考研考博-英語-山東華宇工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東華宇工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Foryearsthetwinbrothershavebeen（）watches,rings,anddiamondsintheneighboringcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sheltering

B.smuggling

C.supervising

D.speculating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sheltering“保護(hù)，掩蔽”；B選項(xiàng)smuggling“走私”；C選項(xiàng)supervising“監(jiān)督，管理，指導(dǎo)”；D選項(xiàng)speculating“投機(jī)，猜測(cè)”。句意：多年來，這對(duì)孿生兄弟一直在鄰國(guó)走私手表、戒指和鉆石?？崭窈筇岬降膚atches,rings,anddiamonds手表、戒指和鉆石以及毒品等是走私的一般物品，還涉及了neighboringcountries鄰國(guó)，B選項(xiàng)smuggling“走私”最恰當(dāng)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notasuch

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnosuchthingas…是習(xí)慣用法，意思為“沒有…這樣的事”。句意：土地歸城市所有，沒有土地私有這回事。因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D選項(xiàng)。

3.翻譯題

如何積累詞匯。掌握一門外語的詞匯有幾種途徑：1）通過上下文巧妙地猜測(cè)詞義；2）結(jié)合閱讀使用詞典；3）除閱讀外，進(jìn)行專門的詞匯訓(xùn)練。我們是慢慢吞吞地、吃力地積累詞匯，以便幾年以后可以流暢閱讀呢，還是在閱讀的同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)詞匯呢？最容易也最有趣的增加詞匯的可能辦法是拿一本用淺顯文體寫成的故事書（老師或圖書館管理員可以推薦一本），然后當(dāng)作故事來讀。當(dāng)作故事來讀這一文選意味著整句整段地閱讀，而不是逐字逐詞地翻譯，即使我們?cè)谶@兒或那兒漏掉了一些意義，但最終還是能逐漸地熟悉某些詞匯而根本不用查詞典。當(dāng)然，這只是我們?cè)陂喿x用本族語寫的故事時(shí)所用的方法，這樣的閱讀使我們能比逐字翻譯更好地感受習(xí)慣用法和句法。

【答案】Howtoaccumulatevocabulary?Thereareseveralwaystomasteraforeignlanguage’svocabulary:1)Skilfullyguessthemeaningofawordbasedoncontext;2)useadictionary,combiningwiththereading;3)dospecialvocabularytraining,besidesreading.Whetherweaccumulatevocabularyslowlyandlaboriouslysothatwecanreadsmoothlyseveralyearslaterorlearningvocabularywhilereading?Theeasiestandmostinterestingwaytoenlargevocabularyisprobablyusingastorybookwhichiswritteninplainliteraryform(teacherorlibrariancanrecommendone),andthenreaditasastory.Readingthisliteraryselectionasastorymeansreadingitbywholesentenceandwholeparagraph,nottranslatingitwordbyword.Evenifwemisssomemeaninghereorthere,wecangraduallyfamiliarizewithcertainwordsultimatelywithoutlookingupdictionary.Ofcourse,thismethodisjustusedwhenwereadstorieswritteninourownlanguage.Thiskindofreadingcanmakeusfeelidiomaticusageandsyntaxbetterthantranslatingwordbyword.

4.翻譯題

在中國(guó)較大的城市中，自行車流——曾一度是中國(guó)城市最生動(dòng)的形象之一，已經(jīng)被擠滿汽車的街道取代了，可怕的是，駕駛者大多是新手。通過禁止或嚴(yán)格限制在這些城市使用摩托車，中國(guó)跳過了它的亞洲鄰國(guó)的發(fā)展模式，在這些國(guó)家中，摩托車通常使新富們初次嘗到了不需費(fèi)力就可四處移動(dòng)的滋味。擁有大約九百萬輛普通自行車的上海，去年因禁止自行車在市中心的主要街道上行駛，引起了媒體的一陣批評(píng)。但是近來自行車用得是越來越少了。

【答案】

InChina'sbiggercities,theriversofbicycles—onceoneofthemostvividimagesofurbanChina—havebeenreplacedwithstreetsjammedwithcars,mostofthem,terrifyingly,areinthehandsofnovicedrivers.Bybanningorseverelyrestrictingmotorcycleuseinthesecities,ChinahasleapfroggedthedevelopmentpatternofitsAsianneighbors,wherethemotorbikehasusuallyprovidedthenewlyaffluentwiththeirfirsttasteofeffortlessmobility.Shanghai,hometoabout9millionordinarybikes,arousedaflurryofmediacriticismlastyearbybanningthemfrommainroadsinthecenter.Buttheyarelessandlessusedthesedays.

