chapter 4 拼綴構詞法

1、,Chapter 4 Blending， Backformation and Shortening,Blending is a process of word formation by which a word is created by combining parts of other words. Words formed in this way are called blends. From morphological viewpoints, there are four types of blending:,botel: boat + hotel 汽艇游客旅館 smaze: smoke

2、 + haze 煙霾 advertistics: advertising + statistics 廣告統(tǒng)計學,1. The first part of the first word + the last part of the second word:,autocide: automobile + suicide 撞車自殺 altiport: altitude + airport 高山短距起落機場 ballute: balloon + parachute 減速汽球 chunnel: channel + tunnel 海峽隧道 lunacast: lunar + telecast 登月電視廣播

3、,carbecue: car + barbecue 一種用火烤法處理廢棄車輛 的熔車裝置 jazzotheque: jazz + discotheque 爵士音樂夜總會 lunarnaut: lunar + astronaut 登月宇宙航行員,2. the whole part of the first word + last part of the second word:,Nixonomics: Nixon + economics 尼克松的經濟政策 workfare : work + welfare 工作福利,helipad: helicopter + pad 直升飛機升降場 medica

4、id: medical + aid 美國的醫(yī)療補助方案 medicare: medical + care 醫(yī)療照顧方案,3. the whole form of the second word + the first part of the first word:,Eurasian: Europe + Asian 歐亞混血兒 motown: motor + town 汽車城,psywar: psychological + warfare 心里戰(zhàn) Amerind: American + Indian 美洲印第安人 memcon: memorandum + conversation 談話記錄,4.

5、 the first part of the first word + the first part of the second word:,sitcom: situation + comedy 情景喜劇 comint: communications + intelligence 通訊情報 humint: human + intelligence 間諜情報 comsat: communications + satellite 通訊衛(wèi)星,The words formed in this way are often regarded as nonce words. However , some w

6、ords have been accepted into standard English such as brunch, smog, motel.,It seems in scientific fields, this process of word formation is especially useful in lexicalizing a scientific concept: telex: teleprinter + exchange 用戶直通電報 pulsar: pulse + quasar 脈沖星,skylab: sky + laboratory 空中實驗室 biorhythm

7、: biological + rhythm 生理節(jié)奏 mascon: mass + concentration 質量密集,Some of the blends are especially effective in certain contexts:,e.g A longtime Nixon backer, he assumes a dawk stance on the problem. dawk: dove + hawk 介乎鴿派和鷹派之間的中間人物,e.g. The whole area have been turned into one huge autopia. autopia: au

8、to + utopia 轎車適宜行駛的地區(qū),Backformation Backformation is a process of word formation by which a word is formed by deleting the supposed affixes:,1. From nouns a: peddle: from peddler b: burgle: from burglar c: beg: from beggar d: orate: from orator,e: auth: from author f: emote: from emotion g: caretake

9、: from caretaker h: free-associate: from free-association i: enthuse: from enthusiasm,2. From adjectives a: peeve: from peevish b: gloom: from gloomy c: frivol: from frivolous d: cose or coze: from cosy,e: laze: from lazy f: greed: from greedy g: grue: from gruesome,3. By dropping the supposed prefi

10、x a: flappable: from unflappable 易驚慌的 b: ept: from inept,Shortening ( Abbreviation ),1. Clipped words 1) to clip the front part of a word,a: phone: from telephone,b: varsity: from university,c: chute: from parachute,2) to clip the back part of a word a: ad: advertisement b: exam: examination c: mod:

11、 modern d: pro: professional,e: demo: demonstration f: exp.: exposition g: memo: memorandum h: lib: liberation,3) to clip both the front and the back parts of a word a: flu: influenza b: Tec: detective c: fridge: refrigerator,4） Phrase clippings: pub: public house pop-singer: popular song singer lube: lubricating oil,Initialises: Initialisms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters:,C.O.D: cash on delivery EEC: European Economic Community FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation e.g.: exempli gratia: for example,Acronyms are words formed by the