2022年湖南省長沙市望城第一中學(xué)高三英語上學(xué)期期末試卷含解析

2022年湖南省長沙市望城第一中學(xué)高三英語上學(xué)期期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Weshouldspendmoretimedoingoutdoorexerciseinourdailylife____sittingbeforethecomputer,surfingsomewebsitesorplayinggames．A．a(chǎn)s

B．than

C．when

D．if參考答案：B2.Tomtoldmethatheneededachairandthatsoonhefound_________.A.it

B.that

C.one

D.theone參考答案：C3.﹣Excuseme，Mrs．Edward．______MissClairecomeinnow？﹣Oh，yes．Ihavesomeminutesfreeatpresent．（）A．Shall B．Will C．Must D．Should參考答案：A本題考查情態(tài)動詞shall的用法．根據(jù)句意可知，對方在征求Edward夫人的意見"Claire小姐是否可以進來"；而情態(tài)動詞shall常常用在一、三人稱的疑問句中表示征求意見或提出建議，所以本題答案選擇A．4.﹣﹣﹣We'dbetterleavenow．﹣﹣﹣Nohurry．Thetrain______at10o'clock．（）A．hasleft B．left C．leaves D．wouldleave參考答案：C我們最好現(xiàn)在動身．不用急，火車十點才開．本題考查時態(tài)的用法．在表示時間表上或不可輕易更改的動作時，一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)可以用來表達(dá)將來發(fā)生的動作，是將來時態(tài)的一種特殊表示法．故選C．5.

Childrenwithbadgradescanalwaysthinkofbrilliantwaystoescape_____.

A.punishing

B.beingpunished

C.tobepunished

D.havingpunished參考答案：B略6.ProfessorQianatanewsconference,"Itisprofitsthatdrivemanyfoodproducerstodoillegalthings."A.discovered B.explored C.observed D.imagined參考答案：C考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:"正是利益驅(qū)動著許多食品廠家去做違法的事情,"錢教授在一個新聞發(fā)布會上評論說。discover"發(fā)現(xiàn)";explore"探索";observe"評論";imagine"想象"。7.Atthegraduationceremony,theheadmaster_______thedegreecertificatestothestudentsonebyone.A.showed B.presented C.awarded D.delivered參考答案：B【詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意：在畢業(yè)典禮上，校長把學(xué)位證書一個一個地頒發(fā)給學(xué)生們。A.showed展示；B.presented頒贈；C.awarded判定；D.delivered遞送。結(jié)合句意可知選B。8.Duetotherisingrents,thenewgraduatehasdecidedtoleaveBeijingforhishometown,

havemanyotherclassmates.A.so

B.asC.which

D.nor參考答案：B選B。考察as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。在句中，as為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語，代表整個主句。在形式上，從句與主句用逗號隔開。在實際做題時，許多學(xué)生錯誤地選擇了答案A項，原因在于他們沒有搞清楚此類句型的特點。由于租金上漲，新畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生決定離開北京回家鄉(xiāng)，這正如許多其他同學(xué)做的。【名師點睛】為了更好地理解和掌握as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，現(xiàn)舉例予以說明：

（1）Thecompass,asiswell-knowntoall,wasinvitedinancientChina.眾所周知，指南針是中國古時發(fā)明的。

（2）Heseemsafarmer,asinactualfactheis.他看上去像個農(nóng)民，事實上他就是農(nóng)民。

（3）Asweknow,TaiwanisapartofChina.正如我們所知道的，臺灣是中國的一部分。（as在從句中作know的賓語，代表主句TaiwanisapartofChina）

從以上句子可以看出，as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句具有以下特點：

（1）其先行詞可為整個主句，也可為某一個名詞。

（2）as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

（3）其從句可以放在主句的前面或后面，也可以放在整個句子中間。也就是說從句可以位于句首、句中或句末，但習(xí)慣用逗號隔開。

（4）as仍有“正如……那樣；像……一樣；由……而知”等作連詞時的詞義。

（5）在句法上，as常被用作一些實義動詞的表語及其被動語態(tài)的主語，如see,know,say,report,imagine,show,remember,pointout等動詞。常見的詞組有：

asiswellknowntoall/asweallknow

眾所周知

ashasbeensaidbefore

如上所說

asyouexpected

如你所料

ashasbeenalreadyreported

據(jù)報道可知

assheimagined

如她所想像的那樣

asitshowed

正如所反映的那樣

asanybodycansee

正如人們所看到的那樣

as除了能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句外，還能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。常與thesame或such連用，構(gòu)成：thesame…as,such…as。as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時，在從句中同樣可以作主語、表語或賓語。如：