5.單選題

Theeachrevolvesbothroundthesunandonitsownaxis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolves

B.involves

C.rotates

D.evolves

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolves“決定；溶解；使……分解；決心要做……”；B選項(xiàng)involves“包含；牽涉；使陷于；潛心于”；C選項(xiàng)rotates“旋轉(zhuǎn)；循環(huán)”；D選項(xiàng)evolves“進(jìn)化，進(jìn)展”。句意：每一個(gè)（星球）都繞著太陽和自己的軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。本句關(guān)鍵詞revolves表示“使……旋轉(zhuǎn)；使……循環(huán)”，可和rotates做同義替換；因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Anearthquakeisashakingoftheground（）whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichoccurring

B.itoccurs

C.andthereforeoccurring

D.thatoccurs

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)which是多余的，occurring是分詞作定語，不需要引導(dǎo)詞；B選項(xiàng)it不能引導(dǎo)定語從句；C選項(xiàng)語法混亂；根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)選擇D選項(xiàng)“thatoccurs”，whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition是由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：地震是一種地面的震動(dòng)……當(dāng)?shù)厍虮砻嫦碌拇髩K巖石改變位置。因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Diamondshavelittle（

）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct滅絕的，絕種的；permanent永久的，不變的；surplus剩余的，過剩的；intrinsic本質(zhì)的，固有的。句意：鉆石本身沒有什么價(jià)值，它們的價(jià)格幾乎完全取決于它們的稀缺性。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Thepatient’sprogresswasencouraging,ashecould（

）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.only

B.nearly

C.hardly

D.badly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析?？崭窈笫莿?dòng)詞，因此空格處填入副詞修飾。A選項(xiàng)only“只，僅僅”；B選項(xiàng)nearly“差不多；密切地”；C選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不；剛剛”；D選項(xiàng)badly“非常；嚴(yán)重地”。句意：病人的進(jìn)步是令人鼓舞的，因?yàn)樗恍枰獛椭湍芟麓?。由句中“encouraging”可知，此處表示病人“幾乎不需要幫助就可下床”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shemakesalivingnowasadressmaker.

B.Shemakesalivingnowasalandlady.

C.Sheworriesalotaboutherhealth.

D.Shenowlivesonherpension.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Doyouwork?

W:Iamadressmaker，butIhaven’tworkedforayear.

M:Thenhowcanyoumanagetolivewithoutworking?

W:Ihaveatenant.

M:Doyouoftenworryaboutthings?

W:Iusedtoworrybutnotnow.Iknowit'snotworthit.

Q:Whatistrueaboutthewoman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：Ihaveatenant（我有房客），即她是房東。

10.單選題

Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans—theorganicenvironmentisbornanddiesandisrebornendlessly,beautifully,andcompletelywithoutmoralconstraintorethicalcontrol.Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.Itisnotacity.

Humanbeingsmadeandmakecities,andonlyhumanbeingskillcities,orletthemdie.Andhumanbeingsdoboth—makecitiesandunmakethem—bythesamemeans:byactsofchoice.Weenjoydeludingourselvesinthisasinotherthings.Weenjoybelievingthatthereareforcesouttherecompletelydeterminingourfate,naturalforces—orforcessostrongandoverwhelmingastobelikenaturalforces—thatsendcitiesthroughorganicorbiologicalphasesofbirth,growth,anddecay.Weavoidtheknowledgethatcitiesareatbestworksofart,andatworstungainlyartifacts—butneverflowersorevenweeds—andthatwe,notsomemysteriousforceorcosmicbiologicalsystem,controlthecreationandlifeofacity.

