英語(yǔ)專升本考試重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)部資料(專升本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,詞匯,閱讀理解、翻譯)

1、WORD格式可編輯語(yǔ)法 七大語(yǔ)法考試重點(diǎn)一 獨(dú)立主格（一）： 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞； 名詞(代詞)+形容詞； 名詞(代詞)+副詞； 名詞(代詞)+不定式； 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。（二） 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。舉例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

2、The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.He came into the roo

3、m, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.二 過(guò)去完成時(shí)1） 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。2） 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 狀語(yǔ)從句 在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves h

4、ad run away.c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make

5、 a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例題 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left注意：had no sooner t

6、han 剛 就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.三 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)考試重點(diǎn)： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本形式It is（was）+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that（who）；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)。一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本形式It is（was）+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that（who）。二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)。1、It was in that small room_ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. whereB. in whichC. whichd. that2、It is because she

7、 is very devoted to her students _she is respected by them.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who 3、It was not until she arrived in class _realized she had forgotten her book.A. and sheB. whenC. sheD. that she四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考試重點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱變化，在句子中和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)這幾年的考試看，著重測(cè)驗(yàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞接完成時(shí)的用

8、法。一、must +現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定的猜測(cè)。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have received B. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have had C

9、. should have had D. must have had二、should （ought to ）+完成時(shí)表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒(méi)有做，否定式表示不該做的事情做了。含有對(duì)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done2、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephoneB

10、. have phoned C. should have phonedD. should be phoned三、could +完成時(shí)表示能做的事情而沒(méi)有做。表示對(duì)過(guò)去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time.2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.五 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 考試重點(diǎn)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄條件句；以wish（that）引導(dǎo)的表示“愿望”的賓語(yǔ)從句；would rather 引

11、導(dǎo)的從句；以as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的從句；以suggest, advise, insist 等詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；It is necessary（important）that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；It is time （that）句型中。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本形式和用法：虛擬（條件）語(yǔ)氣中，主句與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式可分為下面三類：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know2、Do you think there would be less

12、conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak3、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came二、if的省略形式在虛擬條件句中， 如謂語(yǔ)包含were , had, should等詞， 則可以把這些詞放到主語(yǔ)前面，省略if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldn t have

13、 bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us三、含蓄條件句有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來(lái)表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with，wi

14、thout，but for。1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieve B. would not have achieved C. will not achieve D. dont achieve2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had四、以wish（that）引導(dǎo)的表示“愿望”的賓語(yǔ)從句wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用類似在非真實(shí)條件中從句時(shí)態(tài)

15、的應(yīng)用。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望用：主語(yǔ)wish 從句（主語(yǔ)過(guò)去時(shí)）；表示一個(gè)過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用：主語(yǔ)wish +從句（主語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)）；1、Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would studyI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be五、would rath

16、er句子（過(guò)去時(shí)）1、Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. better C. happier D. furtherI am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. come B. would come C. came D. have come六、以as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句在as if，as though引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果談?wù)摰氖遣豢赡芑虿徽鎸?shí)的情況時(shí)，它們所引用的狀語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞形

17、式和wish 后面的從中動(dòng)詞形式變化相同。1、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known2、You are talking as if you had seen them七、以suggest，advise，insist等詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。類似的動(dòng)詞有：propose，order，demand，require，request等。1、The doctor advised that Mr.

18、Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have2、His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on 八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should+原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。1、Its desired t

19、hat she _ to teach us at least twice a week.A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come2、Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged九、It is time (that)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)。1、Its high time we _ something to stop

20、traffic accident.A. do B. will do C. did D. must do 2、Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up六 狀語(yǔ)從句在主從句中起狀語(yǔ)作用的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)的狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、方式、比較、目的、結(jié)果。一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用的連詞有：when，whenever（無(wú)論什么時(shí)候），since，as，until，hardlywhen，no soonerthan，as soon as，be

21、fore，after，the moment，the minute（一就）1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _ it started raining hard.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. after2、She has wanted to become a nurse _ since she was a young girl.A. longB. oftenC. alwaysD. ever二、條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要。1、_ Im mistaken, Ive see

