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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宜賓學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題
Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
ManypeopleseemtothinkthatcreativityisproducingtheBigIdea—anideafromnowheresocleverandsoprofoundthatitdefinescreativity.(41)Oneofthekeylessonsofthisbook,andaclearmessagetotheprospectiveclientwhorejectedmyproposals,isthis:theinstantBigIdeadoesnotexist.
(42)Ideascomethroughaseriesofsmallstepsormoves.Theybuildupeachothertoproducethefinalidea.Lookbackonanyideayouhavecomeupwith;thinkbacktopreciselyhowtheideagrew,andtraceitslineage.(43)Ratherthanthecreativeideabeinganinstantrevelation,itwillmorelikelybecharacterizedbyahaphazardseriesofmoves,stepsandlinkages.
(44)(Astudyoftheremaining5percentofpatentswould,Isuspect,revealthattheyaretheproductsofincrementalthought.)Anytrulygreatidea(possessingsignificantaddedvalue)willgenerallyhaveemergedasaresultofaseriesofincrementalsmallstepsingeneratingit,withmuchofitsinherentaddedvaluegainedinthesubsequentimplementation,orinhowitwassold.
Examineanyfieldofactivitywherecreativeideasaregeneratedandused,whetheritistheworldofmanagement,thearts,ortelevisioncomedy.(45)Indeed,themanagementguruTomPetersdescribesinhisbookAPassionforExcellence(Peters,1996)severalcasestudieswhereorganizationsmadedecisionstopursueaBigIdea:“Inallofhistoryitseems,fromFrenchfryseasoningatMcDonald’stoIBM’sSystem/360computer,thefirstandsecondprototypesdon’twork.”O(jiān)ftenthekeypeopleinaprojectweresimplyintenton“makingitwork”;throughtrialanderrortheyeventuallysucceeded.NoBigIdeabroughtaninstantsolution.
A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.
B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.
C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.
D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.
E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.
F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.
【答案】41.E
42.A
43.C
44.F
45.B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.A.創(chuàng)造力及其產(chǎn)生想法的任務(wù)本質(zhì)上是遞增的。
B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.B.他們的想法是通過許多小步驟創(chuàng)造出來的,而不是通過瞬間、驚天動(dòng)地的靈感。
C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.C.如果你足夠誠實(shí)的話,精彩的靈感閃現(xiàn)會(huì)與你之前處理過的想法或元素聯(lián)系起來。
D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.D.在公共關(guān)系工作中,這可能是一個(gè)其他人沒有想到的新的宣傳理念,它將取得重大的宣傳效果,或者是以新的角度展示產(chǎn)品,并產(chǎn)生廣泛的媒體報(bào)道的照片宣傳噱頭。
E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.E.人們更容易相信,偉大的創(chuàng)意人士會(huì)以某種方式,憑直覺立即得出偉大的想法,而不是認(rèn)識到,創(chuàng)造力可能是一個(gè)混亂、乏味和漫長的過程。
F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.F.英國專利局證實(shí)了創(chuàng)造力的這種漸進(jìn)式性質(zhì),該局報(bào)告稱,95%的新專利只是對現(xiàn)有專利的改編。
41.空格前提到“很多人似乎認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造力指突然產(chǎn)生一個(gè)特別聰明、宏大的想法”,這與E選項(xiàng)是對應(yīng)的,所以該題選擇E項(xiàng)。
42.空格后一句提到“想法來自一系列的小步驟或行動(dòng)(aseriesofsmallstepsormoves)?!?,這一句是對A項(xiàng)觀點(diǎn)的具體說明和解釋,故A項(xiàng)正確。
43.根據(jù)該空前一句“回顧你想到的任何想法;準(zhǔn)確地回想一下這個(gè)想法是如何發(fā)展起來的,并追溯它的沿襲”,其中提到了一個(gè)人稱代詞you,所以后面應(yīng)該還是以第二人稱為主,C項(xiàng)正確。
44.后面括號里面提到了remaining5percentofpatents,所以該段第一句是對這個(gè)專利的描寫,故F項(xiàng)正確。
45.上一段最后一句還提到“任何真正偉大的想法通常都是由一系列漸進(jìn)的小步驟產(chǎn)生的(aseriesofincrementalsmallsteps),其內(nèi)在的附加價(jià)值大多是在后續(xù)的實(shí)施中獲得的,或者是通過它的銷售方式獲得的”,接著該段就提到“檢查任何產(chǎn)生和使用創(chuàng)造性想法(creativeideas)的活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域”,可推測,第二句是要迎合上一段的最后一句,所以B項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Passage2Notalllanguageisverbal.Someofourcommunicationoccurswithoutwords.Weoftenuseourentirebodiesforcommunication.Wemayraiseoureyebrowstoindicatesurprise.Perhapswenodourheadstoshowthatweagreewithsomething.Therearehundredsofnonverbalsignalsthatcanbeusedtocommunicate.Thesesignalsarepartoflanguage,andtheyaregovernedbyrulesinthesamewaythatourspokenlanguageis.Forthisreason,peoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesoftenusedifferentnonverbalsignalsaswell.