（1）SuchChineseasisspokeninShanxiisnotPutonghua.WecallittheShanxidialect.在陜西說的漢語不是普通話，我們稱為陜西方言。（as在從句中作主語）

（2）Ihavethesamebookasyouhave.我的書和你的一樣。（as在從句中作have的賓語）

（3）Heisnotsuchacleverpersonassheis.他不像她那樣聰明。（as在從句中作is的表語）9.________thatthegovernmentcanclearupofficialcorruption，weare________aboutthefutureofourcountry.A．Convinced；optimistic

B．Convincing；optimisticC．Convinced；pessimistic

D．Convincing；pessimistic參考答案：A考查形容詞辨析。convincing令人信服的；convinced相信的，信服的；convince與ongoing主語we之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞做狀語；optimistic樂觀的；pessimistic悲觀的。10.—Whydidn’tyoucallmethen?—Oh,mycell-phonewaspoweroff.I

youotherwise.A.wouldcall B.hadcalled C.havecalled D.wouldhavecalled參考答案：D11.Shehasbeendreamingafuture____shecanspendmoretimegrowingflowers．A．that

B．when

C．where

D．which參考答案：B考點：定語從句試題解析：她夢想著有一個將來，那時候她可以花更多的時間種花。此處先行詞為future，為時間，故其后引導(dǎo)詞用when12.Mymomheldmeandmybrothertight,tearsofhappiness______herface,feelingproudofourfinalsuccess.A.tocoverB.coveredC.havingcoveredD.covering參考答案：D【命題立意】考查非謂語動詞的用法。句意：我的媽媽緊緊抱住我和弟弟，滿臉幸福的眼淚，為我們最后的成功感到驕傲。此處是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，happiness是cover的動作執(zhí)行者，且動作正在進行，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。13.–What’sthatnoise?

--Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine________.A.wastested

B.willbetested

C.isbeingtested

D.hasbeentested參考答案：C14.

money,theymaybequiterich,butnotofhappiness.

A.Incaseof

B.Asaresultof

C.Intermsof

D.Infaceof參考答案：C15.Afterapauseforadrink,Itookupmystoryjust_______Ihadleftoff.A.what

B.that

C.which

D.where參考答案：D16.—ShallIcallyouat10tomorrowmorning?—Betternot.I______alecturetosomeuniversitystudents.Justsendmeamessage.

A.wouldgive B.willbegiving

C.willhavegiven

D.amgiving參考答案：B17.-IamgoingtostudyinBritain.Wouldyouconsidertellingmeaboutyourexperiencesthere?

-_________.Let’sdiscussitoverdinner.

A.That’sallforit

B.Byallmeans

C.Goahead

D.Itjustdepends參考答案：B18.ChenHanismorethanamonitorofthem.Heis

anamazingfigure.

theyalllikehim.A.withoutdoubt/withoutwonder

B.nowonder/nodoubtC.nodoubt/nowonder

D.withoutwonder/nodoubt參考答案：C二、短文改錯19.短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）下面短文中共有10處語言錯誤，請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改。每句最多有兩處錯誤。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不記分。Deardiary,HereIaminthemiddleofacity,350milesfarawayfromourfarmhouse.Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek?Dadlosthisjob,andasmomexplained,hewasluckytofindotherone.HisnewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbyetomyclassmate,myschoolorjusteverythingelseintheworld.Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.Tomorrowisfirstdayofschool.Iamawfullytiring,butIknowI’llneverfallsleep.Goodnightandremember,you,mydeardiary,ismyonlysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.