22、n that man before.A. UnlessB. IfC. BecauseD. Provided2、_ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. Provided三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句常用：because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果關(guān)系，一般用because引入；而since表示一種間接或附帶的原因；用as 只是提一下。1、He cannot go to school because he is ill. 2、Ev

23、eryone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 四、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用though/although，as （盡管），even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等1、In short, _ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. whateverB. wheneverC. whicheverD. wherever2、_, you must show your ticket to go into the

24、 cinema.A. No matter whoever you areB. Whomever you are C. Whoever you are D. No matter who are you3、_ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.A. Even ifB. If onlyC. Instead ofD. Despite of 4、Young _ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A. thatB. asC. althoughD. however五、

25、方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用as, just as, as if/though 等詞。1、_ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As2、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have known六、目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用so that , in order that, lest （以免， 以防）, in case。1、I wrote it down _ I s

26、hould forget it.A. in caseB. in case ofC. in order thatD. for fear of2、Ill give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.七、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常用sothat, suchthat They are _ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.A. so diligentB. such diligentC. so much dilige

27、ntD. such very diligent七 主謂一致考試重點(diǎn)：形式上復(fù)數(shù)、意義單數(shù)的名詞做主語(yǔ)；動(dòng)名詞、不定式，從句做主語(yǔ)；a number+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞和the number+of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)由as well as 等詞修飾時(shí)的主謂一致；當(dāng)用and連接的名詞前有each，every等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。一、名詞physics （物理），maths（數(shù)學(xué)），news（新聞），means（方法），works（工廠）等一般被認(rèn)為是形式是復(fù)數(shù)，意思是單數(shù)的名詞，它們做主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 Every means has been tried. 二、動(dòng)名詞、不定

28、式、從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。When and where the new hospital will be built _ a mystery.A. to remainB. remainsC. remainD. is remaining三、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是a number+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是the number+of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)1、A number of cars _ in front of my house.A. was parkedB. were parkingC. is parkingD. are parked四、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由as well as

29、 等詞修飾時(shí)的主謂一致。當(dāng)句中的主語(yǔ)后接as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied by等短語(yǔ)+名詞（代詞）時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系不受影響，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then.五、當(dāng)用and連接的名詞前有each，every等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是eachand，everyand eve

30、ry，many aand結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.2、In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.語(yǔ)法 語(yǔ)法詞匯習(xí)題(一)1. Water is _ short in many big cities. A. running B. flowing C. becoming D. moving2. Excuse me for _you with such a small matter

31、.A. troubling B. taking C. interrupting D. making3. This morning our water supply was _ because of the cold weather.A. let down B. cut off C. taken up D. brought away4. The market was filled with salted fish, _ the worst smell that you can imagine.A. sending off B. giving up C. sending down D. givin

32、g off5. It was because the applicant was too proud _he failed in the interview.A. therefore B. that C. so that D. so6. Tom used to live in California, _?A. used he B. did he C. was he D. didnt he7. So far there is no proof _ people from other planets do exist.A. which B. how C. what D. that 8. Never

33、 before _so highly successful in changing his surroundings.A. man has been B. man is C. has man been D. is man9. _ from the helicopter, the city looks very beautiful.A. Seeing B. Having seen C. Seen D. To see10. The newspapers reported yesterday several _on the boundaries of these two countries.A. i

34、ncidents B. happenings C. events D. accidents11. Some of the students in his class seem _to do their assignments.A. boring B. interesting C. tiring D. unwilling12. Lets work hard to find _to the problem.A. an answer B. a way C. a method D. a solution 13. They have developed techniques which are _ to

35、 those used in most factories.A. simpler B. better C. superior D. greater14. At the beginning of this term， our English teacher _a list of books for us to read.A. turned out B. made out C. handed in D. passed on15. Im sorry I have _dictionary. Youd better go to the library.A. not such B. not such a

36、C. not a such D. no such a16. If Mary had not been badly hurt in a car accident, she _in last months marathon race.A. would participate B. might participateC. would have participated D. must participate17. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _.A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take18.