Inadditiontoverbalcommunicationandthetypeofnonverbalcommunicationdiscussedabove,thereareothermessagesystemsthatweusetocommunicate.Whenwespeaktosomepeople,wemaystandveryclosetothemwhilewemaystandfarawayfromotherpeople.Useofspace,then,isawaywecancommunicatetherelationshipwefeelwithanotherperson.Thewaywedresscanalsocommunicateforus.ThepersonwhowearsdirtyjeansandaT-shirtcommunicatesadifferentattitudefromapersonwhowearsneattrousersandanattractiveshirt.
Wecanevenusetimetocommunicate.Thepersonwhoisontimeforanappointmentshowsadifferentattitudefromthepersonwhoisanhourlate.Canyouthinkofothermessagesystemsthatweuse?
26.Language,accordingtothepassage,isactually______.
27.Nonverbalsignals______.
28.WhatdoestheauthortellusabouttheT-shirt?
29.Peoplewhodonotspeakthesamelanguage______.
30.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaformofnonverbalcommunication?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.verbalonly
B.verbalandnonverbalaswell
C.totallynonverbal
D.verbalcommunicationratherthannonverbalsignals
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.havefewrules
B.arelessusefulthanspeech
C.areoftenusedincommunication
D.areentirelyseparatefromlanguage
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itisakindofinformalclothing.
B.Itisacceptedonformaloccasions.
C.Itispopularoncampusonly.
D.Itisadmiredbyeducatedpeople.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.havenononverbalsignalsincommon
B.cannotunderstandanynonverbalsignals
C.havedifferentnonverbalsignals
D.usethesamenonverbalsignalsinanycase
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Thoughts.
B.Time.
C.Appearance.
D.Space.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
26.Language,accordingtothepassage,isactually______.26.根據(jù)這篇文章,語言實(shí)際上______。
A.verbalonlyA.只是言語的
B.verbalandnonverbalaswellB.是言語的和非言語的
C.totallynonverbalC.是完全非言語的
D.verbalcommunicationratherthannonverbalsignalsD.是口頭交流而不是非言語信號
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段前三句內(nèi)容“并不是所有的語言都是口頭的。我們的有些交流是不需要言語的。我們經(jīng)常用整個(gè)身體來交流。”可知,語言包括口頭語言和肢體上的語言,所以語言實(shí)際上是言語的和非言語的,故該題選擇B項(xiàng)“是言語的和非言語的”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“只是言語的”,并不是所有的語言都是口頭的,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C項(xiàng)“是完全非言語的”,語言包括言語和非言語,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D項(xiàng)“是口頭交流而不是非言語信號”,根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“這些信號是語言的一部分,它們和我們的口語一樣受到了規(guī)則的支配”可知,非言語信號也是語言,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。
27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
27.Nonverbalsignals______.27.非言語信號______。
A.havefewrulesA.沒有什么規(guī)則
B.arelessusefulthanspeechB.不如言語有用
C.areoftenusedincommunicationC.經(jīng)常用于交流
D.areentirelyseparatefromlanguageD.完全獨(dú)立于語言
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第三句“我們經(jīng)常用整個(gè)身體來交流”可知,身體交流屬于非言語信號,也就是說非言語信號經(jīng)常用于交流,該題選擇C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常用于交流”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“沒有什么規(guī)則”根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“這些信號是語言的一部分,它們和我們的口語一樣受到了規(guī)則的支配”可知,非言語信號也受到了規(guī)則的支配,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“不如言語有用”,文中沒有提到非言語信號不如言語有用,并且第一段第二句指出“我們的一些交流是不需要言語的”,所以該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D項(xiàng)“完全獨(dú)立于語言”文中沒有提到,該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
28.WhatdoestheauthortellusabouttheT-shirt?28.關(guān)于T恤,作者告訴了我們什么?