Wecontrolthecreationandlifeofacitybythechoicesandagreementswemake—thebasicchoicebeing,forinstance,nottolivealone,thebasicagreementbeingtolivetogether.Whenpeoplechoosetosettle,likethestarts,notwanderlikethemoon,theycreatecitiesassitesandsymbolsoftheirchoicetostopandtheiragreementnottoseparate.Nowstasisandproximity,notmovementdistance,definehumanrelationships.Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.

Acityisnotanextendedfamily.Thatisatribeorclan.Acityisacollectionofdisparatefamilieswhoagreetofunction:Theyagreetoliveasiftheywereascloseinbloodortiesofkinshipastheyareinphysicalproximity.Choosinglifeinanartifact,peopleagreetoliveinastateofsimilitude.Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.Ifafamilyisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughbiology,acityisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughwillandimagination—throughmentalchoicesmakingartifice,notthroughphysicalreproduction.

21.Theauthor’spurposeisprimarilyto______.

22.Theauthorcitesthesentence“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”(Paragraph1)as______.

23.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthestatementsquotedin“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”inParagraph1is______.

24.Accordingtothispassage,whyisananthillbydefinitionunlikeacity?

25.Mutualdefense,controlofwaterways,andshelterfromtheforcesofnaturearepresentedprimarilyanexampleofmotivesforpeopleto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identifythesourcesofpopulardiscontentwithcities

B.definethecityasgrowingoutofasocialcontract

C.illustratethedifferencebetweencitiesandvillages

D.comparecitieswithbloodfamilies

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anexampleofonetypeoffigurativelanguages

B.asimplestatementofscientificfact

C.amomentarydigressionfromhiscentralthesis

D.aparadoxwithironicimplications

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.respectful

B.ambivalent

C.skeptical

D.approving

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbecasuallydestroyedbyhumanbeings.

B.Itsinhabitantsoutnumbertheinhabitantsofeventhelargestcity.

C.Itisaworkofinstinctratherthanofimagination.

D.Itexistsonafarsmallerscalethananycitydoes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.moveawayfromtheirenemies

B.gathertogetherinsettlements

C.welcomehelpfromtheirkinfolk

D.redefinetheirfamilyrelationships

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者的主要目的是……”。定位文章第一句Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.（當(dāng)我們從過去和現(xiàn)在的時(shí)代、從最初到今天來思考城市時(shí)，我們必須永遠(yuǎn)記住，城市是人工制品）可知，文章開頭先指出城市是人造藝術(shù)品，隨后兩段描述了人類是如何通過選擇和約定控制城市的創(chuàng)造和生活，最后總結(jié)城市是一個(gè)有著契約的地方，定位文章倒數(shù)第二句Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.（城市是一個(gè)有著重大契約的城市），所以這篇文章的作者的主要目的是定義城市為社會(huì)契約中成長(zhǎng)起來的地方，B項(xiàng)“將城市定義為在社會(huì)契約中成長(zhǎng)起來的城市”正確。A項(xiàng)“找出民眾對(duì)城市不滿的根源”，文中沒有提到人類對(duì)城市的不滿，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。C項(xiàng)“說明城市和鄉(xiāng)村之間的差異”也是無中生有，原文并未比較這兩個(gè)的差異。D項(xiàng)“比較城市與血親家庭”曲解原文，原文只是用血親家庭來描述城市的特點(diǎn)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

22.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“作者在第一段中引用了‘社區(qū)是城市有機(jī)體的重要細(xì)胞’，作為……”。定位到第一段第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(…“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”)…—areartificial.（盡管我們從生物學(xué)或自然角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行比喻：社區(qū)是城市有機(jī)體的重要細(xì)胞，但是，城市還是人造的），句子中提到了metaphor，作者從生物學(xué)角度引用比喻來描述城市，所以A項(xiàng)“一種比喻性語言的一個(gè)例子”正確。B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)事實(shí)的簡(jiǎn)單陳述”和C項(xiàng)“中心論點(diǎn)暫時(shí)的離題”屬于無中生有，這并不是一個(gè)科學(xué)事實(shí)，也沒有離題。D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)具有諷刺意味的悖論”屬于曲解原文，文中并沒有提到悖論。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