參考答案：短文改錯：far去掉；move改成

moved;other改成another;classmate改成classmates;or改成and;bad改成worse;first前加the或my;tiring改成tired;sleep改成asleep;is改成are20.文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。DearJack,Iampleasingtohearfromyouandknowthatyouhadagreatlytimeworkingpart-timeinafast-foodrestaurant.NowIwouldliketoshareyourworkingexperienceswithyouduringthepastsummer.Inthebeginningofthesummervacation,Iwashiredasshoppingguideinabigsupermarket.IstoodfortenhoursadayandsmiledtoeveryoneIhavemet.SometimesIwaslaughedat,andmostofthetime,Iwaspraisedformywonderfulworksbymanypeople.HalfamonthpassedquicklyafterIknewit,andIlearnedhowtodealwithdifferentpeople.Aboveall,Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolveanyproblem.Bestwishes,YoursSincerely,LiMing參考答案：DearJack,Iampleasingtohearfromyouandknowthatyouhadagreatlytimeworkingpart-timein

pleased

greatafast-foodrestaurant.NowIwouldliketoshareyourworkingexperienceswithyouduringthe

mypastsummer.Inthebeginningofthesummervacation,Iwashiredas∧shoppingguideinabigAt

asupermarket.IstoodfortenhoursadayandsmiledtoeveryoneIhavemet.SometimesIwaslaughedat,andmostofthetime,Iwaspraisedformywonderfulworksbymanypeople.Halfa

but

workmonthpassedquicklyafterIknewit,andIlearnedhowtodealwithdifferentpeople

beforeAboveall,Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolveanyproblem.

solvingBestwishes,YoursSincerely,LiMing試題分析：【小題1】第一句：pleasing改成pleased.固定結(jié)構(gòu)Bepleasedtodosth.開心地做某事。故將pleasing改成pleased.【小題2】第一句：greatly改成great.分析語境agreattime：一段精彩的時光。Greatly為副詞，此處應(yīng)該用形容詞詞性，故將greatly改成great.【小題3】第二句：your改成my.分析語境NowIwouldliketoshareyourworkingexperiencewithyouduringthepastsummer.我將和你分享我的暑期工作經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)為“我的工作經(jīng)歷”，故將your改成my.【小題4】第三句：In改成At.固定結(jié)構(gòu)Atthebeginningofsth.：在某事的開始階段。故將In改成At.【小題5】第三句：as和shopping之間加a.分析語境Iwashiredasshoppingguideinabigsupermarket我被一家超市雇為一名導(dǎo)購。Ashoppingguide：一名導(dǎo)購。名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞修飾，此處不是特指，所以用a表示泛指。故在as和shopping之間加a.【小題6】第四句：去掉have.分析語境smiledtoeveryoneImet對我遇到的每一個人微笑。Imet為省略了關(guān)系詞的定語從句，先行詞為everyone。故去掉have.【小題7】第五句：and改成but.根據(jù)原文SometimesIwaslaughedat和Iwaspraisedformywonderfulworksbymanypeople有時候我會被嘲笑，大多數(shù)情況下，許多人因我出色的工作表現(xiàn)而夸獎我?？芍昂笪闹g為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將and改成but.【小題8】第五句：works改成work.根據(jù)原文Iwaspraisedformywonderfulworkbymanypeople人們因我出色的工作表現(xiàn)贊揚我。Work表示“工作”的時候為不可數(shù)名詞。故將works改成work.【小題9】第六句：after改成before.分析語境HalfamonthpassedquicklybeforeIknewit不知不覺半個月很快過去了。Before：在...之前。句意為“在我意識到時間流逝之前半個月過去了”。故將after改成before.【小題10】第七句：solve改成solving.分析語境Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolveanyproblem我意識到微笑是解決任何問題的關(guān)鍵?？芍猼o為介詞，后面應(yīng)該接名詞，故用solve的動名詞形式，故將solve改成solving.三、閱讀理解21.Itisbecomingincreasinglyimportantforresearcherstocloselymonitorouroceanlife.However,observingseacreaturesupcloseisalmostimpossiblesincehumanpresencescaresthem.Now,thankstotheTheSoftRoboticFish,alsoknownasSoFi,researchersmaybeabletokeepacloseeyeontheseacreatures.BuiltbyMITComputerScienceandArtificialIntelligenceLaboratory(CSAIL),thewhiteremote-controlledrobotresemblestherealfish,completewithatailthatwavesfromsidetoside.Thoughnotthefirstautonomousunderwatervehicle(AUV)createdtomonitortheocean,SoFisettlesmanyoftheproblemsthathaveblockedtheusefulnessofpreviousrobotfish.PreviousAUVshavehadtobelinkedtoboatsbecauseofradiofrequencycommunicationsdon’tworkwellunderwater.Toovercometheproblem,DirectoroftheCSAILDanielaRusandherteamusedsoundwaves.ThetechnologycantravelgreaterdistancesallowingdiverstopilotSoFifromupto50feetaway.AlsolimitingtheusefulnessoftraditionalAUVsistheriskofcollision.Withtheoutsidemadeofsoftsilicone(硅樹脂)rubberandflexibleplasticthatkeepsitsinbuiltelectronicsdry,SoFiposesnosuchdanger.“Collisionavoidanceoftenleadstounnecessarymovement,sincetherobothastosettleforacollision-freepath,”saysRus.“Incontrast,asoftrobotisnotonlymorelikelytosurviveacollisionbutalsocoulduseitasinformationtoformamoreworkablemovementplannexttimearound.”Duringtestdives,SoFimovedalongsidetheoceanlifeatdepthsof50feetforupto40minutesatatime,takingphotosandmakingvideos.Theresearcherssaysometimesthefishwouldswimalongsidethestrange-lookingrobot-fishoutofcuriosity,whileatothertimestheytooknonoticeofitsexistence.WhileSoFipresentlyonlyrecordsvideo,futureversionswillincludesensors.Theresearchersalsohopetomakeitmoreautonomous.“Weimaginesomedayitmighthelpusuncoversmoresecretsfromtheamazingunderwaterworldthatweknowsolittleabout,”saysRus.12．WhatcanwelearnaboutSoFi?A．Itstailisflexible.