A.Itisakindofinformalclothing.A.這是一種非正式的服裝。
B.Itisacceptedonformaloccasions.B.在正式場合是可以接受的。
C.Itispopularoncampusonly.C.它只在校園里流行。
D.Itisadmiredbyeducatedpeople.D.它受到受過教育的人的贊賞。
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“穿臟的牛仔褲和T恤的人與穿整潔的褲子和漂亮的襯衫的人傳達(dá)的是不同的態(tài)度”可知,穿臟牛仔褲和T恤與穿整潔的褲子和漂亮的襯衫的人傳達(dá)了不同的態(tài)度,那么可推斷,穿T恤是一種非正式的服裝,而穿整潔的褲子和漂亮的襯衫則是正式服裝,該題選擇A項(xiàng)“這是一種非正式的服裝”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B項(xiàng)“在正式場合是可以接受的”與原文相反,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C項(xiàng)“它只在校園里流行”和D項(xiàng)“它受到受過教育的人的贊賞”文中沒有提到,這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
29.Peoplewhodonotspeakthesamelanguage______.29.說不同語言的人______。
A.havenononverbalsignalsincommonA.沒有共同的非言語信號
B.cannotunderstandanynonverbalsignalsB.不能理解任何非言語信號
C.havedifferentnonverbalsignalsC.有不同的非言語信號
D.usethesamenonverbalsignalsinanycaseD.在任何情況下都要使用相同的非言語信號
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句“說不同語言的人也經(jīng)常使用不同的非言語信號”可知,說不同語言的人有不同的非言語信號,該題選擇C項(xiàng)“有不同的非言語信號”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“沒有共同的非言語信號”、B項(xiàng)“不能理解任何非言語信號”和D項(xiàng)“在任何情況下都要使用相同的非言語信號”文中沒有提及,這三項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
30.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaformofnonverbalcommunication?30.下列哪一項(xiàng)沒有被提到作為一種非言語交際的形式?
A.Thoughts.A.思想。
B.Time.B.時(shí)間。
C.Appearance.C.外表。
D.Space.D.空間。
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二三句“因此,利用空間是我們與他人溝通感情的一種方式。我們的穿著方式也可以為我們傳達(dá)信息?!?,以及第三段第一句“我們甚至可以用時(shí)間來交流”可知,空間、穿著和時(shí)間都是非言語交際的形式,只有思想沒有提到,故該題選擇A項(xiàng)“思想”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“時(shí)間”、C項(xiàng)“外表”和D項(xiàng)“外表”都是非言語交際的形式,這三項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。
3.單選題
()thenewfund-raisingplanisapproved,wewillsoonhavemoremoneytobuildthegymnasium.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.While
B.Given
C.Unless
D.Evenif
【答案】B
【解析】句意:新的融資計(jì)劃被批準(zhǔn),我們很快就會(huì)有更多的錢建造體育館。given鑒于,考慮到...符合句意。
4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
“Nomanisanisland,”wrotethepoetJohnDonneseveralcenturiesago.Hewasacknowledgingoneofourmost(1)characteristics:thefactthatwearesocialanimalswhosebehaviorandpersonalitiesare(2)bythegroupstowhichwebelong.
