成果奧山威克諾ccna5enabling ospf

1、單區(qū)域 OSPF 實(shí)施實(shí)施 OSPFOSPF 概述通過(guò)交換 hello 數(shù)據(jù)包來(lái)創(chuàng)建鄰居關(guān)系以傳播 LSA 代替路由表更新鏈路：路由器接口狀態(tài)：描述接口以及它與鄰居路由器的關(guān)系將 LSA 泛洪到區(qū)域中的所有 OSPF 路由器，而不僅是直連的路由器收集由 OSPF 路由器生成的所有 LSA 以創(chuàng)建 OSPF 鏈路狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)使用 SPF 算法計(jì)算到每個(gè)目的地的最短距離，并將其置于路由表中OSPF 層級(jí)示例盡量減少路由表?xiàng)l目使拓?fù)渥兓瘍H影響本區(qū)域內(nèi)部鄰居關(guān)系：Hello 數(shù)據(jù)包SPF 算法將每臺(tái)路由器放置在樹(shù)的根節(jié)點(diǎn) ，并根據(jù)累計(jì)開(kāi)銷(xiāo)計(jì)算到達(dá)每個(gè)目的地的最短路徑開(kāi)銷(xiāo) = 參考帶寬 / 接口帶寬 (b

2、/s)配置單區(qū)域 OSPFnetwork address wildcard-mask area area-id將網(wǎng)絡(luò)分配到指定 OSPF 區(qū)域router ospf process-id將 OSPF 定義為 IP 路由協(xié)議RouterX(config)#RouterX(config-router)#配置環(huán)回接口路由器 ID：按照 OSPF 了解的路由器進(jìn)行編號(hào)默認(rèn)值：OSPF 過(guò)程啟動(dòng)時(shí)活動(dòng)接口上的最高 IP 地址可以使用環(huán)回接口覆蓋：任何活動(dòng)環(huán)回接口上的最高 IP 地址可以使用 router-id 命令手動(dòng)設(shè)置檢驗(yàn) OSPF 的配置RouterX# show ip protocols 檢驗(yàn)是

3、否已配置 OSPFRouterX# show ip route 顯示路由器獲知的所有路由RouterX# show ip routeCodes:I - IGRP derived, R - RIP derived, O - OSPF derived, C - connected, S - static, E - EGP derived, B - BGP derived, E2 - OSPF external type 2 route, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1 route, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 route Gatewa

4、y of last resort is 10.119.254.240 to network 10.140.0.0 O 10.110.0.0 110/5 via 10.119.254.6, 0:01:00, Ethernet2 O IA 10.67.10.0 110/10 via 10.119.254.244, 0:02:22, Ethernet2 O 10.68.132.0 110/5 via 10.119.254.6, 0:00:59, Ethernet2 O 10.130.0.0 110/5 via 10.119.254.6, 0:00:59, Ethernet2 O E2 10.128.

5、0.0 170/10 via 10.119.254.244, 0:02:22, Ethernet2 . . .檢驗(yàn) OSPF 的配置（續(xù)）RouterX# show ip ospf Routing Process ospf 50 with ID 10.64.0.2 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Number of areas transit capable is 0 External flood list length 0 Area BACKBONE(0) Area BACKBONE(0) Area ha

6、s no authentication SPF algorithm last executed 00:01:25.028 ago SPF algorithm executed 7 times 顯示 OSPF 路由器 ID、計(jì)時(shí)器和統(tǒng)計(jì)信息RouterX# show ip ospfRouterX#show ip ospf interface ethernet 0/0 Ethernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 192.168.1.2/24, Area 24 Process ID 201, Router ID 192.168.1.

