當一個棉花種植園突然將其勞動力從100人削減到3人時，幫助流離失所者的問題就出現(xiàn)了。），說明“thedisplaced”在文中的意思是失業(yè)的人。因此A選項“失業(yè)者”正確。B選項“殘疾人”，C選項“病人”，D選項“窮人”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

4.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.（根據(jù)《社會保障法》，這種規(guī)模的家庭在貧困線以下，有資格領取特別福利計劃的補助。），說明“eligible”在文中的意思是有資格。因此D選項“應得的，值得的”正確。A選項“必要的”，B選項“緊急的”，C選項“必須的”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第五、六句Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.（然而，我們可能會同意，社會福利計劃在一定程度上解決了貧困線以下的人的吃、穿、住問題?？偟膩碚f，也許可以說，美國人比大多數(shù)其他國家的人生活得更好。），說明美國人比其他大多數(shù)國家的人生活得更好的原因是社會福利計劃幫助了貧困線以下的人。因此D選項“社會福利計劃在一定程度上解決了貧困線以下人群的問題”正確。A選項“許多美國人從特殊的福利計劃中得到了好處”，B選項“一些貧困人口由于某種原因可以得到幫助”，C選項“美國有反貧困計劃”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯誤。

14.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士表示想去單身漢晚會，女士確認了時間為晚上八點，并且要自帶酒水。

15.單選題

Asensitivepersonisonewhoiseasilyhurtor（）bythingsthatpeopledoorsay.

問題1選項

A.offended

B.wounded

C.stimulated

D.motivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。offend"冒犯;進攻";wound"傷害,受傷";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞";motivate"承受,具有,支撐"。根據(jù)or可以推斷填空處應與hurt意思相近。wound一般指外傷,傷口,不符合句意,所以選項A正確。句意：敏感的人很容易被別人的言行傷害或冒犯。

試題答案

A

16.單選題

Itisaninterestingfact______trytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,theyusuallyhavetodotheminadifferentway.

問題1選項

A.thatwhenmen

B.whenthatmen

C.thatmen

D.whenmen

【答案】A

【解析】考查主語從句和狀語從句。句意：一個有趣的事實是，當人們試圖做自然所做的同樣的事情時，他們通常不得不以不同的方式去做。It作形式主語，真正的主語是橫線到句尾部分，其中主語從句中包含一個時間狀語從句，that引導主語從句，when引導時間狀語從句，所以A選項thatwhenmen正確。其余選項語法錯誤。因此A選項正確。

17.單選題

Mynexthusbandwilldefinitelybehen-pecked.Everyonelaughablyassumesmypresentoneis,soImayaswellhavetheadvantageofexchangingillusionforreality.

Thismeanshewillbeabletomendafuse.Beinggoodaboutthehouseistheessentialingredientofthemanageablemale.Allthesepretensionstohavinggreenfingersasanexcuseforspendingthemorninginthesunshineandtrampinginfromthegardeninmuddybootsarereallynosubstitute.

Asacareerwoman,ithasalwaysbeenmydreamtobemarriedtoahandyman.Womenwhosehusbandsarerelaxedaboutrawplugsdon'tknowwhatworryis.Iwouldsleeppeacefullyatnightwithanyonewhocouldtellapairofpincersfromawirecutter.Apartfromtheblissfulconvenience;Icouldreallyatlastbegintoliveitup.

IfyouareburiedinthedepthsofthecountryasIliketobewheneverIcan,itcostsyouafiverjusttohave