牛津高中英語(yǔ)必修三unit-1語(yǔ)法講解：名詞性從句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解：名詞性從句一、概念名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用，它在整個(gè)句子中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。根據(jù)它在句中充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞郑~性從句可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句。沒有主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句/表語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子就缺少了主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整；沒有同位語(yǔ)從句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，但句意不完整。注：區(qū)別于定語(yǔ)從句（形容詞性從句）：限制性定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，修飾主句中的某個(gè)名詞，做它的定語(yǔ)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，幾乎完全獨(dú)立于主句，沒有

2、定從，雖然句意不一定完整，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。I know the girl who is reading over there.He came home safe and sound, which was a great relief to his family.二、4類連接詞&注意點(diǎn)1 that （1）連接主句與從句（2）無意義（3）不做從句中的成分（4）能否省略2 if/whether （1）連接（2）表“是否”（3）不做成分（4）whether與if區(qū)別3疑問代詞 what, who, whom, which &whatever, whoever, whomever, whicheve

3、r（1）連接（2）表不同含義（3）做從句中的重要成分4疑問副詞when, where, why, how（1）連接（2）表不同含義（3）做從句中的狀語(yǔ)三、四種名詞性從句1主語(yǔ)從句（1）普通主語(yǔ)從句That he is still alive is sheer luck.注：that位于句首引導(dǎo)主從，一定不省。Whether the plan is practicable remains to be seen.What we need are many instructive books.What we need is more time and money. 注：主從做主語(yǔ)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用

4、單數(shù)，但what引導(dǎo)的主從，根據(jù)后面表語(yǔ)的意義一致原則。When and where the meeting will be held is not clear.When Tom will come and what Lucy will say are not clear.注：一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，兩套則用復(fù)數(shù)。Which team will win is hard to predict.How he made such a large fortune is still a mystery.（2）用it做形式主語(yǔ)為（避免頭重腳輕）的主語(yǔ)從句，常見句型有：It is a pity/a sh

5、ame/no wonder/a pleasure/an honor/a fact/common sense/n thatIt is high/about time thatIt is the first/second/.time thatIt is obvious/strange/necessary/vital/essential/natural/not uncommon/ likely/adj that.It is said/reported/announced /believed/estimated expected/recommended/pp thatIt happens that；I

6、t turned out thatIt occur to/dawn on/hit/strike sb thatIt doesnt matter that/whether/how 注：連接代詞一般不用it做形式主語(yǔ)，e.g. What he said interested me greatly.2賓語(yǔ)從句：（1）做及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)I dont know what his name is.（2）做介詞的賓語(yǔ)My teacher was satisfied with what I did.The film reminded me of how my grandma brought me up.At w

7、hat I think is the appropriate time, I will tell you all the truth.注：介詞后面的賓從一般不用that引導(dǎo)，但in that 和 except that是例外He differed from his classmates in that he devoted all his spare time to reading.I know next to nothing about Tom except that he comes from the US. （3）放表語(yǔ)形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句I am glad that you make i

8、t to my party. She is not sure what will happen next.（4）it做形式賓語(yǔ)You may depend on it that I will always come to your aid.（介詞后賓從）I will see to it that everything goes smoothly.I once took it for granted that my parents put my needs first.（動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）I want to make it clear that I will never accept you

9、r money.They think/consider it impossible that house prices will ever drop.I like/hate it when ；I would appreciate it if（句型）注1：一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或介詞后接一個(gè)以上賓從時(shí)，第一個(gè)賓從的that可省，第二個(gè)開始的that不可省I forgot (that) my research paper was due on Tuesday and that I had left it unfinished since last Friday.注2：賓從時(shí)態(tài)一般與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，客觀真理自然現(xiàn)象

10、除外。In the middle age, people didnt believe that the earth moves around the sun.注3：否定前移I dont think he is fit for the job, is he?3表語(yǔ)從句：（1）be+表從The problem is that he has never been to another country alone. 表從中that一般不省。My question was why she turned my invitation down.（2）句型：looks/seems/appears +as if

11、/though, “看起來似乎好像”He looks as if he knew everything. (與事實(shí)相反，虛擬)It seems as if our team is going to win.(與事實(shí)相符，真實(shí)) （3）句型：that/this is why/because, “這是因?yàn)?的原因”He was late for school yesterday. That was because he was ill.He was ill. That was why he was late for school.4同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說明“某些抽象名詞”的具體內(nèi)容：news, word

12、 (單數(shù):消息), belief, idea (主意), thought (想法), fact, truth, plan, notice (通知), promise等比較特殊的有：doubt（有/無關(guān)于的疑問）, possibility/chance（有/無的可能性）, evidence（證據(jù)表明）。I agree with your plan that we set out tomorrow morning.Word came that he survived the war. There is no evidence that lives exist on Mars.注：“無疑問/很確定”