B．ItisthefirstAUV.C．Itiscloselycontrolled.

D．Itspresencescaresseaanimals.13．Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph3?A．Soundwavestravelfasterthanradio.B．Radiodoesnotworkwellunderwater.C．PreviousAUVsuseradiotocommunicate.D．AboattravelsalongwithSoFionthewater.14．HowdoesSoFidifferfromtraditionalAUVs?A．Itiscontrolledabove.B．Itcanavoidacollision.C．Itcansmartlyadjustitsmovementplan.D．Itissetforacollision-freepath.15．Whereisthepassagepossiblytakenfrom?A．Anewsreport.

B．Asciencefiction.C．Asocialwebsite.

D．Ashortbiography.參考答案：12．

A

13．

B

14．

C

15．

A

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了SoFi的出現(xiàn)，使得研究人員可能能夠密切關(guān)注海洋生物了。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第二段BuiltbyMITComputerScienceandArtificialIntelligenceLaboratory(CSAIL),thewhiteremote-controlledrobotresemblestherealfish,completewithatailthatwavesfromsidetoside.（這款白色遙控機器人由麻省理工學(xué)院計算機科學(xué)與人工智能實驗室制造，外形酷似真實的魚，尾巴左右擺動。）由此可知SoFi的尾巴很靈活，故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段PreviousAUVshavehadtobelinkedtoboatsbecauseofradiofrequencycommunicationsdon’tworkwellunderwater.（以前的無人潛水器必須與船只連接，因為無線電頻率通訊在水下不能很好地工作。）故選B。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在倒數(shù)第三段“Incontrast,asoftrobotisnotonlymorelikelytosurviveacollisionbutalsocoulduseitasinformationtoformamoreworkablemovementplannexttimearound.”可知SoFi與傳統(tǒng)AUVs的不同之處在于它可以靈活地調(diào)整它的運動計劃，故選C。15．推理判斷題。答案定位在第一段Now,thankstotheTheSoftRoboticFish,alsoknownasSoFi,researchersmaybeabletokeepacloseeyeontheseacreatures.（現(xiàn)在，由于軟機械魚，也被稱為SoFi，研究人員可能能夠密切關(guān)注海洋生物。）由此可知這篇文章最可能出自一個新聞報告，故選A。22.Whatisyourfavoritecolor1?Doyoulikeyellow，orange，red?Ifyoudo，youmustbeanoptimist，aleader，anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife，peopleandexcitement．Doyouprefergreyandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet，shyandyouwouldratherfollowthanlead．Ifyoulovegreen，youarestrong-mindedanddetermined．Youwishtosucceedandwantotherpeopletoseeyouaresuccessful．Atleastthisiswhatpsychologists（心理學(xué)家）tellus，andtheyshouldknow，becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolor1preference，andtheeffectthatcolor1shaveonhumanbeings．Theytellusthatwedon’tchooseourfavoritecolor1aswegrowup．Ifyouhappentolovebrown，youdidsoassoonasyouopenedyoureyes，oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly．Ayellowroommakesusfeelmorecheerfulandmorecomfortablethanadarkgreenone，andareddressringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday．Ontheotherhand，blackisdepressing（壓抑）．Lightandbrightcolor1smakepeoplenotonlyha