Throughoutlife,mostofourdailyactivities(3)inthecompanyofothers.Whetherourpurposeisworking,playing,raisingafamily,learning,orsimplyrelaxing.Weusually(4)itingroupsevenifthegroupisassmallastwoorthreepeople.Ourneedforhumancontactsisnotmerelyapracticalone;itisadeeppsychologicalneedaswell.Ifpeopleare(5)ofthecompanyofothersfor(6)periods,mentalbreakdownistheusualresult.EventheGenevaConvention,aninternationalagreementthat(7)thetreatmentofprisonersofwar,recognizesthisneed.Itregards(8)imprisonmentformorethanthirtydaysasacruelformoftorture.
Initsstrictestsense,agroupisacollectionofpeople(9)togetherinanorderlywayonthebasisofsharedexpectationaboutoneanother’sbehavior.Asaresultofthisinteraction,membersfeelacommonsenseof“belonging.”They(10)membersfrommembersandexpectcertainkindsofbehaviorfromoutsiders.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.odd
B.distinctive
C.explicit
D.obvious
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.shaped
B.distinguished
C.identified
D.justified
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.designed
B.undertaked
C.assigned
D.performed
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.reach
B.complete
C.pursue
D.accomplish
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.concerned
B.deprived
C.relieved
D.informed
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.continuous
B.noticeable
C.dramatic
D.prolonged
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.regulates
B.prescribes
C.rectifies
D.demonstrates
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.harsh
B.severe
C.solitary
D.remote
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.living
B.interacting
C.communicating
D.putting
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.distinguish
B.isolate
C.separate
D.recognize
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:D
第7題:A
第8題:C
第9題:B
第10題:A
【解析】第1題:本題考查了詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)odd“奇怪的”,B項(xiàng)distinctive“獨(dú)特的,有特色的;與眾不同的”,C項(xiàng)explicit“直率的,清楚的,明確的”,D項(xiàng)obvious“明顯的,顯而易見的”,文中是說John是一個(gè)什么樣的人,根據(jù)后文他闡述了人類是社會(huì)性動(dòng)物,我們的行為和個(gè)性受我們所屬的群體影響,因此可以看出他對人類是有做出貢獻(xiàn)的,因此答案為B,“mostdistinctivecharacteristics”最杰出的人。
第2題:本題考查了詞組的含義。A項(xiàng)beshapedby“受……影響”,B項(xiàng)bedistinguishedby“以……為特征”,C項(xiàng)beidentifiedby“被識別,被確定”,D項(xiàng)bejustifiedby“以……為依據(jù)”,根據(jù)上文的人類是社會(huì)性動(dòng)物以及常識可以得出,這一空表達(dá)的是人類的行為是受他所屬的群體所影響,其余選項(xiàng)代入不符合文意,答案為A。
第3題:本題考查了詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)designed“設(shè)計(jì)”,B項(xiàng)undertake“承擔(dān),保證”,C項(xiàng)assigned“分配”,D項(xiàng)performed“進(jìn)行,表演”,根據(jù)句意我們可知,本句意思應(yīng)當(dāng)為:在我們的一生中,我們大部分的日常活動(dòng)都是在他人的陪伴下進(jìn)行的,其余答案都太過牽強(qiáng),答案為D。
第4題:本題考查了詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)reach“達(dá)到”,B項(xiàng)complete“完成,達(dá)成”,C項(xiàng)pursue“追求,從事”,一般指對人生價(jià)值和目標(biāo)的追求,D項(xiàng)accomplish“完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到”,題干的含義就是我們通常都是在一個(gè)組別里進(jìn)行我們的所有活動(dòng),哪怕我們的小組只有兩三個(gè)人,因此答案為C。