23.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者在第一段中引用‘當(dāng)工業(yè)逃離時(shí)，城市就會(huì)消亡；社區(qū)是城市有機(jī)體的重要細(xì)胞’時(shí)，陳述的態(tài)度是……”。定位到第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.（但是城市是人造的，盡管我們從生物學(xué)或自然角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行比喻：當(dāng)工業(yè)逃離時(shí)，城市就會(huì)消亡；社區(qū)是城市有機(jī)體的重要細(xì)胞；或者盡管我們用感傷的或擬人化的手段來描述城市）可知，盡管從生物學(xué)或自然學(xué)角度來比喻，或者用擬人化的手段來描述城市，試圖讓城市和自然聯(lián)系在一起，但是城市依舊是人造的，這是一種矛盾的想法，所以B項(xiàng)“矛盾的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“有禮貌的”、C項(xiàng)“持懷疑態(tài)度的”和D項(xiàng)“贊成的”都不正確，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，為什么蟻丘的定義不同于城市？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.（大自然從未創(chuàng)造過城市，而大自然創(chuàng)造的城市可能看起來像一座城市，比如一座蟻丘，但它只是看起來像一座城市）可知，蟻丘雖然看起來是個(gè)城市，但其實(shí)并不是城市；結(jié)合第一段第一句提到的wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts（我們必須永遠(yuǎn)記住城市是人工制品），可以推斷蟻丘和城市的區(qū)別在于一個(gè)是自然的本能，一個(gè)是人工創(chuàng)造，C項(xiàng)“這是本能的工作，而不是想象力”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“它可以被人類隨意摧毀”，城市也只有人類才能毀滅，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。B項(xiàng)“它的居民數(shù)量甚至超過最大城市的居民”和D項(xiàng)“它的規(guī)模比任何城市都小得多”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“共同防御，控制水道，躲避自然的力量，這些都是人們……的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)”。定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.（共同防御、控制河流或港口、躲避自然力量，所有這些和其他原因可能導(dǎo)致人們聚集，但一旦聚集，他們的生活方式就不同了，也變得不同了）可知，人們做這些事情的原因是聚集在一起，其中提到了兩個(gè)詞，aggregate和congregated，相當(dāng)于gathertogether，所以B項(xiàng)“聚集在定居點(diǎn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)離他們的敵人”和C項(xiàng)“歡迎親戚的幫助”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。定位最后一段第一句Acityisnotanextendedfamily.（一個(gè)城市不是一個(gè)大家庭）可知，城市并不是一個(gè)大家庭，所以人們做這些事情并不是為了重新定義家庭關(guān)系，D項(xiàng)“重新定義他們的家庭關(guān)系”為反向干擾。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

The（）ofmodembridgeismadeofconcreteorsteelandcoveredwithsomethingelse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arch

B.platform

C.skeleton

D.coating

【答案】A

【解析】arch拱形,拱門；platform平臺(tái),月臺(tái)；skeleton骨架,骨骼；coating涂層,包衣。句意：現(xiàn)代橋梁的拱是由混凝土或鋼制成的,上面覆蓋著其他的材料。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.hindered

D.refrained

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。prevent“防止”；restrain“抑制，阻止”；hinder“阻礙”；refrain“抑制，自制，避免”。句意：他的事業(yè)沒有因?yàn)樗麤]上過大學(xué)而受到明顯的障礙。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

JohnaskedMary（）forherelectronicdictionary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didshepayhowmuch

B.shepaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidshepay

D.howmuchshepaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語從句的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥訛橘e語從句，從句的語序應(yīng)為：疑問詞+主語+謂語。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：John問Mary買的電子詞典多少錢。