37、Liquids are like solids _they have a definite volume.A. in which B. that C. in that D. which19. When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the game, he _go.A. couldnt help B. cannot do butC. couldnt help but D. just have to20. I was surprised to find his article on such an _topic so _.A. excited; boring B.

38、exciting; boredC. exciting; boring D. excited; bored21. Tom likes _foreign coins.A. gathering B. assembling C. collecting D. accumulating22. Luckily, most sheep _the flood last month.A. endured B. survived C. opinion D. passed23. They thought about the problem for a long time but came to no _.A. end

39、 B. result C. opinion D. conclusion24. The real trouble _their lack of confidence in their abilities.A. lies in B. lies on C. lies about D. lies off25. The story was so funny that everyone _.A. laughed B. interested C. amused D. joked26. He _me by two games to one.A. beat B. conquered C. gained D. w

40、on27. _, the next problem was how to make a good plan.A. Having made the decision B. Has the decision been made C. The decision having been madeD. The decision has been made28. The brain is capable of ignoring pain messages if _to concentrate on other activities.A. it allowed B. allowed C. is it all

41、owed D. allowed it29. The child was sorry _his mother when he arrived at the station.A. to miss B. having missed C. missing D. to have missed30. There is no point _with him, since he has already made up his mind.A. argue B. to argue C. in arguing D. of arguing 32. _ helping those who are unwilling t

42、o help themselves?A. What sense is it about B. Whats the point ofC. Whats the sense with D. What point is it in33. Its almost a year since I left my mother. Im really _ seeing her. A. looking back on B. looking up toC. looking forward to D. looking out over34. If I found the book, I _ it to you. A.

43、will bring B. would have broughtC. would bring D. might have brought35. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to correct our mistakes. A. in that B. in time C. in turn D. in effect36. The audience is _ at last years concert. A. much more than that B. much larger than that C. much l

44、arger than D. large enough than37. It occurred to her that she might _ a homeless child. A. adapt B. adopt C. adjust D. admit38. He works too hard. Thats _ is wrong with him. A. how B. where C. why D. what39. All _ is peace and progress. A. what is needed B. which is neededC. that is needed D. for o

45、ur needs40. People cannot close their eyes to the facts _. A. no longer B. not any longerC. any longer D. not longer語(yǔ)法 語(yǔ)法詞匯習(xí)題(二)1. _ born in China, the boy was brought up in the USA.A. Although B. Since C. As D. When2. _ is known to all, haste makes waste. A. What B. That C. As D. Which3. That is th

46、e very old woman _ house was burned down last night.A. which B. her C. of whom D. whose4. Hardly had he finished his speech _ the audience started cheering.A. than B. then C. when D. as soon as5. _ the book, he found out some answers to this question.A. As he reading B. At his readingC. As reading D

47、. On reading6. The spacecraft will send back _ on surface winds and temperatures.A. many new information B. some new information C. a new information D. a few new information7. The reason for my refusal is _ youre unreliable.A. because B. that C. due to D. for8. He came all the way to China for prom

48、oting friendship _ for making money.A. other than B. instead C. apart from D. rather than9. If you dont mind, I _ do my homework than play cards with you.A. had better B. would rather C. prefer D. would like10. No one, except his two best friends, _ where he is.A. know B. to know C. knows D. knowing

49、11. _, you would have seen your favorite movie star.A. If you arrived earlier B. If you had arrived earlierC. Unless you arrived earlier D. Unless you had arrived earlier12. The drivers carelessness _the death of three passengers.A. resulted from B. resulted in C. came across D. came about13. In Eng

50、land,tea_with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served14. Written in great haste,_.A. the secretary made a lot of mistakes in the reportB. there were a lot of mistakes in the reportC. we found a lot of mistakes in the reportD. the report was full of mistakes15. Its suggested that each one of us_the training classes for English.A. takes part in B. take part inC. too