第5題:本題考查了考生對于詞語含義的掌握。A項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān),關(guān)心”,B項(xiàng)deprived“喪失,剝奪”,C項(xiàng)relived“減輕,消除”,D項(xiàng)informed“知道,使了解”,根據(jù)上文我們可以看出,本文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人不能獨(dú)自生活著,沒有人是一座孤島,我們都在社群中進(jìn)行我們的活動(dòng),因此,本句話的句意為如果人們長時(shí)間沒有別人陪伴,通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致精神崩潰,答案為B。
第6題:本題考查了詞義。A項(xiàng)continuous“持續(xù)的”,B項(xiàng)noticeable“顯而易見的,顯著的”,C項(xiàng)dramtic“巨大的,急劇的,引人注目的”,D項(xiàng)prolonged“持續(xù)很久的,長時(shí)間的”,句子的意思應(yīng)該是如果人們長時(shí)間沒有別人陪伴,通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致精神崩潰,因?yàn)槠渌倪x項(xiàng)代入都不通順且不合常理,因此答案為D。
第7題:本題考查了詞義。A項(xiàng)regulates“調(diào)節(jié),規(guī)定”,B項(xiàng)prescribes“開處方,規(guī)定”,C項(xiàng)rectifies“改正”,D項(xiàng)demonsrates“證明,展示,論證”,從句意我們不難看出文章想表達(dá)的是,《日內(nèi)瓦公約》也規(guī)定承認(rèn)這一需要,A、B從句意來看都對,但是B項(xiàng)的規(guī)定沒有A項(xiàng)那么正式,因此答案為A更符合用語習(xí)慣。
第8題:本題考查了詞義。A項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的,嚴(yán)酷的,刺耳的”,B項(xiàng)severe“嚴(yán)峻的,嚴(yán)厲的,劇烈的”,C項(xiàng)solitary“孤獨(dú)的,隱居的”,D項(xiàng)remote“遙遠(yuǎn)的,偏僻的”,結(jié)合上下文,前文是在講如果人們長時(shí)間沒有別人陪伴,通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致精神崩潰,因此這一空按照邏輯也應(yīng)該與上文相匹配,因此答案為C,整個(gè)句子的意思是“它認(rèn)為30天以上的單獨(dú)監(jiān)禁是一種殘忍的酷刑”。
第9題:本題考查上下文的掌握和詞義。A項(xiàng)living“生活,居住”,B項(xiàng)interacting“互相影響,相互作用”,C項(xiàng)communicating“交流”,D項(xiàng)putting“放置”,這一空的解題關(guān)鍵在后文,下一句中講到,“Asaresultofthisinteraction”,這一句話中的interaction提示了我們前一空的答案與之相呼應(yīng)的是B項(xiàng),意為:從最嚴(yán)格的意義上說,群體就是一群人的集合,他們按井然有序的方式在一起互動(dòng),并對彼此的行為抱有共同的期望。
第10題:本題考查的是詞義的辨析。A項(xiàng)distinguish“區(qū)分,辨別”,B項(xiàng)isolate“隔離,孤立”,C項(xiàng)separate“分離,使分開”,D項(xiàng)recognize“分診,認(rèn)得”,本題考查詞義,從整個(gè)句子來看,我們不難猜測出,這一句的意思應(yīng)該是:他們把成員和非成員區(qū)分開來,因此答案為A,distinguishfrom“區(qū)分,辨別”。
5.翻譯題
II.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.(10%)
中國堅(jiān)持走低消耗、低排放、高效益、高產(chǎn)出的新型工業(yè)化道路,是國際社會(huì)加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)、應(yīng)對氣候變化、實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展努力的重要組成部分。我們期待得到包括東亞國家在內(nèi)的國際社會(huì)的大力支持。中國將本著“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則,承擔(dān)應(yīng)有的國際責(zé)任和義務(wù)。
【答案】Chinaisstrivingtoembarkonanewpathtoindustrializationthatfeatureslowconsumptionofresources,lowemissions,highefficiencyandhighoutput,andthisisanintegralpartofinternationaleffortstoprotecttheenvironment,addressclimatechangeandachievesustainabledevelopment.Welookforwardtothestrongsupportforoureffortsfromtheinternationalcommunity,particularlyourEastAsianneighbors.Chinawillshoulderitsdueinternationalresponsibilitiesandobligationsinaccordancewiththeprincipleofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities.