14.寫作題

Writeanessayabout200wordsasyouranswertothefollowingquestion:“ShouldtheChinesegovernmentpaymoreattentionandinvestmoreineducationforchildrenintheruralarea?”WriteyouransweronyourANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】Nowadays,thesocietycalledformoreeffortstoupgradetheeducationqualityinthevastwesternruralarea,wheretheeconomywasrelativelybackward.Toimprovetheeducationqualityinthewesternprovinces,especiallyintheruralarea,weshouldpromotesocialharmony,coordinatedevelopmentbetweenthecitiesandthecountryside,andpayattentiontothelong-termdevelopmentofthewesternregion.Moreinvestmentshouldbeinjectedintotheeducationsectorinthewesternruralareatoallowruralstudentstoreceivetheirfreenine-yearcompulsoryeducation.Thegovernmentshouldattractmoreoutstandingteacherstoserveinthecountryside.Also,moreeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovetheteachingandboardingfacilitiesforruralstudents,andteachingmethodsshouldalsobeimprovedtohelpstudentsdevelopcreativethinking.Theauthorityshouldalsostresstheimportanceofeducationforethnicminorities.Moreeffortsshouldbemadetodevelopethnicminorityeducationsoastomakecontributiontothecommonprosperityofallnationalities.

15.單選題

Otherguestsatyesterday'sopeningceremony,whichwasbroadcast（

）bytheradiostationincludedtheGovernorandtheMayor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.live

C.lively

D.living

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。alive“活著的，活潑的，有生氣的”；live“直播的，活的”；lively“活潑的，生動(dòng)的”；living“現(xiàn)存的，活躍的，逼真的”。句意：昨天，廣播電臺(tái)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的開幕式上，其他來賓包括州長(zhǎng)和市長(zhǎng)。由broadcast可推知是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播。故B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theworkhas________thestatusofaclassicamongthecomposer’sadmirers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.required

B.acquired

C.inquired

D.inspired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)required“要求”；B選項(xiàng)acquired“獲得，取得”；C選項(xiàng)inquired“詢問，問明”；D選項(xiàng)inspired“激發(fā)，鼓舞”。句意：這個(gè)作品在作曲者的追隨者中（）經(jīng)典的地位，作品和追隨者心目中的地位是需要獲得的，所以B選項(xiàng)acquire最合適。

17.填空題

Onenight,standingoutonthedeck,Ifeltdestroyedbymyburden.Iwasabout$50,000indebt.Mypublisherandmyagentwereatmeconstantly,toaskwhenIwouldfinishthisendlessbook.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dtoask改為asking

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】D部分是句子的非謂語動(dòng)詞，ask和此句的主語Mypublisherandmyagent是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞asking。

【句意】一天晚上，我站在甲板上，覺得不堪重負(fù)。我當(dāng)時(shí)欠了5萬美元。我的出版商和經(jīng)紀(jì)人不斷地問我，什么時(shí)候能寫完這本永無終止的書。

18.單選題

JamesCook,（）,alsodiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byexploringtheSouthSeahereachedAustralia

B.exploredtheSouthSeaandreachingAustralia

C.whoexploredtheSouthSeaandreachedAustralia

D.exploredtheSouthSeathenreachedAustralia

【答案】C

【解析】考查從句。C選項(xiàng)做定語從句修飾主語JamesCook，定語從句中的謂語explored和reached由and并列，時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一致，整個(gè)句子代入到題干中無語法錯(cuò)誤。句意：詹姆斯庫克探索了南海并到達(dá)了澳大利亞，他也發(fā)現(xiàn)了夏威夷群島。A選項(xiàng)中hereachedAustralia是一個(gè)完整句子，代入到題干中，整個(gè)句子出現(xiàn)多個(gè)主語和謂語，并且沒有適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或引導(dǎo)詞，因此A錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)中and后的動(dòng)詞是reaching而and之前的動(dòng)詞是explored，and并列的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不一致，因此錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系不正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.寫作題

Writeashortsummary(about60-80words)ofthefollowingarticle.Thesummaryrestatesthemainideawithoutaddinganycommentsthatexpresspersonalfeelingorresponsestothedetailspresented.Keepinmindthatthepurposeofasummaryofconciserestatementoftheauthor’sideasinyourownwordsistotestyourunderstandingofthearticle.PleasewriteyoursummaryontheAnswerSheet