13、連接詞用that；“有疑問/不確定”用whetherI have no doubt that同位從；There is some doubt whether同位從= It is certain that主從；It is uncertain whether主從四、細(xì)節(jié)考點(diǎn)1. 從句語(yǔ)序：（1）陳述句語(yǔ)序，I dont know what your plan is. 特例：He refuses to tell me what is the matter.（2）主句是疑問句用疑問語(yǔ)序，從句仍用陳述句語(yǔ)序What do you think he is doing? What you think he i

14、s doing? (X) What do you think is he doing? (X)名從中套強(qiáng)調(diào)句的情況下的疑問詞放在最前面I dont know what it was that made him angry. I dont know it was what that made him angry. (X)2. 連接詞that 的省略總結(jié)：（1）只有“vt+賓從”中引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)從句的that可以省略；（2）其他“一般不省”（如表從、it做形式主語(yǔ)的主從）；（3）或者“一定不能省”（放句首的主從、同位從、介詞賓從、動(dòng)詞賓從的第二三四個(gè)從句中）3. 連接詞whether/if的區(qū)別：a.

15、只有三種情況whether/if都可以：（1）動(dòng)詞后的賓從中（vt除去discuss，decide, depend）I dont know whether/if he will come tonight.（2）it做形式主語(yǔ)的主從中 It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.（3）whether/ifor not分開時(shí)I dont know whether/if he will come or not tonightb. 其他情況只用whether不用if：（1）放句首的主從Whether we shall att

16、end the meeting hasnt been decided.（2）介詞后的賓從 I am skeptical about whether he will tell the truth.（3）表從The question is whether the film is worth seeing.（4）同位從I dare not ask the question whether she likes me or not.（5）whether or not 緊密相連時(shí)I dont know whether or not he will come tonight.（6）whether+ to d

17、o不定式We are uncertain whether to leave here tomorrow.4. 表示“建議，命令，要求”的詞（如suggest/suggestion, propose/proposal, recommend/recommendation, require/requirement, order, demand等）構(gòu)成的賓從、表從、同位從中用should虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可省略，表示“某人應(yīng)該做某事”之意I suggest that you should adopt the new teaching method.My suggestion is that you

18、 should adopt the new teaching method.Do you agree with my suggestion that the new teaching method should be adopted?5. who, whom和whoever, whomever的區(qū)別who是“誰(shuí)”的意思，表疑問；whoever 表無論誰(shuí)、任何的人”，相當(dāng)于anyone who，無疑問意味。Can you tell me who that gentleman is?Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

19、 “無論誰(shuí)最后離開房間”或“任何最后離開房間的人”Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票給任何你想給的人。The manager has decided to put _ he thinks is energetic and clever in the position of the leadership of the company.6. which +n與what+n的區(qū)別：Whichever team w

20、ins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. (which表示“哪一個(gè)”，有選擇范圍)I dont know what difficulty he has gone through. （what difficulty表示“什么困難”，無選擇范圍）Whichever one of you represents our class to attend the conference should behave well.7. how 與what的區(qū)別He made us aware of what difficult s

21、ituation we were facing.What some teenagers dont realize is how difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.（感嘆句）8. 疑問詞+ever 與no matter+疑問詞的區(qū)別：疑問詞+ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而no matter+疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句No matter where I go, my heart is towards China. = Wherever I go, my heart is towards China.I

22、 believe whatever he says.=/= I believe no matter what he says. (X)9. 疑問代詞what的各種引申含義【難點(diǎn)】【基本】：譯“什么”，表疑問What his name is remains a mystery. He made us aware of what difficult situation we were facing.【引申】：what在名從中充當(dāng)重要成分,可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境翻譯為不同含義，無疑問意味，如（1）“的東西或事情”，（2）“的時(shí)間”，（3）“的地方”，（4）“的人或樣子”，（5）“（倍數(shù)句中）的數(shù)目/大小”等等。

23、（1）Patience is what it takes to be a good teacher.（2）After what seemed like an hour, Tom finally made the choice.（3）Tall buildings are being built in what was farmland before.（4）His wifes love and support has made him what he is today. The town is no longer what it was 20 years ago.She is what is co

24、nsidered as a nosy(愛打聽) person. She is dying to know other peoples secrets.（5）Our income is now 3 times what it was ten years ago.10疑問副詞where的比喻引申含義【難點(diǎn)】【基本】：譯“哪里”，表疑問Where he lives remains a mystery. 【引申比喻義】：譯“的地方”，無疑問含義- I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.- Thats where I dont agree. You should have a more active life.（我不同意的地方）That is where you are mistaken. This is where your problem lies.New York is where the best jo