6.單選題
Herexcellentperformance______theaudience’swarmacclamations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.resultedfrom
B.burstinto
C.evoked
D.prosecuted
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)resultfrom“由……造成,起因于”,B項(xiàng)burstinto“突然闖進(jìn)來”,C項(xiàng)evoke“引起,喚起,博得”,D項(xiàng)prosecute“檢舉,貫徹”。根據(jù)句子意思“她的精彩表演……觀眾的熱烈喝彩”可推斷,空格處應(yīng)該表示“贏得,博得”,所以只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意:她出色的表演引起了觀眾的熱烈喝彩。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.canceled
B.abolished
C.refused
D.rejected
【答案】B
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)cancel“取消”;B選項(xiàng)abolish“廢除,廢止”;C選項(xiàng)refuse“拒絕”;D選項(xiàng)reject“拒絕,排斥”。句意:人類開發(fā)月球的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被廢除。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
8.單選題
Itwasawonderfulplaywitha______ofoverfiftyactorsandactresses.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.list
B.group
C.bunch
D.herd
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)alistof“一系列”;B選項(xiàng)agroupof“一群(人)”;C選項(xiàng)abunchof“一束;一堆”;D選項(xiàng)aherdof“一群(牛、鹿等)”。句意:這是一出精彩的話劇,由______超過五十名男女演員參演。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是一群人參演了話劇,B選項(xiàng)agroupof“一群(人)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Afterthatshock,hisfriendsandfamilyoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewine
isgoodforhishealth.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.that
B.than
C.as
D.but
【答案】C
【解析】考查連詞的用法。根據(jù)句意,可知此處需要填入一個(gè)表示原因的連詞。句意:在那次打擊之后,他的朋友和家人經(jīng)常勸他不要再喝酒了,因?yàn)檫@對他的健康有好處。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
10.單選題
The()fromunderdevelopedcountriesmaywellincreaseinresponsetothesoaringdemandforhigh-techprofessionalsindevelopednations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.braindamage
B.braintrust
C.brainfever
D.braindrain
【答案】D
【解析】考查語義。A選項(xiàng)braindamage“腦損傷”;B選項(xiàng)braintrust“智囊團(tuán)”;C選項(xiàng)brainfever“腦膜炎”;D選項(xiàng)braindrain“人才外流”,句意為:由于發(fā)達(dá)國家對高科技專業(yè)人才的需求激增,來自不發(fā)達(dá)國家的人才外流很可能會(huì)增加。braindrain“人才外流”符合題意,因此選D。
11.單選題
Hewashere()thestroke.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.in
B.on
C.with
D.to
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短語搭配。onthestroke“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意:他準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了這里。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Itisfashionableinthesixtiesbutdefinitelypasseintheeighties.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.clivose
B.demode
C.abrim
D.xenial
【答案】B
【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clivose“小山的,丘陵的”;B選項(xiàng)demode“陳舊的;老式的”;C選項(xiàng)abrim“充滿著的”;D選項(xiàng)xenial“主客關(guān)系的;款待的”。句意:那在六十年代是時(shí)髦的,但在八十年代肯定是過時(shí)了。passe“已過盛年的;過時(shí)的;凋謝的”,B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Anoisyaggressivecousinofthecrow,themagpiehasthosebird’sthievishhabits.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Anoisy
B.aggressive
C.those
D.habits
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)題意,如果noisy和aggressive是并列的關(guān)系,共同修飾cousin,那么應(yīng)該用and來連接,所以noisy應(yīng)該用來修飾aggressive,改為noisily副詞形式,句意:喜鵲是烏鴉吵鬧好斗的近親,也有鳥那種偷偷摸摸的習(xí)性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
14.單選題
Whenpeoplespeakofsolarenergy,theythinkonlyofthesun’sraysheatingahomeor______electricityfromthesun.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.derive
B.ofderiving
C.deriving
D.toderive
【答案】C
【解析】考查語法。Thinkof后面應(yīng)該接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞,故排除A、B、D項(xiàng),只有C項(xiàng)正確。句意:當(dāng)人們談到太陽能時(shí),他們想到的只是用太陽的光線來加熱房屋或從太陽中獲得電力。因此該題選C。
15.單選題
Attheheightofthefinancialcrisis,alltheycoulddowas______andhopethatconditionswouldimprove.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.holdon
B.getalong
C.geton
D.lookon
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)holdon“堅(jiān)持;稍等”;B選項(xiàng)getalong“與……和睦相處”;C選項(xiàng)geton“繼續(xù)做;開始做”;D選項(xiàng)lookon“把……當(dāng)作”。句意:在金融危機(jī)最嚴(yán)重的時(shí)候,他們能做的只有______,并希望情況會(huì)有所改善。they和橫線處構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,在金融危機(jī)時(shí),只有A選項(xiàng)holdon“堅(jiān)持”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
16.翻譯題
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Scholars,writersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhavestrongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson’sideas.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,thetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnotgivingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.Simplystated,plagiarismis“thewrongfulappropriationandpublicationasone’sownoftheideas,ortheexpressionofideasofanother.”
Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.(46)Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfromplagiarismbyinternationalcopyrightlaws,thepenaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer.Protectionofscholarsandwriters,throughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunities,isarelativelyrecentconcept.
(47)Students,asinexperiencedscholarsthemselves,mustavoidvarioustypesofplagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasandbygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsofplagiarismasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsourcesproperly.Theyareplagiarismbyaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.
Plagiarismbyaccident,oroversight,sometimesistheresultofthewriter’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,hearditinalecturesinceforgotten,oracquireditsecond-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.(48)Althoughthistypeofplagiarismmustbeguardedagainstitistheleastseriousand,iflessonslearned,canbeexemptfrombeingseverelypunished.
Plagiarismthroughignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwritersoftendonotknowhoworwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfordocumentation—note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listingbibliography—areeasilylearnedandcanpreventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhisreferences.(49)Although“thereisnocopyrightinnews,orinideas,onlyintheexpressionofthem.”thewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhissourcesforideasarechallenged.
Themostseriouskindofacademicthieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewrite,limitedbyhislazinessanddullness,copiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhisown.Henotonlysteals,hetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideasareoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoral,dishonest,offensive,anddespicableareusedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention.
Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseoftheideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheirsources.(50)Students,asdevelopingscholars,writers,teachers,andprofessionalleaders,shouldrecognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentallsourcesfromwhichlanguageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnotonlyrespectthescholarship,theywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty.
【答案】【參考譯文】
46.在文學(xué)界,作者受到國際版權(quán)法的保護(hù),免受剽竊,處罰范圍從小額罰款到監(jiān)禁和毀掉職業(yè)生涯不等。
47.作為沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)者,學(xué)生必須避免各種類型的剽竊和抄襲,在使用其他學(xué)者的想法時(shí)要自我批評,對借用的思想和詞語的來源給予適當(dāng)?shù)馁潛P(yáng),否則會(huì)發(fā)生可怕的后果。
48.盡管這類剽竊必須加以防范,但它是最不嚴(yán)重的,如果吸取了教訓(xùn),可以免于受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。
49.盡管“新聞和思想沒有版權(quán),只有它們的表達(dá)方式”,但當(dāng)作者的思想來源受到質(zhì)疑時(shí),他不能以無知為借口。
50.作為發(fā)展中的學(xué)者、作家、教師和職業(yè)領(lǐng)袖,學(xué)生應(yīng)該意識到并承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任,記錄所有引用的語言和思想的來源。
17.單選題
Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossess,iftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.
Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Eveninyourhouseyouarenotabsolutelysafe;anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse,orantsmayeatawaysomeofthebeamsinyourroofsothatthelatterfallsonyou,oryoumaygetcancer!
Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactionstoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou,youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.
Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingontoyourhouse.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning;youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourseofaction,sofearofthisparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.
1.Childrenwouldplaywithfireuntiltheirhandswereburntawayif().
2.Areallyfearlesssoldier().
3.Fearshouldbeusedproperlybecause().
4.Peoplesometimessucceedintimelyavoidingdangerbecause().