7、2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 255 Designated Router (ID) 192.168.1.2, Interface address 192.168.1.2 Backup Designated router (ID) 4.4.4.4, Interface address 192.168.1.4 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 oob-resync t

8、imeout 40 Hello due in 00:00:08 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Cisco NSF helper support enabled IETF NSF helper support enabled Index 1/3, flood queue length 0 Next 0 x0(0)/0 x0(0) Last flood scan length is 2, maximum is 2 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 1, A

9、djacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 4.4.4.4 (Backup Designated Router Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)RouterX# show ip ospf interface檢驗(yàn) OSPF 的配置（續(xù)）顯示區(qū)域 ID 和鄰接信息RouterX#show ip ospf neighbor IDPri State Dead Time Address Interface 10.199.199.137 1 FULL/DR 0:00:31 192.168.80.37 FastEthe

10、rnet0/0 172.16.48.1 1 FULL/DROTHER 0:00:33 172.16.48.1 FastEthernet0/1 172.16.48.200 1 FULL/DROTHER 0:00:33 172.16.48.200 FastEthernet0/1 10.199.199.137 5 FULL/DR 0:00:33 172.16.48.189 FastEthernet0/1 檢驗(yàn) OSPF 的配置（續(xù)）RouterX# show ip ospf neighbor 顯示每個(gè)接口上的 OSPF 鄰居信息RouterX#show ip ospf neighbor 10.199

11、.199.137 Neighbor 10.199.199.137, interface address 192.168.80.37 In the area 0.0.0.0 via interface Ethernet0 Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL Options 2 Dead timer due in 0:00:32 Link State retransmission due in 0:00:04 Neighbor 10.199.199.137, interface address 172.16.48.189 In the area 0.0.0.

12、0 via interface Fddi0 Neighbor priority is 5, State is FULL Options 2 Dead timer due in 0:00:32 Link State retransmission due in 00:00:03 檢驗(yàn) OSPF 的配置（續(xù)）RouterX# debug ip ospf eventsOSPF:hello with invalid timers on interface Ethernet0hello interval received 10 configured 10net mask received 255.255.

13、255.0 configured 255.255.255.0dead interval received 40 configured 30OSPF:rcv. v:2 t:1 l:48 rid:200.0.0.117 aid:0.0.0.0 chk:6AB2 aut:0 auk: RouterX# debug ip ospf packet OSPF:rcv. v:2 t:1 l:48 rid:200.0.0.116aid:0.0.0.0 chk:0 aut:2 keyid:1 seq:0 x0OSPF 調(diào)試命令使用 OSPF 配置負(fù)載均衡 OSPF 負(fù)載均衡：路徑必須為等價(jià)路徑默認(rèn)情況下，最多可

14、在路由表中加入四條等價(jià)路徑通過(guò)更改配置，最多可以配置 16 條路徑：(config-router)# maximum-paths 可更改特殊鏈路的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)以確保路徑等價(jià)于負(fù)載均衡：(config-if)# ip ospf cost 使用 OSPF 配置負(fù)載均衡（續(xù)） OSPF 身份驗(yàn)證 OSPF 支持以下幾種類(lèi)型的身份驗(yàn)證：空（無(wú)身份驗(yàn)證）明文（或簡(jiǎn)單）口令身份驗(yàn)證MD5 身份驗(yàn)證路由器生成并檢查每個(gè) OSPF 數(shù)據(jù)包。 路由器驗(yàn)證接收到的每個(gè)路由更新數(shù)據(jù)包的來(lái)源。配置“密鑰”（口令）；每個(gè)參與的鄰居都必須配置相同的密鑰。配置 OSPF 明文口令身份驗(yàn)證ip ospf authentication

15、-key passwordRouterX(config-if)#分配用于鄰居路由器的口令RouterX(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest | null指定接口的身份驗(yàn)證類(lèi)型（如 Cisco IOS 版本 12.0）RouterX(config-router)#area area-id authentication message-digest指定區(qū)域的身份驗(yàn)證類(lèi)型或者明文口令身份驗(yàn)證配置示例檢驗(yàn)明文口令身份驗(yàn)證RouterX#show ip ospf neighborNeighbor ID Pri State Dead Time

16、Address Interface10.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 192.168.1.102 Serial0/0/1RouterX# show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksO 10.2.2.2/32 110/782 via 192.168.1.102, 00:01:17, Serial0/0/1C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 192.168.1.0/2

17、7 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 192.168.1.96 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1RouterX#ping 10.2.2.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/29/32 ms可視目標(biāo) 4-1：實(shí)施 OSPF總結(jié)OSPF 是無(wú)類(lèi)鏈路狀態(tài)路由協(xié)議，它使用區(qū)域?qū)蛹?jí)以加速收斂。OSPF 相互交換 hello 數(shù)據(jù)包