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1、教育類詞匯及翻譯練習(xí)1辦學(xué)效益efficiency in school management協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展coordinated and balanced program of development教育投入imput in education優(yōu)化教師隊伍optimize the teaching staff職前教育pre-service education崗位培訓(xùn)undergo job-specific training提高的思想品德Enhance the moral awareness of2職業(yè)道德professional ethics重點學(xué)科key disciplinary areas or
2、 priority fields of study(大學(xué))??苨hort 2- to 3- year higher education programs掃盲班l(xiāng)iteracy class注冊人數(shù)enrollment3在職培訓(xùn)On-the-job/ in-service training基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科The fundamentals學(xué)分制The credit system三學(xué)期制The trimester system雙學(xué)士制A double BA degree system4年齡段age bracket希望工程Project Hope/ Hope Project學(xué)齡兒童school-ager人才枯竭
3、Exhaustion of human resources輟/失學(xué)青少年School dropout/leaver基金會Foundation5主副修制A system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field教學(xué)、科研、生產(chǎn)的“三結(jié)合”“3-in-1 combination” involving teaching, research, and production定向招生Students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers6包分配Guarantee jo
4、b assignment(s)示范試點Demonstrate pilot project多學(xué)科的Multi-disciplinary重點大學(xué)Key university博士后科研流動站Center for post-doctoral studies7結(jié)業(yè)證書Certificate of Completion 畢業(yè)證書Certificate of Graduation 肄業(yè)證書Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/ 教育學(xué)院College/Institute of Education 中學(xué)Middle/Secondary School 師范學(xué)校Normal
5、 Schoolupper secondary level 8師范??茖W(xué)校Normal Specialized Postsecondary College 師范大學(xué)NormalTeachers University公正書Notarial Certificate ??茖W(xué)校 Postsecondary Specialised College 廣播電視大學(xué)Radio and Television University 中等??茖W(xué)校Secondary Specialised School 自學(xué)考試Self-Study Examination 9技工學(xué)校Skilled Workers Training S
6、chool 業(yè)余大學(xué)Spare-Time University 職工大學(xué)Staff and Workers University大學(xué)University (regular,degree-granting) 職業(yè)大學(xué)Vocational University10堅持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育事業(yè)。今年要研究制定國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要,對2020年前我國教育改革發(fā)展做出全面部署。年內(nèi)要重點抓好五個方面。We will continue to give priority to developing education. This year we will formulate the Outline of
7、 the National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development to make comprehensive arrangements for education reform and development in China through 2020. This year, we need to focus on the following five areas.11一是促進教育公平。落實好城鄉(xiāng)免費義務(wù)教育政策。提高農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育公用經(jīng)費標準,把小學(xué)、初中學(xué)生人均公用經(jīng)費分別提高到300元和500元
8、。逐步解決農(nóng)民工子女在輸入地免費接受義務(wù)教育問題。First, we will promote fairness in education. We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well. We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 yuan per primary school student and 500 yuan per junior secondary
9、 school student. We will progressively ensure that children of rural migrant workers have access to free compulsory education in the places where their families have relocated. 12增加農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育階段家庭經(jīng)濟困難寄宿生的生活補助。爭取三年內(nèi)基本解決農(nóng)村“普九”債務(wù)問題。We will increase living allowances for rural students receiving compulsory e
10、ducation who come from poor families and stay in school dormitories. We will strive to basically clear the debts incurred in providing nine-year compulsory education in rural areas within three years. 13完善國家助學(xué)制度,加大對中等職業(yè)學(xué)校和高等院校家庭經(jīng)濟困難學(xué)生的資助,確保人人享有平等的受教育機會,不讓一個孩子因家庭經(jīng)濟困難而失學(xué)。 We will improve the national
11、financial aid system for students and increase financial aid for secondary vocational school and university students from poor families to ensure that everyone enjoys equal opportunity to receive education and that no child is denied schooling due to financial difficulties.14二是優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu)。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育,特別要重點支
12、持農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育。逐步實行中等職業(yè)教育免費,今年先從農(nóng)村家庭經(jīng)濟困難學(xué)生和涉農(nóng)專業(yè)做起。Second, we will optimize the education structure. We will energetically develop vocational education, with the focus on supporting rural secondary vocational education. We will gradually make secondary vocational education free, beginning this year with r
13、ural students from poor families and students studying agriculture-related subjects. 15繼續(xù)提高高等教育質(zhì)量,推進高水平大學(xué)和重點學(xué)科建設(shè),引導(dǎo)高等學(xué)校調(diào)整專業(yè)和課程設(shè)置,適應(yīng)市場和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展需求。 We will continue to improve the quality of higher education, develop high-quality universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learnin
14、g to adapt their specialties, curriculums and courses to meet the needs of the market and Chinas economic and social development.16三是加強教師隊伍建設(shè)。對義務(wù)教育階段教師實行績效工資制度,提高1200萬中小學(xué)教師待遇,中央財政為此將投入120億元,地方財政也要增加投入。Third, we will improve the quality of teachers. We will apply a performance-based salary system for
15、 teachers in compulsory education and raise salaries for the 12 million primary and secondary school teachers. The central government will spend 12 billion yuan and local governments will also increase funding for this purpose. 17全面加強教師特別是農(nóng)村教師培訓(xùn),鼓勵大學(xué)生、師范生到基層、農(nóng)村任教。 We will step up training for all te
16、achers, especially rural teachers, and encourage graduates from teachers colleges and other colleges and universities to teach at community and village schools.18四是推進素質(zhì)教育。各級各類教育都要著眼于促進人的全面發(fā)展,加快課程、教材、教育方法和考試評價制度改革,把中小學(xué)生從過重的課業(yè)負擔(dān)中解放出來,讓學(xué)生有更多的時間思考、實踐、創(chuàng)造。 Fourth, we will advance well-rounded education. E
17、ducation of all types and at all levels must focus on promoting all-round development of students. Reform of curriculums, textbooks, teaching methods and examination and evaluation systems should be accelerated to relieve primary and secondary school students of their excessive study load so that they will have more time to think, practice and create.19五是實施全國中小學(xué)校舍安全工程,推進農(nóng)村中小學(xué)標準化建設(shè)。要把學(xué)校建成最安全、家長最放心的地方。 Fifth, we will implem
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