WhattheU.S.andChineseSchoolSystemsHaveinCommon

02/22/2012BySarahCarr

AmericanswhovisitChineseschoolsquicklyrealizethatmanyofourbeliefsandassumptionsabouteducationholdlittlewaterinChina:IntheUnitedStates,oururbanpublicschoolsperformrelativelypoorly,butinChinatheurbansystemsrateamongthenation’sbest.Hereweoftenregardprivateschoolsasacutabovepublicones(thoughthetruthisfarmurkier),butmostChineseconsiderpublicschoolstobesuperior.Americansviewpubliceducationasacrucialequalizerforademocraticsociety,intheoryatleastbuttheChineseseeitpartlyasameanstosorttheirmassivepopulationinadistinctlyundemocraticfashion.

Despitethesedifferencesofconceit,theAmericanandChineseeducationsystemsshareonecommon,definingcharacteristic:theyarebothplaguedbygrossinequalitiesandrampantsegregation.IntheUnitedStates,theseinjusticesfalllargelyalongracialandclasslines:poor,minoritystudentsaremorelikelytoattendhighlysegregatedschools;theirschoolsaremorelikelytosufferfromalackofresources;andtheirteachersaremorelikelytobeinexperienced.

TheChineseeducationsystem,too,featuresethnicandclassinequities.ButevenmoresothanintheUnitedStates,geographyandbirthplaceequaleducationaldestiny.AsSarahButrymowiczofTheHechingerReportdocumentedinarecentarticle,millionsofschoolchildrenhavemigratedtocitiesinrecentyearswiththeirjob-huntingparents.Oncethere,theyoftenfindthemselvesineligibletoattendgovernment-runschools,particularlythebestones.Anunknownnumberwindupinsub-par,pseudo-privateschoolcateringtothemigrantpopulation.

HenanChang,anassistantprofessorinLoyolaUniversityChicago'sSchoolofEducationwhohasstudiedtheoutcomesofmigrantschoolchildreninKunming,saidmostofthem“havenointeractionwhatsoeverwiththelocalresidents.Theyliveintheirownbubbles.Theirplaymates,theirschoolmatesthey'reallmigrantsthemselves.”

ButrymowicznotesthatthesedisparitiestaintedChina'srecentdomineeringperformanceoninternationalassessmentsinreading,mathandsciencebecausemanypublicschoolsdonotadmitmigrantstudents.WhenShanghai15-year-oldsoutperformedtherestoftheworldin2010,observerswonderediftheirsuccessstemmedatleastinpartfromexclusionary,segregationistpractices.AfterItoldafriendofminewhogrewupinChinaabouttheinternationalrankings,hequippedthatpublic-schoolstudentsinShanghaiarecomparabletoprivate-schoolstudentsonManhattan'sUpperEastSideintermsoftheirwealthandprivilege.Shakinghishead,henotedthatnoonewouldtakeDaltonorBrearley—twooftheBigApple'smosteliteprivateschools—asrepresentativeofthewholeUnitedStates.

In2006,IspentseveralweeksinChinarepottingonthecountry’sschools,focusinginparticularontheeducationofmigrantchildrenlivinginBeijing.InAmerica,everyoneaskedmeifChineseschoolshadleftusinthedust,whileinChinaeveryoneaskedmeifAmericanschoolshadlefttheminthedust.AmericansreveredtheChinesemasteryofbasicsubjectssuchasmathandgeography,whiletheChineseextolledtheAmericanemphasisoncreativityandnurturingindividualtalent.

AmericanstalkedaboutthestrikingdisciplineofChinesestudents,whiletheChinesewonderedwhytheyhadnotyetwonmoreNobleprizes.Nobodyineithercountryframedtheirfearsaboutinternationalcompetitivenessintermsofinequality,however.

Bothnationsdowellbytheirmostprivilegedandfortunatestudents.InChina,theyattendwell-resources,state-of-the-artgovernmentschoolsthatemploysomeofthecountry’sbestteachers.InAmerica,theirfamiliespossessthemoneyandfreedomtomovetoregionswherepublicschoolsexcel,ortoenrollinanynumberofwealthyprivateschools.