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutnotstated?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theyweregivennowarningbeforehand
B.theyhadneverburntthemselves
C.theyhadnosenseofpain
D.theywerefearfulofthefire
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.isoflittleusetothearmy
B.iswithoutequal
C.isnothingbutadeadsoldier
D.easilygetskilledinabattle
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse
B.youmaygetcancer
C.fearcanbeusedasaservantandguide
D.menarenowlettingfearrulethemtoomuch
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theyhavegainedexperience
B.theyjumpoutofthewayintime
C.theyarecalminfaceofdanger
D.theyarewarnedofthedangerandcantakequickaction
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Fearisalwayssomethinghelpful.
B.Toomuchfearisharmful.
C.Fearoughttobeusedasaservantandguide.
D.Fearissomethingunprofitable
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.”如果火在燃燒時(shí)沒有傷到孩子,他們就會(huì)一直玩到火燒到自己的手為止。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“fearlesssoldier”定位到第一段第四句“Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;”一個(gè)無畏的士兵不是一個(gè)好士兵,因?yàn)樗芸炀蜁?huì)被殺。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.”重要的是不要讓恐懼支配你,而是要把恐懼當(dāng)作你的仆人和向?qū)?。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題第三段的二三句“Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactionstoavoidthedanger.”恐懼會(huì)警告你有危險(xiǎn);然后你必須決定采取什么行動(dòng)。在大多數(shù)情況下,你可以采取快速和成功的行動(dòng)來避免危險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
5.推斷題。選項(xiàng)A中always表述錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)C是原文已經(jīng)闡明的觀點(diǎn);選項(xiàng)D不符合原文。只有選項(xiàng)B正確且符合原文。
18.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
FewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorianattitudetochildren,butifyouwereaparentinthosedays,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood:childrenweretobeseenandnotheard.Freudandcompanydidawaywithallthatandparentshavebeen(71)eversince.Thechild’shappinessisall-important,thepsychologistssay,(72)whatabouttheparents’happiness?Parentssufferconstantlyfromfearandguiltwhiletheirchildren(73)rompaboutpullingtheplaceapart.Agoodold-fashionedspankingisoutofthe(74);nomodernchild-rearing(75)wouldpermitsuchbarbarity.Thetroubleisyouarenotallowed(76)toshout.Whoknowswhatdeep(77)woundsyoumightinflict?Thepoorchildmayneverrecoverfromthedreadfultraumatic(78).Soitisthatparent’s(79)toavoidgivingtheirchildrencomplexes(80)ahundredyearsagowasn’tevenheardof.Certainlyachildneedslove,andalotofit.Buttheexcessive(81)ofmodernparentsissurelydoingmoreharmthangood.
Psychologistshavesucceededin(82)parents’confidenceintheirownauthority.Andithasn’ttakenchildrenlongtogetwindofthefact.(83)thegreatmodernclassicsonchildcare,therearecountlessarticlesinmagazinesandnewspapers.Withsomuchunsolicited(84)flyingabout,mumanddadjustdon’tknowwhattodoanymore.Intheend,theydonothingatall.So,fromearlychildhood,thekidsareinchargeandparents’livesare(85)accordingtotheneedsoftheiroffspring.Whenthelittledearsdevelopinto(86),theytakecompletecontrol.Laxauthorityovertheyearsmakesadolescent(87)againstparentsallthemoreviolent.Iftheyoungpeoplearegoingtohaveaparty,(88),parentsareaskedtoleavethehouse.Theirpresencemerely(89)thefun.Whatelsecanthepoorparentsdobut(90)?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.relaxed
B.thrilled
C.bewildered
D.inspired
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.so
B.but
C.and
D.or
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.pleasantly
B.enthusiastically
C.cautiously
D.gaily
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.problem
B.question
C.issue
D.argument
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.brochure
B.pamphlet
C.manual
D.publication
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.even
B.also
C.just
D.as
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.physical
B.emotional
C.psychological
D.sensational
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.experience
B.hazard
C.adventure
D.impact
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.strive
B.hesitate
C.anticipate
D.oblige
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.what
B.it
C.which
D.this
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.penalty
B.barbarity
C.scold
D.permissiveness
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.es
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