Foreithercountry,winningtheglobalcompetitionwilldependlessonchangesmadefortheelitesthechildrenofthe1percent.Ultimately,successwilldependontheirleaders’interestandfortitudeinaddressingtheopportunitygapsthatpersistthroughouttheirschools.Whenitcomestoeducation,that’sthesingle,indelibletraitthatbothcountrieshavelongshared.

【答案】【參考范文】

AmericansandChineseholddifferentviewsoneducationsystem.InAmerica,peoplethinkprivateschoolsisthebestchoice,whileChinesehaveadifferentopinion.Despitethedifferences,theAmericanandChineseeducationsystemshavesomethingincommon—unfairofeducation.InAmerica,theseinjusticesisreflectedinracialandclass;inChina,itshowsmoreinregionaldifference.Thehigh-qualityeducationcanonlybenefittheminorityinbothcountries.

Inordertowintheglobalcompetition,theirleadersshouldpaymoreattentiontoclosetheopportunitygaps.

20.單選題

Shemusthavebeenpretty（）tofallforsuchanoldtrick.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interested

B.gullible

C.enthusiastic

D.shrewd

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)interested“感興趣的”；B選項(xiàng)gullible“易受騙的，輕信的”；C選項(xiàng)enthusiastic“熱情的”；D選項(xiàng)shrewd“精明的，狡猾的”。句意：她太容易上當(dāng)受騙了，才落入這樣的老圈套。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.翻譯題

Readingisfun,notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething,butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.Yourownimaginationworksalongwiththeauthor’sorevengoesbeyondhis.Yourexperience,comparedwithhis,bringsyoutothesameordifferentconclusions,andyourideasdevelopasyouunderstandthis.

Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparate,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.

【答案】閱讀之所以有趣，并不是因?yàn)樽髡咴谙蚰阒v述什么，而是由于閱讀使你積極地思考。在作者的引導(dǎo)之下，你的想象力任意馳騁，甚至超越作者的想象。對(duì)比作者的經(jīng)歷，你會(huì)得出自己的結(jié)論，可能相同，也可能相悖。而你的想法會(huì)隨著你的理解而發(fā)展。

每一本書籍都獨(dú)立存在，就像獨(dú)門獨(dú)戶的房子，而圖書館中的書籍卻像城市中的建筑。盡管它們各自獨(dú)立，但卻共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。它們之間彼此相連，而且也與其他城市相互聯(lián)系。相同或者相關(guān)的想法在不同的地方出現(xiàn)。人類在生活中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的問題在文學(xué)中也重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，但在不同的時(shí)代、不同的作品中解決的辦法各不相同。

22.單選題

______abombontheroad,thecarwasstopped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Havingseen

B.Thedriverseeing

C.Seeing

D.Afterseeing

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Havingseen看到B.Thedriverseeing司機(jī)看到

C.Seeing看到

D.Afterseeing在看到……后

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞wasstopped，因此空格處需填入一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞。主句主語是thecar（汽車），非謂語動(dòng)詞see的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是thedriver（司機(jī)）。因此應(yīng)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞/代詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句子邏輯。

【句意】司機(jī)看到路上有炸彈，于是把車停了下來。

23.翻譯題

Thedimensionsoftourismareastonishing.In2012，theU.N.tourismorganizationcelebratedreaching1billioninternationaltripsinasingleyear.Ingrosseconomicpoweritisinthesamecompanyasoil,energy,financeandagriculture.Atleastoneoutofeverytenpeoplearoundtheworldisemployedbytheindustry,accordingtoWolfgangWeinzoftheInternationalLabourOrganization.

Travelhasalsobecomeadefaultfund-raisingtechnique.（1）Todaypoornationsseetourismastheirbestbetoutofpoverty，secondonlytooilandenergyasthemajorengineofdevelopment.Thailandistheworld’sbiggestexporterofrice,yetitstourismisitsnum-ber-onemoneyearner.CostaRicahasturneditswildernessintoavenueforhighlyprofita-bleecotcurism.AssoonasSriLanka,andnowBurma，beganseeinganendtoconflict,theyopenedthedoortoarushoftourists.AftertheArabSpringuprising,Egyptsentoutapleatocruisecompaniesandtouroperatorstoreturnandkick-starttheeconomy

（2）TheU.N.tourismorganizationnowplacespovertyreductionasoneofitstopob-jectives，alongwiththehigh-mindedidealsofimprovinginternationalpeaceandprosperi-ty.SincetheendoftheColdWarandtheopeningoftheworldfortravel，tourismhasbe-comeanimportantsourceofforeignexchangefortheworld’spoorestnations,oftentheonlyone.Whiletourismrequiressomeinfrastructure,fromairfieldstomodernhigh-ways.Itislessexpensivethanbuildingfactories.Intheory,poorcountriesshouldbeabletousethenewrevenuefromthetourismindustrytopayfortheinfrastructurewhileraisingstandardsoflivingandimprovingtheenvironment.Onehundredoftheworld’spoorestna-tionsdoearnupto5percentoftheirgrossnationalproductfromforeigntouristswhomar-velattheirexoticcustoms，buysuitcasesofsouvenirsandtakeinnumerablephotographsofstunninglandscapes.

（3）Butjustastourismiscapableofliftinganationoutofpoverty，itisjustaslikelytopollutetheenvironment，reducestandardsoflivingforthepoorbecausetheprofitsgotointernationalhotelchainsandcorruptlocalelites，andcatertotheworstoftourism,in-cludingcondemningchildrentheexploitationofsextourism.Likeanymajorindustry,tourismhasaseriousdownside,especiallysincetourismandtravelisunderestimatedasaglobalpowerhouse，itsstudyandregulationisspottyatbest.（4）Tourism

isoneofthosedouble-edgedswordsthatmaylooklikeaneasywaytoearndesperatelyneededmoneybutcanravagewildernessareasandunderminenativeculturestofitintopackagetours:afifteen-minutesnippetofaballetperformedinSouthernIndia；nativehandicraftsrefashionedtofitoversizetour-ists.Whatisknownisthattourismandtravelisresponsiblefor5.3percentoftheworld’scarbonemissionsandthedegradationofnearlyeverytropicalbeachintheworld.

Tomakewayformoreresortswithspectacularviews，developersdestroynativehabi-tatsandignorelocalconcerns.（5）Preservationistsdecrythegrowingpropensitytobulldozeoldhotelsandbuildingsinfavorofconstructingnewresorts，waterholesandentertain-mentspotsthatlookidenticalwhetherinSingapore，DubaiorJohannesburg，aworldwherediversityisreplacedwithhomogeneity.Anothercatastropheforcountriesbettingontourismhascomefromwealthyvacationerswhofallinlovewithacountryandbuysomanysecondhousesthatlocalscannolongeraffordtoliveintheirowntownsandvillages.

【答案】（1）現(xiàn)今的貧窮國(guó)家將旅游業(yè)視為擺脫貧困的最佳方法，僅次于石油和能源這兩個(gè)重要的發(fā)展引擎。

（2）聯(lián)合國(guó)旅游組織現(xiàn)在將扶貧和增進(jìn)國(guó)際和平與繁榮的高尚理想一起作為其首要目標(biāo)之一。

（3）但是，正如旅游業(yè)能幫助一個(gè)國(guó)家擺脫貧困，它同樣有可能污染環(huán)境、降低貧困人群的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是旅游業(yè)的收益都流向了國(guó)際連鎖酒店，并使當(dāng)?shù)氐恼茩?quán)人物腐化墮落。

（4）旅游業(yè)是眾多雙刃劍之一。旅游業(yè)看起來像是一種賺取急用錢的簡(jiǎn)單方法，但它也能破壞野生地區(qū)，弱化本土文化以適應(yīng)旅游團(tuán)體。

（5）為了建造新的度假勝地、酒吧和娛樂場(chǎng)所，老酒店和老建筑都被推倒。無論是在新加坡、迪拜或約翰內(nèi)斯堡，這些新建的景區(qū)、建筑看起來都完全一樣。保護(hù)主義者對(duì)這種日益嚴(yán)重的趨勢(shì)加以譴責(zé)。

24.填空題

Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationmorethanbythe“battleofthesexes”.

A

B

C